A STUDY OF IMMUNITY BASED ON PENNA AGING MODEL

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 479-492
Author(s):  
MINGFENG HE ◽  
SHUANG WANG

This paper describes an evolutionary model based on sexual Penna model and shape space model with infection and immunity. Each individual is represented by Penna model with an immune system. In order to study how the infection and immunity influence the survival process, we modify the Verhulst factor. Then, we present the results of our simulations, and discuss the evolution of population and the effect of immunity respectively. In addition, we study the effect of the memory of the immune system and the effect of vaccination under different conditions.

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (08) ◽  
pp. 1303-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
MINGFENG HE ◽  
QIUHUI PAN ◽  
BINGLIN YU

An evolutionary model based on bit-strings with intelligence is set up in this paper. In this model, gene is divided into two parts which relative to health and intelligence. The accumulated intelligence influences the survival process by the effect of food and space restrictions. We modify the Verhulst factor to study this effect. Both asexual and sexual model are discussed in this paper. The results show that after many time steps, stability is reached and the population self-organizes, just like the standard Penna model. The intelligence made the equilibrium to be reached larger both in asexual model and sexual model. Compared with asexual model the population size fluctuates more strongly in the sexual model.


2016 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 273-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issam Baghdadi ◽  
Olivier Briat ◽  
Jean-Yves Delétage ◽  
Philippe Gyan ◽  
Jean-Michel Vinassa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Castelli ◽  
Luigi Scietti ◽  
Nicola Clementi ◽  
Mattia Cavallaro ◽  
Silvia Faravelli ◽  
...  

SARS-CoV-2 proximal origin is still unclear, limiting the possibility of foreseeing other spillover events with pandemic potential. Here we propose an evolutionary model based on the thorough dissection of SARS-CoV-2 and RaTG13 - the closest bat ancestor - spike dynamics, kinetics and binding to ACE2. Our results indicate that both spikes share nearly identical, high affinities for Rhinolophus affinis bat and human ACE2, pointing out to negligible species barriers directly related to receptor binding. Also, SARS-CoV-2 spike shows a higher degree of dynamics and kinetics optimization that favors ACE2 engagement. Therefore, we devise an affinity-independent evolutionary process that likely took place in R. affinis bats and limits the eventual involvement of other animal species in initiating the pandemic to the role of vector.


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