Effects of Hachimi-jio-gan (Ba-wei-di-huang-wan) on Blood Flow in the Human Central Retinal Artery

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 425-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Isobe ◽  
Kazuhiko Yamamoto ◽  
Jong-Chol Cyong
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Central Retinal Artery ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Retinal Artery ◽  
Blood Flow Velocities

Hachimi-jio-gan (HJG), a chinese herbal formula, and a placebo were given to 12 healthy adults, and the changes in blood flow in the central retinal artery were observed with the latest ultrasonic diagnosis device before and after administration. After administration of HJG, the systolic flow velocity, diastolic flow velocity and mean flow velocity in the central retinal artery showed significant increases. No change was observed in vascular resistance. The subjects deemed suitable for use of HJG showed remarkable increases in blood flow. No changes in blood flow velocities and vascular resistance were observed after administration of the placebo. HJG is frequently used in the aged, often with eye diseases such as cataract. It has been reported that a decrease of blood flow in the central retinal artery becomes more marked in proportion to the progress of various eye diseases. As increases in blood flow were obvious in the cases that were treated with HJG, it is suggested that increases in blood flow in the central retinal artery due to HJG give direct evidence supporting the positive effects of HJG on eye diseases.

scholarly journals HOBOE (Head-of-Bed Optimization of Elevation) Study: Association of Higher Angle With Reduced Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity in Acute Ischemic Stroke

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 1503-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Jade Hunter ◽  
Suzanne J. Snodgrass ◽  
Debbie Quain ◽  
Mark W. Parsons ◽  
Christopher R. Levi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Study Association ◽  
Blood Flow Velocities ◽  
Flow Velocities

BackgroundCerebral autoregulation can be impaired after ischemic stroke, with potential adverse effects on cerebral blood flow during early rehabilitation.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess changes in cerebral blood flow velocity with orthostatic variation at 24 hours after stroke.DesignThis investigation was an observational study comparing mean flow velocities (MFVs) at 30, 15, and 0 degrees of elevation of the head of the bed (HOB).MethodsEight participants underwent bilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) transcranial Doppler monitoring during orthostatic variation at 24 hours after ischemic stroke. Computed tomography angiography separated participants into recanalized (artery completely reopened) and incompletely recanalized groups. Friedman tests were used to determine MFVs at the various HOB angles. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the change in MFV (from 30° to 0°) between groups and between hemispheres within groups.ResultsFor stroke-affected MCAs in the incompletely recanalized group, MFVs differed at the various HOB angles (30°: median MFV=51.5 cm/s, interquartile range [IQR]=33.0 to 103.8; 15°: median MFV=55.5 cm/s, IQR=34.0 to 117.5; 0°: median MFV=85.0 cm/s, IQR=58.8 to 127.0); there were no significant differences for other MCAs. For stroke-affected MCAs in the incompletely recanalized group, MFVs increased with a change in the HOB angle from 30 degrees to 0 degrees by a median of 26.0 cm/s (IQR=21.3 to 35.3); there were no significant changes in the recanalized group (−3.5 cm/s, IQR=−12.3 to 0.8). The changes in MFV with a change in the HOB angle from 30 degrees to 0 degrees differed between hemispheres in the incompletely recanalized group but not in the recanalized group.LimitationsGeneralizability was limited by sample size.ConclusionsThe incompletely recanalized group showed changes in MFVs at various HOB angles, suggesting that cerebral blood flow in this group may be sensitive to orthostatic variation, whereas the recanalized group maintained stable blood flow velocities.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF RENAL BLOOD FLOW IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE DEVELOPED AS A RESULT OF MYELOMA NEPHROPATHY AND IN PRIMARY NEPHROLOGY PATHOLOGY

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (62) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Наталья Макарова ◽  
Natalya Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Myeloma Nephropathy

A comparative analysis of the indicators of renal hemodynamics in patients with chronic renal failure/chronic kidney disease (CRF/CKD) developed against myeloma nephropathy (group 1) and with primary kidney disease (group 2) was done. 20 patients were included in the first group, 14 patients were in the second one, and in most cases there was Stage 3 CRF/CKD. There were analyzed the following indicators of renal blood flow: peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, mean flow velocity throughout the entire cardiac cycle, resistive index and pulsation index. Circulation figures were recorded at the level of basic, segmental, interlobar, arc, interlobular renal arteries. It is concluded that violations of renal blood flow and vascular resistance in patients with multiple myeloma complicated by chronic renal failure are primarily due to CKD itself. The differences in the two groups of patients with CRF/CKD were only about the average level in the parenchymal blood flow velocity (interlobular, arcuate, interlobar arteries); at myeloma nephropathy it was significantly reduced in comparison with the control group and patients with CRF/CKD without hemoblastosis. The rest velocity parameters were significantly reduced and vascular resistance indices were increased in comparison with the control and did not differ in groups of patients with CRF/CKD. Thus, hemodynamic changes at the level of parenchyma are the most important for patients with multiple myeloma, which suggests more severe violations of kidneys in these patients with the complication of CRF.

scholarly journals Associating the biomarkers of ocular blood flow with lamina cribrosa parameters in normotensive glaucoma suspects. Comparison to glaucoma patients and healthy controls

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248851
Author(s):  
Patrycja Krzyżanowska-Berkowska ◽  
Karolina Czajor ◽  
D. Robert Iskander
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ophthalmic Artery ◽  
Lamina Cribrosa ◽  
Ocular Blood Flow ◽  
Central Retinal Artery ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Posterior Ciliary Artery ◽  
Retinal Artery ◽  
Ciliary Artery

Purpose To evaluate association between ocular blood flow biomarkers and lamina cribrosa parameters in normotensive glaucoma suspects compared to glaucoma patients and healthy controls. Methods A total of 211 subjects (72 normotensive glaucoma suspects, 70 with primary open-angle glaucoma and 69 controls) were included. Ocular blood flow biomarkers in ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery, as well as in nasal and temporal short posterior ciliary arteries were measured using colour Doppler imaging. Lamina cribrosa position was assessed by measuring its depth, deflection depth, lamina cribrosa shape index and its horizontal equivalent (LCSIH) on B-scan images obtained using optical coherence tomography. Results Ocular blood flow biomarkers in glaucoma patients were statistically significantly reduced when compared to healthy controls in peak systolic velocity (PSV) (P = 0.001 in ophthalmic artery and P<0.001 in central retinal artery) and mean flow velocity (Vm) (P = 0.008 in ophthalmic artery and P = 0.008 in central retinal artery), but not statistically significantly different to that of glaucoma suspects except for PSV in central retinal artery (P = 0.011). Statistically significant correlations corrected for age, central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure were found in glaucoma patients between LCSIH and end diastolic velocity of central retinal artery (P = 0.011), and of nasal short posterior ciliary artery (P = 0.028), and between LCSIH and Vm of central retinal artery (P = 0.011) and of nasal short posterior ciliary artery (P = 0.007). No significant correlations were observed between these parameters in glaucoma suspects and healthy controls. Conclusions Impaired ocular blood flow associated with the deformation of lamina cribrosa was found in glaucoma patients, whereas glaucoma suspects had similar lamina cribrosa shape to glaucoma patients but that deformation was not associated with ocular blood flow biomarkers.

scholarly journals The effect of preset intraoperative intraocular pressure during phacoemulsification on the blood flow velocity in the central retinal artery

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Yuri V. Takhtaev ◽  
Tatyana N. Kiseleva ◽  
Roman B. Shliakman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Ocular Blood Flow ◽  
Central Retinal Artery ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Diastolic Phase ◽  
Retinal Artery ◽  
Central Retinal Vein

Aim. To evaluate the effect of preset elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) level during phacoemulsification on central retina artery and central retinal vein hemodynamics and to determine possible compensatory mechanisms of the ocular blood flow autoregulation in response to intraoperational IOP jump. Methods. This prospective study included 23 cataract patients without concomitant ocular vascular conditions (15 women and 8 men) aged from 62 to 83 years. The mean age was 72.5 5.7 years. In all patients, an intraoperational color duplex scanning in the regimens of color Doppler imaging and pulsed wave velocity imaging using ultrasound scanner Logiq S8 (GE). The blood flow was estimated in retrobulbar vessels: central retinal artery, central retinal vein with maximal systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity of the blood flow, and resistance index (RI). The investigation was performed under IOP control, which was measured using Icare Pro tonometer, and under blood pressure control using patient monitoring system Draeger Vista 120. In the operating room, ocular blood flow was examined three times: immediately before surgery, straight after the surgical incision sealing at preset intraoperational IOP level, and after IOP normalization and repeated sealing of the corneal tunnel. Results. Under preset intraoperational IOP maintenance on 58.01 8.10 mm Hg level, there was a clinically significant (p 0.05) decrease of blood flow velocity in the central retinal artery. In 30.4% of cases, the blood flow velocity in the central retinal artery during diastolic phase was not registered. The flow velocity in central retinal vein did not change significantly, and did not depend on IOP level (p 0.05). Conclusions. At the 5560 mm Hg IOP level, in humans, compensatory blood flow autoregulation mechanisms in response to intraoperational IOP jumps are absent, up to complete blood flow stop in the central retinal artery at the diastolic phase, and this could be a risk factor for retinal ischemia.

scholarly journals Hemodynamic And Morphological Changes of The Central Retinal Artery In Myopic Eyes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Zhao ◽  
Andrew Kwok-Cheung Lam ◽  
Michael Tin-Cheung Ying ◽  
Allen Ming-Yan Cheong
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Central Retinal Artery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vascular Abnormalities ◽  
Retinal Artery ◽  
Reduced Flow

Abstract Due to excessive elongation of the eyeball, myopia-related vascular abnormalities are frequently observed in the central retinal artery (CRA) and its intraretinal branches. In addition to inconsistency in previously reported findings, hemodynamic (reduced flow velocity, increased vascular resistance) and morphological changes (narrower vessel diameter) were usually studied separately. This cross-sectional study evaluated the hemodynamic and morphological characteristics concurrently in a large sample of healthy myopes, by using the color Doppler ultrasound and adaptive optics retinal camera. Results showed that the retrobulbar segment of CRA had a tendency of slightly reduced flow velocity in eyeballs with longer axial length, but the correlation was not significant after adjusting for the multiple correlations. Vascular resistance was not affected by the axial elongation. With respect to the intraretinal branches, no significant changes in longer eyes of total diameter or lumen diameter were observed , while both the wall thickness and the wall cross-sectional area were significantly increased, but only a marginally increase in the wall to lumen ratio was found with increasing axial length. This implies some potential small artery remodeling in the intraretinal CRA branches. Overall, blood supply of the inner retina in healthy young myopes is likely to be maintained. Additionally, morphological parameters of vascular microstructure could be potential biomarkers to monitor myopia progression and understand myopia-related vascular abnormalities in future studies.

scholarly journals Hemodynamic parameters in the central retinal artery in active retinopathy of prematurity and their relationship with the central retinal vein

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
I.G. Trifanenkova ◽  
◽  
A.V. Tereshchenko ◽  
E.V. Erohina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Central Retinal Artery ◽  
Duplex Scanning ◽  
Subsequent Stage ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Retinal Artery ◽  
Central Retinal Vein

Purpose. To analyze the main hemodynamic parameters in the central retinal artery, as well as their relationship with hemodynamic indicators in the central retinal vein, depending on the stage and type of active ROP with the use of color duplex scanning. Material and methods. The 63 premature babies with various stages of active ROP and no signs of ROP were included in the study. The 55 children with active ROP included in the study were distributed according to the stages and type of disease course. All children were at the same gestational age at the time of examination – 37–38 weeks of postmenstrual age or at 6–11 weeks of life. For all these children were performed color duplex scanning of the vessels of the eye and orbit in the modes of color Doppler mapping and pulsed Doppler. Results. The study of the hemodynamic features of the central retinal artery in premature infants with active ROP showed that the progression of the disease was accompanied by a significant increase in blood flow velocity (Vsyst and Vdiast) with each subsequent stage of ROP. A higher index of peripheral vascular resistance is recorded in comparison with the non-progressive favorable type for children with an unfavorable course of the disease.The analysis of the ratio of the maximum blood flow velocities in the central retinal artery and central retinal vein made it possible to determine in which of the vessels the hemodynamic changes are most pronounced, depending on the stage and form of active ROP. Conclusion. Thus, there are statistically significant changes in such large vessels of the retinal bed as the central retinal artery and central retinal vein during active ROP. Color duplex scanning, having a significant diagnostic potential in assessing hemodynamic parameters, made it possible to obtain reliable information about the linear blood flow velocity and the state of peripheral resistance in the central retinal artery and their relationship with the central retinal vein. This information opens up prospects for improving the accuracy of predicting the nature of the course of the disease, especially i n the early stages. Keywords: color duplex scanning, active retinopathy of prematurity, hemodynamic parameters, central retinal artery, central retinal vein

RI in central retinal artery as assessed by CDI does not correspond to retinal vascular resistance

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (4) ◽  
pp. H1442-H1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Polska ◽  
Karl Kircher ◽  
Paulina Ehrlich ◽  
Pia V. Vecsei ◽  
Leopold Schmetterer
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Color Doppler Imaging ◽  
Central Retinal Artery ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Ocular Perfusion ◽  
Retinal Artery

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between ultrasound Doppler measurements of resistive index (RI) in the central retinal artery and retinal vascular resistance ( R) assessed with laser Doppler velocimetry, vessel size measurement, and calculation of ocular perfusion pressure (PP) in healthy subjects. An increase in vascular resistance was induced by inhalation of 100% O2. During hyperoxia no significant changes in PP were observed. Mean flow velocity in main retinal veins was reduced by −27.5 ± 2.0%. The average decrease in diameter was −11.5 ± 1.0%. R, which was calculated as the ratio of PP to flow rate, increased by 97.6 ± 7.7%. RI increased as well, but the effect was much smaller (6.6 ± 2.2%). In addition, a negative correlation was found between baseline values of R and RI ( r = −0.83). During hyperoxia R and RI were not associated. In conclusion, our data indicate that RI as assessed with color Doppler imaging in the central retinal artery is not an adequate measure of R.

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