Intellectual Property Protection OF NATURAL PRODUCTS

2004 ◽  
Vol 08 (10) ◽  
pp. 540-545
Author(s):  
Albert Wai Kit Chan ◽  
Jason Chih-Sheng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Intellectual Property Protection ◽  
Trade Secrets ◽  
Plant Patents

The article discusses about trade secrets, trademarks and patents and plant patents. It is about the intellectual property protection while dealing with natural products.

scholarly journals Intellectual Property Protection of Pelargoniums

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-290
Author(s):  
Richard Craig
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Intellectual Property Protection ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Trade Secrets ◽  
International Union ◽  
International Protection ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Plant Patents

Pelargoniums represent a major floricultural crop in international markets. Intellectual property protection in the form of U.S. plant patents (200 since 1980) and European breeders' rights have been used for asexually propagated Pelargoniun. In addition, the hundreds of F', hybrid seed-reproduced cultivars are protected as trade secrets. International protection through the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) and the use of utility patents will accelerate breeding efforts; however, issues such as “essentially derived” and the farmer and research exemptions still must be resolved.

Intellectual Property Rights

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
Vijay Laxmi ◽  
Mary Shobha Rani Inala
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Intellectual Property Protection ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Trade Secrets ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Professional Guidance

Intellectual property rights (IPRs) denote distinct types of conceptions of the mind for which property rights are documented. Basic and clinical scientists at research institutions often make ideas that have health benefits if developed and applied to the improvement of human wellbeing. Therefore, learning the basics of intellectual property protection and obtaining professional guidance in its management avoids such losses with a minimal burden of confidentiality on the investigator by using any of the mechanisms (patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and know-how agreements). The probability of scientific findings becoming accessible for public benefit is low without suitable intellectual property protection. This reality is particularly true in the life sciences and biotechnology arenas comparative to other areas of science, and hence, it is a prerequisite to know about intellectual property rights and their significance for better development.

scholarly journals Does Intellectual Property Protection Bring Advantage to Innovators And Consumers? Perceptions of Kenyan Small Agro-Food Processors

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Sc. Francis Okumo Omillo ◽  
LL.M. Yufunalis Okubo
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Intellectual Property Protection ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Plant Patents

Enriching understanding of the complex relationship between intellectual property protection and local perceptions on how it benefits innovator and consumer in food value chain is an important policy effort towards food security and economic development of an agricultural society. This paper concerns intellectual property of small entrepreneurs as an intangible human capital that would spurs their ingenuity and innovation in processing foods to feed the exponentially growing population. The study sampled opinions of 132 micro and small agro-food processors in Kenya on intellectual property and its effect on developing advantageous products for them and consumers. Patent and trade secret were used as predictors of advantageous products. The two variables were modeled using linear regression techniques to find their effects on food products that would end starvation and generate enough income for the innovators (advantageous products). The study found out that the contribution of trade secrets was positive and patenting inverse to both the innovator and customer at marketplace. In the opinion of agro-food processors, intellectual property protection did not significantly influence the advantage of food products to the innovator and the end user. This implies that, small scale agro-food processors have not fully appreciated the importance of intellectual property rights. Therefore the study suggests the food processors are sensitized and current intellectual property legal framework be enhanced to promote innovation among the micro and small entrepreneurs. Borrowing from United States and China, the administration of intellectual property protection should be a one-stop-shop for policy development and enforce laws and all other intellectual proprietary matters. Interested further studies could be done on trade mark, copyrights and plant patents.

scholarly journals The Mondrian Cake: may Intellectual Property protect signature food?

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-184
Author(s):  
Maria Victória Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Intellectual Property Protection ◽  
Unfair Competition ◽  
Trade Secrets ◽  
Fiduciary Duties ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Trade Dress ◽  
The Difference

Taking the example of the Mondrian Cake, in this article we distinguish recipes from presentation of signature dishes, as well as cookbooks, menus and restaurants and aim to know what can be protected by Intellectual Property (e.g. copyright, patents, designs, trademarks, trade dress, trade secrets, general rules against unfair competition or even nondisclosure agreements and fiduciary duties). Regarding copyright, we emphasise the difference between USA and Continental Copyright approach. For situations where some kind of Intellectual Property protection is possible, we question enforcement and if all type of protection is desirable. What we conclude about food applies to beverages.

scholarly journals The Mondrian Cake: may Intellectual Property protect signature food?

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-184
Author(s):  
Maria Victória Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Intellectual Property Protection ◽  
Unfair Competition ◽  
Trade Secrets ◽  
Fiduciary Duties ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Trade Dress ◽  
The Difference

Taking the example of the Mondrian Cake, in this article we distinguish recipes from presentation of signature dishes, as well as cookbooks, menus and restaurants and aim to know what can be protected by Intellectual Property (e.g. copyright, patents, designs, trademarks, trade dress, trade secrets, general rules against unfair competition or even nondisclosure agreements and fiduciary duties). Regarding copyright, we emphasise the difference between USA and Continental Copyright approach. For situations where some kind of Intellectual Property protection is possible, we question enforcement and if all type of protection is desirable. What we conclude about food applies to beverages.

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