scholarly journals Validation and analysis procedures for juxtaposition and membrane fault seals in oil and gas exploration

2019 ◽  
Vol 496 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Titus A. Murray ◽  
William L. Power ◽  
Anthony J. Johnson ◽  
Greg J. Christie ◽  
David R. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Fault Rock ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Hydrocarbon Traps ◽  
Entry Pressure ◽  
Fault Leakage ◽  
Capillary Entry Pressure

AbstractWe propose and validate methods for risk analysis of fault-bounded hydrocarbon traps in exploration. We concentrate on cross-fault leakage and consider lateral seals due to (1) juxtaposition and (2) high capillary-entry-pressure fault rock (membrane seal). We conclude that stochastic methods for fault seal analysis are essential, due to the large number of structural and stratigraphic parameters and the uncertainties. Central to the methods proposed is a Monte Carlo simulation which models geometrical and stratigraphic uncertainty. Multiple Allan maps (fault-parallel cross-sections) are produced and analysed for juxtaposition and shale gouge ratio (SGR). For validation, known discoveries with independently observed hydrocarbon–water contacts (IHWC) have been back-analysed. We present two case studies in this paper, and an additional 40 case studies are summarized (four public domain and 36 confidential case studies). The model outputs were compared with the IHWC. Juxtaposition analysis with no SGR contribution gives the smallest error. The inclusion of any fault rock seal mechanisms (such as SGR) matches or increases predicted hydrocarbon column heights compared to juxtaposition and gives larger errors. We conclude there is no reason to include fault rock membrane seals in exploration prospect risking.

scholarly journals Static Geological Modelling with Knowledge Driven Methodology

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3802
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Xiaoying Zhang ◽  
Bin Lu ◽  
Raheel Ahmed ◽  
Qian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Fracture Network ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Soft Data ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Hard Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Modelling ◽  
Exploration And Production

Geological modelling is an important topic of oil and gas exploration and production. A new knowledge driven methodology of geological modelling is proposed to address the problem of “hard data” limitation and modelling efficiency of the conventional data driven methodology. Accordingly, a new geological modelling software (DMatlas) (V1.0, Dimue, Wuhan, China) has been developed adopting a grid-free, object-based methodology. Conceptual facies models can be created for various depositional environments (such as fluvial, delta and carbonates). The models can be built largely based on geologists’ understandings with “soft data” such as outcrops analysis and geological maps from public literatures. Basic structures (fault, folds, and discrete fracture network) can be easily constructed according to their main features. In this methodology, models can be shared and re-used by other modelers or projects. Large number of model templates help to improve the modelling work efficiency. To demonstrate the tool, two case studies of geological modelling with knowledge driven methodology are introduced: (1) Suizhong 36-1 field which is a delta depositional environment in Bohai basin, China; (2) a site of the north Oman fracture system. The case studies show the efficiency and reliability within the new methodology.

OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION IN ALABAMA, GEORGIA, AND FLORIDA

Geophysics ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Reflection Seismic ◽  
Southern Florida

The discovery of the Pollard oil field in southern Alabama early in 1952 sparked a campaign of leasing and exploration which spread quickly into Georgia and Florida. Three fields in southwestern Alabama and one in southern Florida account for all the oil production in the three states. Some aspects of the general geology and geophysics of the area, illustrated with maps, cross sections, and correlation charts, suggest the presence of geologic conditions favorable for the possible trapping and accumulation of oil and gas. Early seismograph exploration in much of the area was not effective, but in recent months the tempo of seismic activity has been accelerating, and improvements in instrumental and interpretive techniques are being achieved through current experimental work. The use of the various geophysical methods contributed to the discovery of the four oil fields located in the area. The structural traps indicated by the contour maps of the four fields are of the type sought by the reflection seismic method. Examples of representative reflection records indicate the presence of usable and correlatable seismic events. A seismic cross section prepared from data of this type shows the fault zone associated with the Pollard field. The existence of favorable geologic conditions in the southeastern states and the recent oil field successes at Pollard and South Carlton indicate the continuing of active development and exploration throughout the area.

scholarly journals Fault seal behaviour in Permian Rotliegend reservoir sequences: case studies from the Dutch Southern North Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 496 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. van Ojik ◽  
A. Silvius ◽  
Y. Kremer ◽  
Z. K. Shipton
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Core Sample ◽  
Permian Basin ◽  
Reservoir Rocks ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Entry Pressure ◽  
Capillary Entry Pressure ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Membrane Sealing

AbstractPermian Rotliegend reservoir rocks are generally characterized by high net/gross (N/G) ratios, and faults in such sand-dominated lithologies are typically not considered likely to seal. Nevertheless, many examples of membrane sealing are present in Rotliegend gas fields in the Southern Permian Basin. This manuscript reviews examples of membrane sealing in the Dutch Rotliegend; it presents an extensive dataset of petrophysical properties of Rotliegend fault rocks and analyses two case studies using commonly used workflows.Fault (membrane) seal studies have been carried out on two Rotliegend fields to test the level of confidence and uncertainty of prediction of ‘across fault pressure differences’ (AFPD) based on existing SGR-based algorithms. From the field studies it is concluded that observable small AFPDs are present and that these are likely pre-production AFPDs due to exploration-time scale trapping and retention of hydrocarbons. Two shale gouge ratio (SGR)-based empirical algorithms have been used here to estimate AFPDs in lower N/G reservoir intervals with the aim of predicting membrane seal behaviour, and these results are compared to field data. It is concluded the selected SGR-based tools predict AFPD for Upper Rotliegend lower N/G reservoir rocks with reasonable results. Nonetheless, the core sample datasets show a much wider range of permeability and capillary entry pressure than predicted by the selected SGR transforms. This highlights the potential to modify existing workflows for application to faults in high N/G lithologies. Data sharing and collaboration between industry and academics is encouraged, so that in the long run workflows can be developed specifically for faults in high N/G lithologies.

scholarly journals REGARDING REAL PROSPECTS FOR DISCOVERING NEW DEPOSITS AND INCREASING OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION IN THE WESTERN REGION OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
L. S. Monchak ◽  
S.H. Anikeiev ◽  
G.O. Zhuchenko ◽  
T. V. Zderka ◽  
Yu. L. Monchak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
Gas Fields

The article deals with the research of the potential of oil-and-gas content within the Western Ukrainian oil and gas region.  The main directions and ways of increasing oil and gas production are determined. Consequently, the discovery of new hydrocarbon fields is the major direction to boost oil and gas production. The issue of the discovery of new oil and gas fields is suggested to divide into the following directions: a search for oil and gas fields at shallow depths (short-term prospect), a search for oil and gas fields at mid-depths and a search for oil and gas fields at great depths (the main prospects of increasing oil and gas production). The geological and geophysical data were thoroughly analyzed throughout structural and tectonic units within the Western region of Ukraine with the aim of substantiating the prospects of their oil-and-gas content and introduction of new directions of oil-and-gas exploration. The prospects of oil-and-gas content of the Neogene and the Mesozoic deposits of the exterior of the pre-Carpathian depression and flysch of the interior of the pre-Carpathian depression are provided. The prospects of oil-and-gas content of the Cretaceous and the Paleogene deposits of folded Carpathians are characterized. The promising directions for further oil-and-gas exploration within indicated tectonic elements of Carpathian region are identified; the top priority project sites are suggested. Wildcat drilling and further oil-and-gas exploration are strongly recommended for all identified project sites. The research has identified the most promising exploration project sites. All of them are illustrated with appropriate maps and cross-sections. Thus, the most promising ones at shallow depths (up to 2000 m) are the following ones: South-Slyvkinske, Anhelivka, Hoshiv and Verkhnii Hutyn elevations. At mid-depths there are Pechenizhyn, Kliuchiv, Uhilnia and Boratychi elevations. At depths over 4000 m there are the following ones: Horodyshche structure, Posada, Dubliany, South-Lopushnia, Biskiv, Sloboda-Dolyna and Mizhrichchia elevations, Pidrezhzhia and Dobromyl-Strilbychi structures. The assessment of the resource potential of identified exploration project sites was done.

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