A revisit of the quark mass spectra and flavor mixing based on the S3 flavor symmetry

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (24) ◽  
pp. 1650131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Xu ◽  
Xinghua Yang ◽  
Deshan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Flavor Symmetry ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Quark Sector ◽  
Three Dimensional Representation ◽  
Down Quark ◽  
Mass Matrices ◽  
Flavor Mixing

In this paper, we propose a simple model based on the S3 flavor symmetry, in which a perturbation ansatz is suggested that the flavor symmetry is explicitly broken down via S3 [Formula: see text]Z2 [Formula: see text] in the up-quark sector and via S3 [Formula: see text]Z3 [Formula: see text] in the down-quark sector. Our model is successful in obtaining the strong hierarchy of mass matrices of both up-type quarks and down-type quarks, but unsuccessful in obtaining the realistic mixing between the third generation and the first two, as in other models based on S3 flavor symmetry proposed in the literature. Through detailed analysis, we find the reason for the unsuccesses in our model which is related to the reducibility of the three-dimensional representation of the S3 group. We conclude that any perturbations in mass matrices preserving the partial symmetry of S3 cannot help getting realistic mixing between the third generation and first two without fine-tuning.

scholarly journals A String-Inspired Ansatz for Quark Masses and Mixing

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (08) ◽  
pp. 561-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Kobayashi ◽  
Zhi-Zhong Xing
Keyword(s):  
Quark Mass ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Superstring Theory ◽  
Quark Masses ◽  
Gauge Symmetries ◽  
Down Quark ◽  
Mass Matrices ◽  
Renormalization Group Equations ◽  
Flavor Mixing ◽  
Good Agreement

We propose a simple but realistic pattern of quark mass matrices at the string scale, which can be derived from orbifold models of superstring theory with no use of gauge symmetries. This pattern is left–right symmetric and preserves the structural parallelism between up and down quark sectors. Its phenomenological consequences on flavor mixing and CP-violation are confronted with current experiments at the weak scale by using the renormalization group equations in the framework of minimal supersymmetric standard model. We find that good agreement is achievable without fine-tuning.

scholarly journals QUARK MASS MATRICES IN SUPERSTRING MODELS

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2201-2215 ◽  
Author(s):  
TATSUO KOBAYASHI ◽  
ZHI-ZHONG XING
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Quark Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Superstring Theory ◽  
Gauge Symmetries ◽  
Down Quark ◽  
Mass Matrices ◽  
Flavor Mixing ◽  
Current Experimental Data ◽  
Good Agreement

Four simple but realistic patterns of quark mass matrices are derived from orbifold models of superstring theory in the absence of gauge symmetries. Two of them correspond to the Ramond–Roberts–Ross types, which have five texture zeros in up and down quark sectors. The other two, with four texture zeros, preserve the structural parallelism between up and down sectors. The phenomenological consequences of these mass matrices on flavor mixing and CP violation are analyzed at the weak scale. With the same input values of quark mass ratios, we find that only one or two of the four patterns can be in good agreement with current experimental data.

scholarly journals Flavor mixing of quarks and a new texture

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (13) ◽  
pp. 2150097
Author(s):  
Harald Fritzsch
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Element ◽  
Ckm Matrix ◽  
Mixing Angle ◽  
Mixing Angles ◽  
Quark Masses ◽  
The Third ◽  
Phase Parameter ◽  
Mass Matrices ◽  
Flavor Mixing

The flavor mixing of the quarks is described by the CKM matrix, which is parametrized by three mixing angles and one phase parameter. We discuss a new texture for the two mass matrices of the six quarks. The three flavor mixing angles can be calculated — they are functions of the ratios of the quark masses. The third mixing angle is given by the CKM matrix element [Formula: see text]. We find: [Formula: see text]. The calculated mixing angles agree with the mixing angles, measured in many experiments.

scholarly journals SURGICAL TREATMENT OF III–IV GRADE SCOLIOSIS WITH PLATE ENDOCORRECTOR

2006 ◽  
pp. 033-038
Author(s):  
Ravil Rafailovich Gatiatulin ◽  
Valentina Spiridonovna Lapinskaya ◽  
Vladimir Nikolayevich Shubkin ◽  
Timofey Viktorovich Frolyakin ◽  
Aleksandr Erikovich Kovalenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Deformity Correction ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Scoliotic Deformity ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Plate Breakage

Objectives. To analyze the efficacy of surgery using the original plate endocorrectors for III–IV grade idiopathic progressing scoliosis. Materials and methods. Two-plate endocorrector was used in surgical treatment of 380 patients. Out of them 171 patients at the age of 13–15 years had vertebral body apophysis ossification of stage 2–3 according to Risser’s test. Scoliosis was congenital in 12 patients (3.2 %) and idiopathic in 368 patients (96.8 %). The smallest coronal angle of curve according to Cobb was 40°, the largest one – 145°. Surgery of severe IV grade scoliotic deformity (curve angle of 60–90°) was performed in 178 patients. Results. Patients with non-removable instrumentation show the maintenance of post-surgical correction within 75–80% in long-term follow-up period (up to 9 years). Complications related to the plate endocorrector were observed in 9.8 % of cases: aseptic serous reaction induced by instability of the construct elements – in 3.7 %, plate breakage and release of endocorrector locking – in 5.3 %. Conclusion. Plate endocorrector of the third generation provides effective three-dimensional deformity correction for idiopathic III–IV grade scoliosis. The endocorrector does not prevent further spine growth in children after surgery.

scholarly journals LOW ENERGY DATA AND A MODEL OF FLAVOR MIXING

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 1487-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
EHAB MALKAWI ◽  
C.-P. YUAN
Keyword(s):  
B Mesons ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Boson Mass ◽  
Energy Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Quark Sector ◽  
Flavor Changing ◽  
Heavy Gauge Boson ◽  
Flavor Mixing ◽  
Gauge Boson Mass

We consider a model in which the third family fermions are subjected to an SU(2) interaction different from the first two family fermions. Constrained by the Z-pole data, the heavy gauge boson mass is bounded from below to be about 1.7 TeV at the 2σ level. In this model, the flavor mixing between τ and μ can be so large that [Formula: see text] and Br (τ→μμμ) provide a better constraint than the LEP/SLC data in some region of parameter space. Furthermore, flavor-changing neutral currents are unavoidable in the quark sector of the model. Significant effects to the [Formula: see text] mixing and the rare decays of the K and B mesons, such as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], Bs→τ+τ-, μ+μ- and Bs,d→μ±τ∓, are expected.

Based on the DT-CWT Transformation Methods for 3D-Nanometer Roughness Rating Reference

2013 ◽  
Vol 395-396 ◽  
pp. 769-773
Author(s):  
Zhi Ying Ren ◽  
Cheng Hui Gao ◽  
Jian Xing Lin ◽  
Ding Shen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reconstruction Error ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Alumina Film ◽  
The Third ◽  
Roughness Evaluation ◽  
Anodic Alumina Film ◽  
Complex Wavelet ◽  
Transformation Methods

This paper proposes the third generation wavelet--double tree complex wavelet (DT-CWT) transformation used in nanometer roughness rating, based on the explanation of the shortcomings of the current nanometer roughness rating reference and conventional three dimensional datum evaluations due to the insufficient study. The experiment got porous anodic alumina film as the object of surface roughness of nanotechnology study. Through the comparisons of the three generations of the wavelet reconstruction after the maximum reconstruction error, a conclusion can be made that the superiority of DT-CWT in application is very obvious, a result meeting the16% principle of the surface roughness rating on the bases of DT - CWT extracted datum to compute income parameters, which indicates the feasibility of this application to the extraction of the nano3-D roughness evaluation. Keywords: nanometer roughness;dual-tree complex wavelet;three dimensional datum

The orbit of Pluto over a long interval of time

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Orbit ◽  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Restricted Problem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Circular Restricted Problem ◽  
Resonance Relation

The paper presents a summary of the results obtained by C. J. Cohen and E. C. Hubbard, who established by numerical integration that a resonance relation exists between the orbits of Neptune and Pluto. The problem may be explored further by approximating the motion of Pluto by that of a particle with negligible mass in the three-dimensional (circular) restricted problem. The mass of Pluto and the eccentricity of Neptune's orbit are ignored in this approximation. Significant features of the problem appear to be the presence of two critical arguments and the possibility that the orbit may be related to a periodic orbit of the third kind.

Revealing gross three-dimensional structure in the SEM

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 656-657
Author(s):  
Sterling P. Newberry
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Small Object ◽  
Final Solution ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Three Dimensional Representation ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Critical Point Drying

The beautiful three dimensional representation of small object surfaces by the SEM leads one to search for ways to open up the sample and look inside. Could this be the answer to a better microscopy for gross biological 3-D structure? We know from X-Ray microscope images that Freeze Drying and Critical Point Drying give promise of adequately preserving gross structure. Can we slice such preparations open for SEM inspection? In general these preparations crush more readily than they slice. Russell and Dagihlian got around the problem by “deembedding” a section before imaging. This some what defeats the advantages of direct dry preparation, thus we are reluctant to accept it as the final solution to our problem. Alternatively, consider fig 1 wherein a freeze dried onion root has a window cut in its surface by a micromanipulator during observation in the SEM.

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