evacuation plans
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Buildings ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Hafiz Suliman Munawar ◽  
Mohammad Mojtahedi ◽  
Ahmed W. A. Hammad ◽  
Michael J. Ostwald ◽  
S. Travis Waller

The Hawkesbury-Nepean Valley, Australia’s longest coastal catchment, is spanned by a river system of more than 470 km, that runs from Goulburn to Broken Bay, covering a total area of over 2.2 million hectares. This region has remained prone to flood events, with considerable mortalities, economic impacts and infrastructural losses occurring quite regularly. The topography, naturally variable climatic conditions and the ‘bathtub’ effect in the region are responsible for the frequent flood events. In response, the Government at the national/federal, state and local level has focused on the design of efficient flood risk management strategies with appropriate evacuation plans for vulnerable communities from hospitals, schools, childcare and aged care facilities during a flood event. Despite these overarching plans, specialized response and evacuation plans for aged care facilities are critical to reducing the loss incurred by flood events in the region. This is the focus of this present paper, which reviews the history of flood events and responses to them, before examining the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques during flood events to overcome the flood risks. An early flood warning system, based on AI/Machine Learning (ML) strategy is being suggested for a timely decision, enhanced disaster prediction, assessment and response necessary to overcome the flood risks associated with aged care facilities within the Hawkesbury-Nepean region. A framework entailing AI/ML methods for identifying the safest route to the destination using UAV and path planning has been proposed for timely disaster response and evacuation of the residents of aged care facilities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Soo-Kyung Shin ◽  
Young-Hoon Bae ◽  
Jun-Ho Choi

In long-term care hospitals, there are many patients with reduced mobility and the fire compartment is difficult, so there is a high possibility of large-scale casualties in the event of a fire. Various studies have been conducted to reduce these risks, but studies on problems related to evacuation safety and improvement measures are lacking. Therefore, this study intends to examine the problems related to evacuation safety through a fact-finding survey targeting two hospitals and to suggest improvement measures. As a result, problems related to 1) maintenance of fire doors, 2) establishment of a horizontal evacuation plan, 3) evacuation mechanism, and 4) recognition and implementation of worker evacuation plans were derived, and improvement measures for each problem were suggested.


2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012050
Author(s):  
M V Bolgov ◽  
A L Buber ◽  
A A Buber ◽  
E A Korobkina ◽  
E E Golovinov

Abstract For optimal water resources management of the Angara reservoirs cascade (a complex “Lake Baikal – Irkutsk, Bratsk, Ust-Ilimsk and Boguchansk reservoirs”) and water users provision in the MIKE 11 software a quasi-two-dimensional simulation hydrodynamic model of the Angara hydroelectric power stations (HPS) cascade from Lake Baikal to the Boguchansk HPS downstream, which is a tool for reproducing the features of the water flow hydrodynamic structure, was developed. A hydrodynamic computer model using the built-in module “Regulating structures” module makes it possible to form reasonable operating modes of the Angarsk cascade of reservoirs that meet the most significant requirements of water users: ecology, fisheries and utilities, transport and energy. Hydrodynamic calculations and the flood zones obtained in the GIS project of the territory showed that catastrophic phenomena in the floodplain and coastal zone of Irkutsk occur even when releases into the lower pool of the Irkutsk reservoir exceed 3200 m3/s. The developed hydrodynamic model of the Angarsk cascade of reservoirs makes it possible to determine the objects and floodplain areas most susceptible to flooding in the downstream of the Irkutsk HPS for further development of scientifically based measures to protect them, prevent flooding and develop evacuation plans in an emergency.


2021 ◽  
Vol 916 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
F Usman ◽  
K Murakami ◽  
F Shoimah ◽  
M A Nabila

Abstract The southern coast of Java Island, one of which is Sumbermanjing Wetan District, Malang Regency, is considered prone to the geological disaster tsunami. Sumbermanjing Wetan District is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean, a seismic gap zone that produces geological processes and high-intensity seismic activity that can trigger tsunami waves. On June 13, 2021, the COVID-19 outbreak in Sumbermanjing Wetan District recorded 90 suspected cases (two were hospitalized and the other 88 were self-isolating at home), and 38 were confirmed positive for COVID-19 (34 recovered and 4 died). This research focuses on evacuation plans for coastal areas from the threat of a tsunami during the pandemic and the new normal era. The sub-variables for determining the shelters include building area, type of building, ease of access, building construction, and capacity. The sub-variables for determining the evacuation route include road class, pavement type, and road width. Meanwhile, the sub-variables for implementing health protocols in the new normal era are maintaining distance, wearing masks, washing hands, special treatment for symptomatic refugees, and implementing other health protocols. The implementation of health protocols in evacuation activities will bring an impact on the reduction of the available shelter’s capacity. The study results indicate the need for additional new shelters to implement health protocols in the new normal era. With this addition, it will impact the travel time from the residential areas at risk of tsunami impacts to the shelters. One of the reasons is that the closest shelter to the residential area is already full of refugees, so the refugees have to move and evacuate to the other shelters that can still accommodate them.


2021 ◽  
Vol 925 (1) ◽  
pp. 012036
Author(s):  
D V Koswara ◽  
W Windupranata ◽  
I Meilano ◽  
I Hayatiningsih ◽  
N R Hanifa

Abstract Pangandaran Regency is a strategic area that supports various economic and social activities. However, the existence of this strategic area is threatened by the potential of tsunami disaster, especially from the megathrust along the South Coast of Java Island. One of the efforts to enhance tsunami preparedness is to conduct evacuation plan and drill. Based on previous tsunami occurrence, it is known that success of evacuation during disaster is still limited by lack of community knowledge, preparedness, and limited infrastructure such as informative evacuation route maps, evacuation signs and proper evacuation sites. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify people's behavior in carrying out evacuations and actual condition of the current evacuation infrastructure which is later be used to obtain comprehensive information as the basis for evacuation plans preparation. This study aims to disseminate questionnaires to 174 respondents in Pangandaran Tourism Area and map tsunami evacuation infrastructure. This study shows a high awareness of tsunami hazards, in which 82% of respondents choose to evacuate after experiencing an earthquake or getting an early tsunami warning. In addition to the result, some respondents still do not know the route or evacuation site. Uninformed shelter destination and route choice result in potential congestion on the main roads, which slows evacuation by compromising survival rates. Three Pangandaran official TES can accommodate approximately 11,900 people, while the capacity of alternative TES if utilized 100% can accommodate 21,291 people. This indicates that the official TES and the new Alternative TEST can accommodate the villagers and some of tourists if the number of tourists reaches the maximum. Therefore, the existing building can be utilized as Temporary Evacuation Sites. Furthermore, there is a call to evacuation signs maintenance, in which some signs are currently in inappropriate condition such as damaged or show misleading information.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costanza Bonadonna ◽  
Ali Asgary ◽  
Franco Romerio ◽  
Tais Zulemyan ◽  
Corine Frischknecht ◽  
...  

Abstract. Evacuation planning and management represents a key aspect of volcanic crises because it can increase people protection as well as minimize the potential impact on the economy, properties, and infrastructure of the affected area. Assessment of evacuation scenarios that consider human and economic impact is best done in a pre-disaster context as it helps authorities develop evacuation plans and make informed decisions outside the highly stressful time period that characterizes crises. We present an agent-based simulation tool that assesses the effectiveness of different evacuation scenarios using Vulcano island (Italy) as a case study. Simulation results show that the overall time needed to evacuate people should be analysed together with the percentage of people evacuated as a function of time and that a simultaneous evacuation on Vulcano is more efficient than a staged evacuation. We also present a model to assess the economic impact of evacuation as a function of evacuation duration and starting period that reveals that an evacuation of Vulcano would cause significant economic impact to the tourism industry if lasting more than 3 months (in case it was initiated at the beginning of the visitor season) to 1 year (in case it was initiated at the end of the visitor season).


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 866-873
Author(s):  
Chang Yeon Bae ◽  
◽  
Kenichiro Kobayashi

There is an increasing demand for establishing pre-emptive measures for disaster management. However, there is a lack of support systems available for vulnerable individuals living in disaster-prone regions in Korea. This study constructs a multi-agent simulation model to analyze the evacuation time for Dongnae district and Yeonje district in Busan, Korea. In disaster-prone regions, vulnerable people experience difficulties, such as, obtaining updated information about the disaster situation, and this reduces their evacuation speed. Additionally, there is a possibility that the evacuation speed, while evacuating vulnerable people, may decrease due to environmental and geographic factors, including the slope and elevation of the areas. Therefore, this section of the society requires special attention and policies that are different from those made for people who may not face such calamities and are physically abled. An analysis based on factors such as road slopes and delays in evacuation due to flooding, was conducted to formulate realistic evacuation plans for people who are vulnerable. The location of shelters in the case of flooding in Dongnae and Yeonje district, have been better identified. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the evacuation time could be reduced if wide-area evacuation is implemented. This study provides a base for developing suitable shelters and evacuation plans for disaster-prone regions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6818
Author(s):  
Denise Blake ◽  
Julia S. Becker ◽  
Darrin Hodgetts ◽  
Kenneth J. Elwood

Apartment dwelling is on the increase in many cities in Aotearoa New Zealand, including those in earthquake-prone regions. Hence it is important that people working in disaster management and housing improve their understanding on how the living situations of apartment dwellers influence their disaster management practices. This knowledge is crucial for efforts to promote safety and preparedness. This paper explores what enables and constrains apartment dwellers in their ability to prepare for an earthquake. Eighteen people were interviewed who resided in Te Whanganui-a-Tara (Wellington) two years after the 2016 7.8 magnitude (Mw) Kaikōura earthquake. Of central concern was people’s ability to prepare for disasters and access knowledge about building and structural safety and how this knowledge mattered to what apartment dwellers were able to prepare for. We found that the agency to prepare was dependent on whether people owned or rented their dwellings. We report on participant accounts of dealing with body corporations, landlords, emergency kits, other emergency items, and evacuation plans.


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