Analysis of waste composition as a source of refuse-derived fuel in Cilacap

The government focuses on converting garbage into energy, such as in Cilacap, that waste is processed into Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF). Compared to organic waste, a material with high calorific value fractions such as plastic is a potential energy source. Of contrast, organic waste dominates the waste composition in Indonesia. This study aimed to look into the waste composition in Cilacap as a resource of RDF. This is descriptive research that uses quantitative approaches. Organic waste dominated composition by 53,14%, according to a survey of 100 respondents. The percentages of plastic waste, paper, textile, and rubber/leather are 28,46%; 16,09%; 0,8%; and 0,42%; respectively. People who generate more organic waste are more likely to engage in social activities, have no yards and have no livestock. Furthermore, buying too much food and regularly leaving meals on the table may increase organic waste production. The calorific value obtained from the data is 3.735 kcal/kg. Knowing the theoretical calorific value of waste composition in Regency gives an overview of economic potential and research into appropriate policy recommendations for the government.

The effect of demolition waste composition on the landfill liner physical characteristic

This study analyses the physical characteristics of demolition waste on the composite landfill liner. In this study, three characteristic composite landfill liner tests consist of swelling/specific gravity, OMC standard proctor determination, and atterberg limit test. Composite landfill liner consists of demolition material, bentonite, and lime with eight variable samples. Based on this research, specific gravity ranges from 1.8-2.1 g/cm3, OMC’s highest is V7, and MDD’s lowest is 1.81 g/cm3. Demolition waste content is below 80% can be carried out atterberg limit test. It is related to the particle size distribution test, which states that the size of demolition waste is a type of sand.

MSW handling of top 5 leading waste-producing countries in Southeast Asia

In 2050, World Bank predicts up to 3.4 tonnes of solid waste generated worldwide. According to Jain (2017), Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines, and Malaysia are the top 5 countries producing enormous waste in Southeast Asia, producing 64, 26.77, 22, 14.66, 12.84 million tons, respectively. Countries in Southeast Asia contribute 1.14 kg/capita/day of waste worldwide; improperly controlled solid waste leads to environmental pollution and generates greenhouse gases. Therefore, this study will discuss further and compare the handling of MSW by the five most waste-producing countries in Southeast Asia. All countries in Southeast Asia produce solid waste dominated by organic waste as much as 50-70% of the total waste. Another waste composition varies between countries. Waste handling in each country, from source to disposal, is different. For example, Malaysia has not implemented waste composting while Indonesia and Thailand is the only country that conducts waste bank program. Above all, waste composition and infrastructure conditions play an essential role in determining the most suitable countries’ waste handling approaches.

Municipal Solid Waste Status in Iran; From Generation to Disposal

The critical step of policymaking and planning for the local governments to select appropriate waste management methods and accomplish the required programs and projects, is comprehensive information on solid waste generation. Since in the last decade there has not been a comprehensive and integrated study for identifying waste management practices at a nationwide level, so this paper presents an overview of the current solid waste generation, characteristics and disposal method covering all 31 provinces of Iran based on available information and integrated waste management plans. The results show the average of solid waste generation (municipal and rural) throughout the country is 630 grams per capita per day. Although this is 10 percent higher than its level in the past decade, it is still lower than the global average per capita (740 grams per day). Solid waste composition in Iran comprises primarily organic, with 70 percent, followed by paper and plastic that account 7 percent, make up the waste stream. In addition, on average over 90 percent of generated solid waste in Iran is still openly dumped that increase healthy and environmental risk. So it is suggested that due to obtain accurate and reliable data, a comprehensive waste monitoring plan at the national level should be defined and waste composition and generation rate determined and updated through a standard method within certain interval time. According to the data of this research, planning and financial support for source separation can decrease environmental, economic and social problems in current solid waste management systems.

Current Management Condition and Waste Composition Characteristics of Construction and Demolition Waste Landfills in Hanoi of Vietnam

This study collected basic information and conducted waste composition surveys to identify the present management condition of construction and demolition waste (CDW) landfills in Hanoi of Vietnam and to characterize waste composition and grain size distribution of CDW dumped at landfills. Basic information on seven CDW landfills under operation or closed/abandoned was collected, and the waste composition and the grain size distributions of dumped CDW at two landfills were investigated. Results showed that only one landfill site is currently under operation in Hanoi. Sanitary conditions of investigated landfills were relatively good without dumping of hazardous waste. Illegal dumping of domestic waste from residents, however, could be observed more or less at all sites due to an unclear boundary between dumping and surrounding areas. To improve current management of CDW landfills, a suitable recording system of accepted/dumped CDW and technical support for site managers are required as well as the implementation plan for developing and renovating landfills. Based on the results of the waste composition survey, the major components of dumped CDW were “Concrete”, “Clay bricks”, and “Soil-like”, and the sum of these materials reached >80% of the total. Grain size distributions of “Concrete” ranged from 10–600 mm and of “Clay bricks” ranged from 10–300 mm. Technical recommendations to examine a potential availability of dumped “Concrete” and “Clay bricks” as a base material in road construction are summarized from the viewpoints of segregation from “Soil-like” and impurities, grading of “Concrete” and “Clay bricks”, mechanical properties and environmental safety, and economic feasibility. The findings in this study raise challenges and perspectives to establish sound CDW management and to promote sustainable development of CDW recycling in Vietnam.