MEDICAL APPLICATION OF MULTI-BEAM COMPTON SCATTERING MONOCHROMATIC TUNABLE HARD X-RAY SOURCE

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 3988-3999
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Uesaka ◽  
Katsuhiro Dobashi ◽  
Fumito Sakamoto ◽  
Atsushi Fukasawa ◽  
Haruyuki Ogino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Compton Scattering ◽  
Optical Switch ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Professional School ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Electron Linear Accelerator ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Band

Compton scattering hard X-ray source which consists of an X-band (11.424 GHz) electron linear accelerator and YAG laser is under construction at Nuclear Professional School, the University of Tokyo. Monochromatic hard X-rays are required for variety of medical and biological applications. Our scheme of the hard X-ray source is to produce a monochromatic hard X-ray via collision between 35 MeV electron beam and 2.5 J/10 nsec Nd:YAG laser. In order to increase the efficiency of the X-ray yield, we adopt a laser pulse circulation system. In our case, the laser pulse circulation system can increase the X-ray intensity of up to 10 times. Main features of our scheme are to produce monochromatic tunable hard (10-40 keV) X-rays with the intensities of 108-109 photons/sec. In addition, X-ray energy can be changed with rapidly by 40 ms by introducing two different wavelength lasers (YAG fundamental (1064 nm), 2nd harmonic (532 nm)) and optical switch. This quick energy change is indispensable to living specimens and very difficult by a large SR light source and others. Dual-energy X-ray CT and subtraction X-ray CT are available to determine 3D distribution of atomic number density and electron density, and specified atomic distribution, respectively. Here, the construction status of the X-band beam line and the application plan of the hard X-ray are described and discussed.

MULTI-BEAM COMPTON SCATTERING MONOCHROMATIC TUNABLE HARD X-RAY SOURCE

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 559-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
MITSURU UESAKA ◽  
FUMITO SAKAMOTO ◽  
ATSUSHI FUKASAWA ◽  
HARUYUKI OGINO ◽  
TOMOHIKO YAMAMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Compton Scattering ◽  
Optical Switch ◽  
Professional School ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Electron Linear Accelerator ◽  
Yag Laser ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Band

Compton scattering hard X-ray source which consists of an X-band (11.424 GHz) electron linear accelerator and YAG laser is under construction at Nuclear Professional School, the University of Tokyo (UTNS). Monochromatic hard X-rays are required for variety of medical and biological applications. Our scheme of the hard X-ray source is to produce a monochromatic hard X-ray via collision between 35 MeV electron beam and 2.5 J/10 nsec Nd : YAG laser. In order to increase the efficiency of the X-ray yield, we adopt a laser pulse circulation system. In our case, the laser pulse circulation system can increase the X-ray intensity of up to 50 times. Main features of our scheme are to produce monochromatic tunable hard (10-40 keV) X-rays with the intensities of 108-109 photons/sec. In addition, X-ray energy can be changed with rapidly by 40 ms by introducing two different wavelength lasers (YAG fundamental (1064 nm), 2nd harmonic (532 nm)) and optical switch. This quick energy change is indispensable to living specimens and very difficult by a large SR light source and others. We designed a laser pulse circulation system to increase the X-ray yield 10 times higher (up to 108 photons/RF pulse, 109 photons/sec). It can be proved that the laser total increases 10 times higher by principle experiment with lower energy laser (25 mJ/pulse). Dual-energy X-ray CT and subtraction X-ray CT are available to determine 3D distribution of atomicc number density and electron density, and specified atomic distribution, respectively. Here, the construction status of the X-band beam line and the application plan of the hard X-ray will be reported.

LASER PULSE CIRCULATION SYSTEM FOR COMPACT MONOCHROMATIC TUNABLE HARD X-RAY SOURCE

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 4324-4332
Author(s):  
HARUYUKI OGINO ◽  
MENG DE ◽  
TOMOHIKO YAMAMOTO ◽  
FUMITO SAKAMOTO ◽  
KATSUHIRO DOBASHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Electron Linear Accelerator ◽  
Yag Laser ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Band ◽  
Rf Pulse ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The University

We are construcing a laser electron Compton scattering monochromatic tunable hard X-ray source. It consists of the X-band (11.424 GHz) electron linear accelerator and Q-switch Nd : YAG laser. This work is a part of the JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency) project. The whole system is a part of the national project on the advanced compact medical accelerator development, hosted by NIRS (National Institute for Radiological Science). The University of Tokyo and KEK are working for the X-ray source. Main advantage of this X-ray source is monochromatic tunable hard X-rays (10-50keV) with the intensities of 108-109 photons/s. The table-top size X-ray source can generate dual energy monochromatic hard X-ray by turns and it takes about 40ms to chage the X-ray energy. It is calculated that the X-ray intensity is 107 photons/RF-pulse (108 photons/s in 10 pps) by the 35MeV electron and YAG laser (2J/pulse). The X-band beam line for the demonstration is under construction. We designed a laser pulse circulation system to increase the X-ray yield 10 times higer (up to 108 photons/RF-pulse, 109 photons/s). It can be proved that the laser total energy increases 10 times higher by the principle experiment with the lower energy laser (25mJ/pulse).

scholarly journals Characterization of a bright, tunable, ultrafast Compton scattering X-ray source

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.V. HARTEMANN ◽  
A.M. TREMAINE ◽  
S.G. ANDERSON ◽  
C.P.J. BARTY ◽  
S.M. BETTS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Compton Scattering ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Full Width ◽  
Half Maximum ◽  
X Ray

The Compton scattering of a terawatt-class, femtosecond laser pulse by a high-brightness, relativistic electron beam has been demonstrated as a viable approach toward compact, tunable sources of bright, femtosecond, hard X-ray flashes. The main focus of this article is a detailed description of such a novel X-ray source, namely the PLEIADES (Picosecond Laser–Electron Inter-Action for the Dynamical Evaluation of Structures) facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. PLEIADES has produced first light at 70 keV, thus enabling critical applications, such as advanced backlighting for the National Ignition Facility andin situtime-resolved studies of high-Zmaterials. To date, the electron beam has been focused down to σx= σy= 27 μm rms, at 57 MeV, with 266 pC of charge, a relative energy spread of 0.2%, a normalized horizontal emittance of 3.5 mm·mrad, a normalized vertical emittance of 11 mm·mrad, and a duration of 3 ps rms. The compressed laser pulse energy at focus is 480 mJ, the pulse duration 54 fs Intensity Full Width at Half-Maximum (IFWHM), and the 1/e2radius 36 μm. Initial X rays produced by head-on collisions between the laser and electron beams at a repetition rate of 10 Hz were captured with a cooled CCD using a CsI scintillator; the peak photon energy was approximately 78 keV, and the observed angular distribution was found to agree very well with three-dimensional codes. The current X-ray dose is 3 × 106photons per pulse, and the inferred peak brightness exceeds 1015photons/(mm2× mrad2× s × 0.1% bandwidth). Spectral measurements using calibrated foils of variable thickness are consistent with theory. Measurements of the X-ray dose as a function of the delay between the laser and electron beams show a 24-ps full width at half maximum (FWHM) window, as predicted by theory, in contrast with a measured timing jitter of 1.2 ps, which contributes to the stability of the source. In addition,K-edge radiographs of a Ta foil obtained at different electron beam energies clearly demonstrate the γ2-tunability of the source and show very good agreement with the theoretical divergence-angle dependence of the X-ray spectrum. Finally, electron bunch shortening experiments using velocity compression have also been performed and durations as short as 300 fs rms have been observed using coherent transition radiation; the corresponding inferred peak X-ray flux approaches 1019photons/s.

Monochromatic tunable Compton scattering X-ray source using X-band multi-bunch linac and YAG laser circulation system

2007 ◽  
Vol 261 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 867-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Uesaka ◽  
Fumito Sakamoto ◽  
Katsuhiro Dobashi ◽  
Tatsuo Kaneyasu ◽  
Tomohiko Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compton Scattering ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Yag Laser ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Band

scholarly journals Effect on Compton Scattering Spectra by Hermite–Gaussian Light

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Akane Agui ◽  
Hiroshi Sakurai ◽  
Naruki Tsuji ◽  
Haruka Ito ◽  
Kiyofumi Nitta
Keyword(s):  
Compton Scattering ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Harmonic Order ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scattering Spectra

In this study, we measured the Compton scattering spectra of Al, Ag and Au metals changing the harmonic order of X-rays from an undulator. The width of the Compton scattered X-ray spectrum changed depending on the harmonic order of X-rays. This indicates that Compton scattering spectra shape reflects a momentum perpendicular to the traveling direction in Hermite–Gaussian (HG) light.

Visualization of microvessels by angiography using inverse-Compton scattering X-rays in animal models

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1327-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiharu Fujii ◽  
Naoto Fukuyama ◽  
Chiharu Tanaka ◽  
Yoshimori Ikeya ◽  
Yoshiro Shinozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compton Scattering ◽  
Photon Number ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inverse Compton Scattering ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Inverse Compton

The fundamental performance of microangiography has been evaluated using the S-band linac-based inverse-Compton scattering X-ray (iCSX) method to determine how many photons would be required to apply iCSX to human microangiography. ICSX is characterized by its quasi-monochromatic nature and small focus size which are fundamental requirements for microangiography. However, the current iCSX source does not have sufficient flux for microangiography in clinical settings. It was determined whether S-band compact linac-based iCSX can visualize small vessels of excised animal organs, and the amount of X-ray photons required for real time microangiography in clinical settings was estimated. The iCSX coupled with a high-gain avalanche rushing amorphous photoconductor camera could visualize a resolution chart with only a single iCSX pulse of ∼3 ps duration; the resolution was estimated to be ∼500 µm. The iCSX coupled with an X-ray cooled charge-coupled device image sensor camera visualized seventh-order vascular branches (80 µm in diameter) of a rabbit ear by accumulating the images for 5 and 30 min, corresponding to irradiation of 3000 and 18000 iCSX pulses, respectively. The S-band linac-based iCSX visualized microvessels by accumulating the images. An iCSX source with a photon number of 3.6 × 103–5.4 × 104times greater than that used in this study may enable visualizing microvessels of human fingertips even in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Nested Kirkpatrick–Baez (Montel) optics for hard X-rays

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 558-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Resta ◽  
Boris Khaykovich ◽  
David Moncton
Keyword(s):  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Compton Scattering ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Multilayer Mirrors ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inverse Compton Scattering ◽  
Inverse Compton ◽  
Proper Orientation

A comprehensive description and ray-tracing simulations are presented for symmetric nested Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) mirrors, commonly used at synchrotrons and in commercial X-ray sources. This paper introduces an analytical procedure for determining the proper orientation between the two surfaces composing the nested KB optics. This procedure has been used to design and simulate collimating optics for a hard-X-ray inverse Compton scattering source. The resulting optical device is composed of two 12 cm-long parabolic surfaces coated with a laterally graded multilayer and is capable of collimating a 12 keV beam with a divergence of 5 mrad (FWHM) by a factor of ∼250. A description of the ray-tracing software that was developed to simulate the graded multilayer mirrors is included.

scholarly journals Linearly polarized X-ray fluorescence computed tomography based on a Thomson scattering light source: a Monte Carlo study

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-745
Author(s):  
Zhijun Chi ◽  
Yingchao Du ◽  
Wenhui Huang ◽  
Chuanxiang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Compton Scattering ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Thomson Scattering ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pile Up ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Scattering Light

A Thomson scattering X-ray source can provide quasi-monochromatic, continuously energy-tunable, polarization-controllable and high-brightness X-rays, which makes it an excellent tool for X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT). In this paper, we examined the suppression of Compton scattering background in XFCT using the linearly polarized X-rays and the implementation feasibility of linearly polarized XFCT based on this type of light source, concerning the influence of phantom attenuation and the sampling strategy, its advantage over K-edge subtraction computed tomography (CT), the imaging time, and the potential pulse pile-up effect by Monte Carlo simulations. A fan beam and pinhole collimator geometry were adopted in the simulation and the phantom was a polymethyl methacrylate cylinder inside which were gadolinium (Gd)-loaded water solutions with Gd concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 4.0 wt%. Compared with the case of vertical polarization, Compton scattering was suppressed by about 1.6 times using horizontal polarization. An accurate image of the Gd-containing phantom was successfully reconstructed with both spatial and quantitative identification, and good linearity between the reconstructed value and the Gd concentration was verified. When the attenuation effect cannot be neglected, one full cycle (360°) sampling and the attenuation correction became necessary. Compared with the results of K-edge subtraction CT, the contrast-to-noise ratio values of XFCT were improved by 2.03 and 1.04 times at low Gd concentrations of 0.2 and 0.5 wt%, respectively. When the flux of a Thomson scattering light source reaches 1013 photons s−1, it is possible to finish the data acquisition of XFCT at the minute or second level without introducing pulse pile-up effects.

scholarly journals Pair Production in AGN

1989 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 194-196
Author(s):  
C. Done ◽  
A. C. Fabian
Keyword(s):  
Pair Production ◽  
Compton Scattering ◽  
Energy Flux ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Small Region ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Radiant Power

The X-ray luminosity and variability of many AGN are sufficiently extreme that any hard γ-rays produced in the source will collide with the X-rays and create electron-positron pairs, rather than escape. A small region where vast amounts of energy are produced, such as an AGN, is an ideal place to accelerate particles to relativistic energies and so produce γ-rays by Compton scattering. The observed X-ray spectra of AGN are hard and indicate that most of the luminosity is at the highest energies so that absorption of the γ-rays represents a large fraction of the energy flux, which can then be re-radiated at lower energies. Pairs can thus effectively reprocess much of the radiant power in an AGN.

TERAWATT LASER PULSE MULTIPLEXING FOR COMPTON SCATTERING X-RAY SOURCES

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. U. L. YU ◽  
D. NEWSHAM ◽  
J. ZENG ◽  
A. SMIRNOV ◽  
F. V. HARTEMANN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Compton Scattering ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Terawatt Laser
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