Improved social force model for rescue action during evacuation

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (25) ◽  
pp. 2050273
Author(s):  
Xiaoyong Tian ◽  
Hongjun Cui ◽  
Minqing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Main Direction ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Counter Flow ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Evacuation Time

There often exist behaviors of moving against the main direction of evacuation in order to rescue or find the important missing people in real situations. However, the traditional social force model (SFM) often lacks consideration of such “counter flow”. Motivated by this, we improve the traditional SFM to study the counter flow and its influence on evacuation out of multi-exit rooms. We call the person to be rescued “superior” and the rescuers “subordinate”. Two different rescue situations are proposed: superior waiting in place (case 1) and superior moving towards the exit (case 2). The results show that the counter flow will always reduce the evacuation efficiency to a certain extent, and the evacuation efficiency of case 1 is lower than that of case 2. At the same time, for these two cases, increasing the number of rescuers increases the evacuation time. We also find that the existence of counter flow can enlarge the effect of “faster-is-slower”, while increasing the number of exports can significantly improve the rescue efficiency. We hope that this result can help to improve the efficiency of emergency evacuation with rescue.

scholarly journals Influence of different merging angles of pedestrian flows on evacuation time

Fire Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Marques Lalane Nappi ◽  
Ivana Righetto Moser ◽  
João Carlos Souza
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Emergency Evacuations ◽  
Crowd Dynamics ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The growing number of fires and other types of catastrophes occurring at large events highlights the need to rethink safety concepts and also to include new ways to optimize buildings and venues where events are held. Although there have been some attempts to model and simulate the movement of pedestrian crowds, little knowledge has been gathered to better understand the impact of the built environment and its geometric characteristics on the crowd dynamics. This paper presents computer simulations about pedestrians’ crowd dynamics that were conducted based on the Social Force Model. The influence of different configurations of pedestrian flows merging during emergency evacuations was investigated. In this study, 12 designs with different merging angles were examined, simulating the evacuation of 400 people in each scenario. The Planung Transport Verkehr (PTV, German for Planning Transport Traffic) Viswalk module of the PTV Vissim software (PTV Group, Karlsruhe, Germany) program was adopted, which allows the employment of the Social Force approach. The results demonstrate that both symmetric and asymmetric scenarios are sensitive to the angles of convergence between pedestrian flows.

A social force evacuation model considering the effect of emergency signs

SIMULATION ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 723-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilu Yuan ◽  
Hongfei Jia ◽  
Linfeng Zhang ◽  
Lei Bian
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Herd Behavior ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
The Social ◽  
Improved Model

In this paper, we investigate the effect of emergency signs on evacuation dynamics under smoke conditions. We assume that in a smoky hall the visual field of pedestrians is limited to a certain range, and they do not know the exact location of the exit. In this kind of evacuation process, we analyze the influence of emergency signs on movement direction and speed, and the herd behavior of pedestrians. In the analysis, we divide the emergency signs into two types: the wall signs (WS) and the ground signs (GS). Then, we analyze the variation of pedestrian behavior when they encounter the WS, the GS, and the exit in the evacuation process. Combined with the analysis results, we build our improved model based on the social force model. In the simulation, we study the evacuation process in the case of WS and GS. According to the result of the simulation, we consider that the effect of the emergency signs on herd behavior and the desired speed is an important factor to improve evacuation efficiency. We find that, from the perspective of evacuation time, the evacuation in the case of WS is more efficient, but from the perspective of the interaction between pedestrians, the evacuation in the case of GS presents less security risk. Finally, we explore how to design a mixed layout scheme of WS and GS.

scholarly journals Simulation of pedestrian flow with evading and surpassing behavior in a walking passageway

SIMULATION ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1013-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolu Jia ◽  
Hao Yue ◽  
Xin Tian ◽  
Huanhuan Yin
Keyword(s):  
Critical Value ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Normal Velocity ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Velocity Magnitude ◽  
Triggering Conditions ◽  
Direct Collision

The pedestrian flow with evading and surpassing behavior in a walking passageway is simulated based on a modified social force model in order to explore the influence of this behavior on evacuation efficiency, bottleneck passing capacity, and the macroscopic phenomenon. A pair of conjugated self-driven forces is introduced to enable a pedestrian to avoid a direct collision and keep a normal velocity magnitude while confronting an obstacle. The pedestrian avoiding time is used to define the triggering conditions of evading and surpassing behavior, and has been estimated through practical experiments. Simulation results show that in a passageway without spatial obstacles, the evading and surpassing behavior will increase the evacuation time under the condition that the pedestrian number is larger than a critical value. Moreover, when a spatial obstacle exists, both the rise of pedestrian numbers and the decline of bottleneck width would increase the evacuation time. Meanwhile, it is observed that compared with a bar-shaped obstacle, a circle-shaped obstacle corresponds to a larger bottleneck passing capacity and less evacuation time when the size of the spatial obstacle is above a critical value. In addition, a phenomenon of a triangle “evading region” caused by the evading and surpassing behavior also can be observed before the spatial obstacle through simulation and experiments. Furthermore, it can be concluded that a circle-shaped obstacle corresponds to a stronger guiding function and a larger area of “evading region” compared with a bar-shaped one, and induces a relatively higher bottleneck passing capacity in a walking passageway.

scholarly journals Developing a revised social force model for pedestrians’ earthquake emergency evacuation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-356
Author(s):  
Junxue Zhou ◽  
Sha Li ◽  
Gaozhong Nie ◽  
Xiwei Fan ◽  
Chaoxu Xia
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model

scholarly journals A Study on Emergency Evacuation Plans for Multi-user Facilities by Using Social Force Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
신대섭 ◽  
Woo-Young Ahn ◽  
하동익 ◽  
Lee Seon Ha
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Evacuation Plans
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