Dynamics of Conflicts in Family Firms: Towards a Non-Linear Approach to the Succession Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 79-107
Author(s):  
Hedi Yezza ◽  
Didier Chabaud ◽  
Andrea Calabrò
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Linear Approach ◽  
Succession Process ◽  
Longitudinal Case Studies ◽  
Tunisian Family

The succession process can be a traumatic event in the life cycle of a family firm and is usually characterised by an increased interest towards the firm of the successor accompanied by a progressive disengagement of the predecessor. Drawing on five longitudinal case studies of Tunisian family firms examined from 2016 to 2019, we investigated the sequential and dynamic nature of this process, focusing on the conflicts among family members involved in the process. The main findings suggest that professional and family-related conflicts can lead to excessive tensions between the involved parties, which can result in failure of the succession process. Moreover, specific contingency factors, such as tragic events, can positively or negatively trigger deviation from the succession process path.

Managing Generational Handover in Family Business

2021 ◽  
pp. 244-263
Author(s):  
Barbara Barabaschi ◽  
Franca Cantoni ◽  
Roberta Virtuani
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Succession Process ◽  
Hr Function ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this chapter is to highlight the peculiarities of the succession in family-owned businesses and to discuss the main difficulties encountered by second and third-generation entrepreneurs during the succession process. By the use of direct interviews, the authors collected information about the specific role played by the multiplicity of stakeholders involved, first of all the HR function and the relationship with non family employees. The case studies analysed consider family firms that are managing their succession process. Two generations coexist in two cases with family members belonging to different branches of the same family. Non-family managers and employees represents a fundamental stakeholder that influence the success and sustainability of the succession process. One aim of the chapter is to analyse how the HR practices have changed during the succession process considering how the successors entered and integrated with non-family managers and employees according to the management for stakeholders approach.

GENERATIONAL SUCCESSION: EXAMPLES FROM TUNISIAN FAMILY FIRMS

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 127-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
SALMA FATTOUM ◽  
ALAIN FAYOLLE
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Generational Change ◽  
The Family ◽  
Succession Process ◽  
Generational Succession ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Tunisian Family

The family character gathers firms whose weight in the economic activity of countries is considerable for developed countries as well as for the others. However, this type of firm is exposed to not only the threats that challenge all types of firms but they must also face dangers related to their family nature. Several American and European studies were interested in the succession issues associated with family businesses. However, this topic received very little theoretical and empirical investigation in developing countries. In Tunisia, the push in favor of private firms was given in the 60s. Nearly 50 years later, those entrepreneurs who had received state aid to start their businesses are about to retire. How is this dealt with? How is succession "guaranteed"? Hard as it may be to speculate on the outcome of this succession, can we at least describe its phases first and then consider the factors that could have an impact on it? These central questions to Tunisia's economy have yet to be answered academically. Our aim, in this paper, is to improve our understanding of the nature of the relation between the founder and his successor during the process of succession in the Tunisian family business while proposing reflections to be carried out to make a success of this generational change. Our paper is organized as follows. The first part will be an analysis of the literature on family firms and the succession process. In the second part, we will introduce the methodological aspects of our study, which was conducted on six Tunisian family firms at different stages of the succession process. In the third part, we will present and discuss the results.

A Study of Succession in a Family Firm

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Ibrahim ◽  
K. Soufani ◽  
J. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Case History ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Family Members ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Family Firm ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Succession Process

For many founders of family firms, the decision to retire and relinquish control of the business to their offspring is difficult. Pierre Peladeau founded Quebecor Inc., a family business and a communications leader in the new economy. The present research describes the reluctance of the founder to let go of the business to his offspring and the succession process after the death of the founder. The methodology employed is a combination of case history and study of public documents. The study underscores the need to manage conflict between family members and to plan for succession for the next generation effectively.

scholarly journals Young children’s language-based agency in multilingual contexts in Luxembourg and Israel

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mila Schwartz ◽  
Claudine Kirsch ◽  
Simone Mortini
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Educational Settings ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Linguistic Backgrounds ◽  
Longitudinal Case Studies

AbstractDrawing on two longitudinal case-studies, this study aimed to identify some salient characteristics of the agentic behaviour of two young emergent multilinguals in two different multilingual contexts: Luxembourg and Israel. Despite the fact that the studies were conducted independently, the two cases were analysed together owing to the similarities in the research methods such as video-recorded observations, and semi-structured interviews with teachers and parents. The data were analysed through thematic and conversational analyses. Findings showed that a boy who learned Luxembourgish in Luxembourg and a girl who learned Hebrew in Israel, were outgoing and active learners who influenced their learning environment. We identified 10 types of agentic behaviour, including engaging in repetition after peers and the teacher, creatively producing language, translanguaging, and self-monitoring. Despite differences of the children’s sociocultural and linguistic backgrounds, and the language policies of their educational settings, we found a striking overlap in their language-based agentic behaviours. We suggest that the identified types can encourage further research in this field. Although our study with talkative children allowed us to observe many types of agentic behaviours, we cannot claim that less outgoing children or children who do not show the same behaviours do not have ways of expressing their agency.

Software-driven Security Attacks: From Vulnerability Sources to Durable Hardware Defenses

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Lauren Biernacki ◽  
Mark Gallagher ◽  
Zhixing Xu ◽  
Misiker Tadesse Aga ◽  
Austin Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Security Attacks ◽  
Specific Point ◽  
Security Vulnerabilities ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Hardware Realization ◽  
Over Time

There is an increasing body of work in the area of hardware defenses for software-driven security attacks. A significant challenge in developing these defenses is that the space of security vulnerabilities and exploits is large and not fully understood. This results in specific point defenses that aim to patch particular vulnerabilities. While these defenses are valuable, they are often blindsided by fresh attacks that exploit new vulnerabilities. This article aims to address this issue by suggesting ways to make future defenses more durable based on an organization of security vulnerabilities as they arise throughout the program life cycle. We classify these vulnerability sources through programming, compilation, and hardware realization, and we show how each source introduces unintended states and transitions into the implementation. Further, we show how security exploits gain control by moving the implementation to an unintended state using knowledge of these sources and how defenses work to prevent these transitions. This framework of analyzing vulnerability sources, exploits, and defenses provides insights into developing durable defenses that could defend against broader categories of exploits. We present illustrative case studies of four important attack genealogies—showing how they fit into the presented framework and how the sophistication of the exploits and defenses have evolved over time, providing us insights for the future.

A systematic review of life cycle assessment of hydrogen for road transport use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyah Ika Rinawati ◽  
Alexander Ryota Keeley ◽  
Shutaro Takeda ◽  
Shunsuke Managi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Hybrid Lca ◽  
Complete Life Cycle

Abstract This study conducted a systematic literature review of the technical aspects and methodological choices in life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of using hydrogen for road transport. More than 70 scientific papers published during 2000–2021 were reviewed, in which more than 350 case studies of use of hydrogen in the automotive sector were found. Only some studies used hybrid LCA and energetic input-output LCA, whereas most studies addressed attributional process-based LCA. A categorization based on the life cycle scope distinguished case studies that addressed the well-to-tank (WTT), well-to-wheel (WTW), and complete life cycle approaches. Furthermore, based on the hydrogen production process, these case studies were classified into four categories: thermochemical, electrochemical, thermal-electrochemical, and biochemical. Moreover, based on the hydrogen production site, the case studies were classified as centralized, on-site, and on-board. The fuel cell vehicle passenger car was the most commonly used vehicle. The functional unit for the WTT studies was mostly mass or energy, and vehicle distance for the WTW and complete life cycle studies. Global warming potential (GWP) and energy consumption were the most influential categories. Apart from the GREET (Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation) model and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for assessing the GWP, the Centrum voor Milieukunde Leiden method was most widely used in other impact categories. Most of the articles under review were comparative LCA studies on different hydrogen pathways and powertrains. The findings provide baseline data not only for large-scale applications, but also for improving the efficiency of hydrogen use in road transport.

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