scholarly journals CONTRACTING-OUT OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE COLLECTION SERVICES IN JAPAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (02) ◽  
pp. 443-455
Author(s):  
NORIMICHI MATSUEDA ◽  
JUN’ICHI MIKI
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Simple Analytical Model ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Contracting Out ◽  
Contract Price ◽  
Set Up

We first report three empirical findings from our survey on the contracting-out of municipal waste collection services in Japan: (1) the rate of contracting-out and the contract price are inversely related, (2) this inverse relationship tapers out as the contracting rate becomes sufficiently high, and the contract price even tends to go up as the contracting rate approaches 100% and (3) there is a significant disparity in the contracting rates between the eastern and western parts of Japan. In order to account for these observations, we then set up a simple analytical model and examine its implications. Also, we discuss the issues that a potential hold-up situation could give rise to when the services are completely contracted out to private firms.

Survey of the Use of the System for Separate Collection of Household Waste from Packaging in the Municipality of Stara Zagora

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Getzova ◽  
Ralitza Berberova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Collection System ◽  
New Production ◽  
Packaging Waste ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One

Separate waste collection and recycling are at the basis of today’s wastemanagement. This helps the reduction of landfilled waste, which aims to reduce soil, water, and airpollution, on the one hand, and to cut down on the depletion of resources for new production, on theother. A large portion of household waste comes from the so-called “widespread waste”, whichincludes packaging waste. Legislation at European and national levels sets specific goals toovercome this problem. Separate waste collection is carried out by municipalities via wasterecycling companies, which set up and operate systems for separate collection. Citizens are at theheart of the efficient functioning of these systems. A separate waste collection system of this kindhas been established in the municipality of Stara Zagora in Bulgaria. The objective of this paper isto present the results of a questionnaire survey of the system’s users to establish their awareness andattitudes regarding the process of separate waste collection. The results can be used to improve thesystem.

scholarly journals Application of the Operational Research Method to Determine the Optimum Transport Collection Cycle of Municipal Waste in a Predesignated Urban Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondrej Stopka ◽  
Maria Stopkova ◽  
Rudolf Kampf
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Urban Road Network ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Waste Composition ◽  
Mixed Waste ◽  
Waste Separation ◽  
The Impact

This paper deals with waste management. The aim is to find out whether the number of municipal mixed waste bins can be reduced due to the impact of waste separation and to determine the optimum municipal waste collection cycle within a predesignated area with an existing urban road network. The number of mixed waste bins depends on two factors—household waste volume and household waste composition. Both of these factors have a significant impact on the number of mixed waste bins required, with household waste composition being of particular importance when it comes to calculating the potential reduction in the number of mixed waste bins required due to waste separation. The calculations for the weight and volume of mixed household waste per person and the composition (types) thereof are presented accordingly. The results reveal which types of waste are the most useful in minimising the number of mixed waste bins by up to 30–50%. To determine the optimum waste collection cycle within the predesignated area with a real urban road network, the Nearest Neighbour Search method was applied. In the discussion, the focus is on whether other methods, including the Two-Phase Heuristic approach and the Bellman-Ford Algorithm, could be applied to solve the problem, whereby parameters such as application time and the capacity of the waste collection vehicle are compared.

scholarly journals Study of Influence of Social-Economic Development of Territory on the Quality of Service for Population on Municipal Waste Collection and Disposal

2019 ◽  
pp. 176-187
Author(s):  
Olga Khandogina ◽  
Natalia Mushchynska
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Public Data

The problem of coverage of the population by services of waste removal in the cross section of regions and the connection of this indicator with economic and social aspects of human activity has been considered. The regions are compared, the dynamics of changes of the index by years is analyzed. The dependence of coverage of services on the number of employees in the field of waste management and on the level of financing of the sphere of waste management is analyzed. These figures are found to vary significantly and there is no correlation between the number of employees or the amount of waste management system financing and the increase in the level of service provision in the region. The reasons, of the imperfections of the household waste system collection and removal are identified. The importance of correctly determining the level of waste collection services coverage for the proper waste collection subsystem organization is characterized. The study of correlation between indices of human development in the countries of the world and the index of coverage of the population by services for removal of household waste is conducted. It is found that there is a direct correlation between the indicators for individual countries. Based on the obtained model, the validity of the indicator for the regions of Ukraine is analyzed. It is determined that the values of the population coverage of waste collection for the regions do not fit into the model obtained. Assumptions have been made about the inaccuracy of public data on waste collection services in the regions of Ukraine. Waste management system in the regions of Ukraine, in particular with regard to waste collection, is currently characterized by the imbalance of development and insufficient accuracy of the indicators, and needs concerted action and measures to optimize it to ensure proper collection of municipal waste at the regional level, as well as to create an effective information and analytical system to monitor the state of the household waste management system. It is concluded that the improvement of the waste collection system should be one of the highest priorities at the local level to reduce the risk of negative impact on human life and health, the environment, etc.

Networks and vehicle routing for municipal waste collection

Networks ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Beltrami ◽  
L. D. Bodin
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Routing ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Waste Collection

Convective Losses From Cavity Solar Receivers—Comparisons Between Analytical Predictions and Experimental Results

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Clausing
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Simple Analytical Model ◽  
Refined Model ◽  
Wall Area

Cavity solar receivers are generally believed to have higher thermal efficiencies than external receivers due to reduced losses. A simple analytical model was presented by the author which indicated that the ability to heat the air inside the cavity often controls the convective loss from cavity receivers. Thus, if the receiver contains a large amount of inactive hot wall area, it can experience a large convective loss. Excellent experimental data from a variety of cavity configurations and orientations have recently become available. These data provided a means of testing and refining the analytical model. In this manuscript, a brief description of the refined model is presented. Emphasis is placed on using available experimental evidence to substantiate the hypothesized mechanisms and assumptions. Detailed comparisons are given between analytical predictions and experimental results. Excellent agreement is obtained, and the important mechanisms are more clearly delineated.

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