Effect of sintering temperature on the dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties of SnO2-doped Bi0.5(Na0.8K0.2)0.5TiO3 lead-free ceramics

Sintered lead-free [Formula: see text]([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]O3 ceramics (BNKTS) have been fabricated via a solid-state reaction. The effect of sintering temperature on the structural, morphological, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties of BNKTS ceramics was investigated, and it was found that the electrical properties of the synthesized ceramics increased with the increase in the sintering temperature, and the highest values were achieved at [Formula: see text]C. The ceramics sintered at the optimized temperature of [Formula: see text]C exhibited the best physical, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties, namely, high density (the relative density, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g.cm[Formula: see text], approximate to 96.7% of the theoretical value), high densification factor ([Formula: see text]), high dielectric constant ([Formula: see text]), low dielectric loss (tan[Formula: see text]), highest dielectric constant ([Formula: see text]), high remanent polarization ([Formula: see text]C.cm[Formula: see text], high coercive field ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kV/cm), high energy storage density (0.12[Formula: see text]J/cm[Formula: see text], and high energy storage efficiency (41.7% at 46.3[Formula: see text]kV/cm).