OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION IN ALABAMA, GEORGIA, AND FLORIDA

Geophysics ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Reflection Seismic ◽  
Southern Florida

The discovery of the Pollard oil field in southern Alabama early in 1952 sparked a campaign of leasing and exploration which spread quickly into Georgia and Florida. Three fields in southwestern Alabama and one in southern Florida account for all the oil production in the three states. Some aspects of the general geology and geophysics of the area, illustrated with maps, cross sections, and correlation charts, suggest the presence of geologic conditions favorable for the possible trapping and accumulation of oil and gas. Early seismograph exploration in much of the area was not effective, but in recent months the tempo of seismic activity has been accelerating, and improvements in instrumental and interpretive techniques are being achieved through current experimental work. The use of the various geophysical methods contributed to the discovery of the four oil fields located in the area. The structural traps indicated by the contour maps of the four fields are of the type sought by the reflection seismic method. Examples of representative reflection records indicate the presence of usable and correlatable seismic events. A seismic cross section prepared from data of this type shows the fault zone associated with the Pollard field. The existence of favorable geologic conditions in the southeastern states and the recent oil field successes at Pollard and South Carlton indicate the continuing of active development and exploration throughout the area.

scholarly journals The use of the method of controlling the electrochemical parameters of aqueous solutions to combat complications in the operation of oil field pipelines

2021 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Oleg Latypov ◽  
Sergey Cherepashkin ◽  
Dina Latypova
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Electrochemical Parameters ◽  
Very High

Corrosion of equipment in the oil and gas complex is a global problem, as it contributes to huge material costs and global disasters that violate the environment. Corrosion control methods used to protect equipment do not always ensure the absolute safety of the operation of oil and gas facilities. Moreover, they are quite expensive. The developed method for controlling the electrochemical parameters of aqueous solutions to combat complications during the operation of oil-field pipelines provides the necessary protection against corrosion. The method is economical and environmentally friendly, since it does not require the use of chemical reagents. The test results have shown a very high efficiency in dealing with complications in oil fields.

THE GIPPSLAND OIL AND GAS FIELDS—FOUR YEARS OF PRODUCTION AND UTILISATION

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
M. A. Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
The State ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Paper Mills

The discovery by the partnership of Esso Exploration and Production Australia Inc. and Hematite Petroleum Pty Ltd during the past eight years of the natural gas and crude oil fields off the east Victorian coast has often been compared to that of gold in the State in the 1850's in its impact .on the economic, industrial and social life of the community.To date the amount spent in the State on the discovery and overall development of these fields is approximately $600 million. The value of oil and gas recovered over the period of nearly four years since production commenced in 1969 and distributed and utilised by various means to 31 December 1972, amounts to about $500 million. In addition the value of refined products from Victoria's three refineries and items produced by industrial processes through the use of natural gas and petroleum products as fuels, amount to many more millions of dollars. The total impact on Victoria in one form or another could, if measured in monetary value, he equivalent to about $1200 million-all in the course of about eight years.Other States have also benefited. The building of tankers, barges, tugs and work boats and the modification of refineries in New South Wales and Queensland, have probably cost in the region of $200 million whilst indirectly the success of the Gippsland oil and gas discoveries has spurred other explorers to step up the search in many areas and, as far as natural gas is concerned, with considerable success.The speed and efficiency with which the four gas and oil fields developed to date were brought into production, the necessary treatment plants erected, the pipelines laid and distribution facilities organised; and with which the gas industry changed over to the new fuel and refineries modified their processes to use indigenous crudes have, by world standards, been exceptional. From the time the first gas field-Barracouta, was found in February 1965 until the last oil field in the program -Kingfish came fully on stream late in 1971, less than seven years elapsed.During that time Victorian fuel patterns underwent vast changes. Today over 95% of all gas consumers are using natural gas and about 70% of crude processed by local refineries comes from the Gippsland Basin. The significance of natural gas in particular is demonstrated by a 41% increase in gas sales in Victoria in 1971/72 over the previous twelve months and this trend is expected to accelerate as a result of recent arrangements for the supply of large volumes of this fuel to industrial plants including paper mills, cement works and an alumina smelter.Also of major significance to the State has been the development of the port of Western Port where the loading of tankers and LPG carriers has resulted in it becoming the State's second busiest port. Of less immediate impact but still of great value in the long term, has been the building of better roads and facilities needed to service the installations and the emergence of many valuable skills in the petroleum industry which will make easier the task of future development of new fields and facilities in Victoria and other parts of Australia.

GEOPHYSICAL PROGRESS

Geophysics ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry C. Cortes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
First Year ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
Gravity And Magnetic ◽  
Electrical Prospecting ◽  
Made In

Histories or reviews covering the period from 1922, the first year of petroleum geophysics in the United States, to 1940 were ably presented by Eckhardt, Macelwane and Weatherby at the Society of Exploration Geophysicists’ Annual Meeting of the latter year. This paper deals mainly with advances in geophysics since 1940. Marked progress has been made in the amount of geophysical activity, in the number of new oil fields discovered per year based wholly or partially on geophysics, in geophysical techniques, and in education. Improvements in instrumentation, field operational procedures, and interpretation methods have steadily increased the usefulness of the three major methods—seismic, gravity, and magnetic. The development of the aerial magnetometer, especially, and the underwater gravimeter represent notable achievements. These developments have made possible the extension of geophysical activity offshore, and in many other areas previously considered inaccessible. Advances have also been made in logging, particularly in the radioactivity type, geochemistry and electrical prospecting. Research, both fundamental and applied, is being conducted on a greater scale now than in 1940 or prior thereto. Increased geological‐geophysical coordination has led to better appreciation and utilization of the geophysical methods and has resulted in the discovery of important oil and gas reserves. Novel or more direct oil finding methods may possibly be discovered or perfected. It is more probable, however, that the future of exploration geophysics will be primarily in the continual refinement of the present known methods. Advances in exploration geophysics and geology, along with teamwork, should insure adequate production and reserves within the United States for a long period. This is predicated on our nation having competitive free enterprise, which has been responsible for the leadership of this country in oil finding, producing, transporting and refining techniques.

scholarly journals Validation and analysis procedures for juxtaposition and membrane fault seals in oil and gas exploration

2019 ◽  
Vol 496 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Titus A. Murray ◽  
William L. Power ◽  
Anthony J. Johnson ◽  
Greg J. Christie ◽  
David R. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Fault Rock ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Hydrocarbon Traps ◽  
Entry Pressure ◽  
Fault Leakage ◽  
Capillary Entry Pressure

AbstractWe propose and validate methods for risk analysis of fault-bounded hydrocarbon traps in exploration. We concentrate on cross-fault leakage and consider lateral seals due to (1) juxtaposition and (2) high capillary-entry-pressure fault rock (membrane seal). We conclude that stochastic methods for fault seal analysis are essential, due to the large number of structural and stratigraphic parameters and the uncertainties. Central to the methods proposed is a Monte Carlo simulation which models geometrical and stratigraphic uncertainty. Multiple Allan maps (fault-parallel cross-sections) are produced and analysed for juxtaposition and shale gouge ratio (SGR). For validation, known discoveries with independently observed hydrocarbon–water contacts (IHWC) have been back-analysed. We present two case studies in this paper, and an additional 40 case studies are summarized (four public domain and 36 confidential case studies). The model outputs were compared with the IHWC. Juxtaposition analysis with no SGR contribution gives the smallest error. The inclusion of any fault rock seal mechanisms (such as SGR) matches or increases predicted hydrocarbon column heights compared to juxtaposition and gives larger errors. We conclude there is no reason to include fault rock membrane seals in exploration prospect risking.

GEOPHYSICAL HISTORY OF PARENTIS OIL FIELD, FRANCE

Geophysics ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raoul Vajk ◽  
George Walton
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Gravity Anomalies ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Standard Oil Company ◽  
Aquitaine Basin ◽  
Surface Geology ◽  
Gravity Map

In 1951, the French Government granted an exclusive exploration permit to the Esso R.E.P. (a Standard Oil Company affiliate) over an area of 4,357,980 acres around Bordeaux in the northern part of the Aquitaine Basin, France. This area was investigated first by surface geology; then it was surveyed by the gravity meter. In checking the gravity anomalies by the reflection seismograph, a subsurface structure was found at Parentis in 1953, which was drilled in 1954, and was proved to be oil bearing. The Parentis oil field is the most important oil field, not only in France, but in all Europe outside the Iron Curtain. Gravity map, seismograph map, seismic profiles, telluric map and geological contour maps, and cross sections of the Parentis structure are presented.

scholarly journals Initial exploration of Hydrocarbon resources by Gravity Data: A Case Study in the South of Qom Province, Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Payam Salimi
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Residual Gravity ◽  
3D Geometry ◽  
Residual Gravity Anomaly ◽  
Matlab Programming

Geophysical methods widely used in oil and gas exploration. Modeling of gravity data is used extensively to illustrate the geometry and interface between the sediments and bedrock. Which can help the salt dome, anticline folds, dome-shaped uplift of the continental platform and reef masses to be identified. There are various methods to illustrate the bedrock topography, and we will describe one of these methods in present paper. Using the upward continuation, we extract the residual gravity anomaly which in fact shows the local effect of bedrock gravity on the observed gravity. Then, according to the Oldenburg - Parker method, the residual gravity data are inversed and finally the 3D geometry the bedrock is illustrated. It should be noted that some software's like Surfer and Excel are used in this research but the program main code is written using Matlab programming.

scholarly journals Severe corrosion of carbon steel in oil field produced water can be linked to methanogenic archaea containing a special type of [NiFe] hydrogenase

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Lahme ◽  
Jaspreet Mand ◽  
John Longwell ◽  
Ramsey Smith ◽  
Dennis Enning
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Qpcr Assay ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Methanococcus Maripaludis ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Mechanistic Understanding

ABSTRACTMethanogenic archaea have long been implicated in microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) of oil and gas infrastructure, yet a first understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms has only recently emerged. We surveyed pipeline-associated microbiomes from geographically distinct oil field facilities and found methanogens to account for 0.2 – 9.3% of the sequenced communities. Neither the type nor the abundance of the detected methanogens correlated to the perceived severity of MIC in these pipelines. Using fluids from one pipeline, MIC was reproduced in the laboratory, both under stagnant conditions and in customized corrosion reactors simulating pipeline flow. High corrosion rates (up to 2.43 mm Fe0 yr−1) with macroscopic, localized corrosion features were attributed to lithotrophic, mesophilic microbial activity. Other laboratory tests with the same waters yielded negligible corrosion rates (< 0.08 mm Fe0 yr−1). Recently a novel [NiFe] hydrogenase, from Methanococcus maripaludis strain OS7, was demonstrated to accelerate corrosion. We developed a specific qPCR assay and detected the gene encoding the large subunit of this hydrogenase (labelled micH) in corrosive (> 0.15 mm Fe0 yr−1) biofilms. The micH gene on the other hand was absent in non-corrosive biofilms despite an abundance of methanogens. Reconstruction of a nearly complete Methanococcus maripaludis genome from a highly corrosive mixed biofilm revealed micH and associated genes in near-identical genetic configuration as strain OS7, thereby supporting our hypothesis that the encoded molecular mechanism contributed to corrosion. Lastly, the proposed MIC biomarker was detected in multiple oil fields, indicating a geographically widespread involvement of this [NiFe] hydrogenase in MIC.IMPORTANCEMicroorganisms can deteriorate built environments, which is particularly problematic in the case of pipelines transporting hydrocarbons to industrial end users. MIC is notoriously difficult to detect and monitor and as a consequence, is a particularly difficult corrosion mechanism to manage. Despite the advent of molecular tools and improved microbial monitoring strategies for oil and gas operations, specific underlying MIC mechanisms in pipelines remain largely enigmatic. Emerging mechanistic understanding of methanogenic MIC derived from pure culture work allowed us to develop a qPCR assay that distinguishes technically problematic from benign methanogens in a West African oil field. Detection of the same gene in geographically diverse samples from North America hints at the widespread applicability of this assay. The research presented here offers a step towards a mechanistic understanding of biocorrosion in oil fields and introduces a binary marker for (methanogenic) MIC that can find application in corrosion management programs in industrial settings.

scholarly journals HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING AS ONE OF THE DECISION METHODS FOR THE EFFICIENT DEVELOPMENT OF OIL FIELDS

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
O. R. Kondrat ◽  
O. A. Lukin
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Oil Field Exploitation ◽  
Exploitation System

Oil production is a complex process that requires modern technologies, work experience and responsible personnel to implement cost-effective projects. Oil field exploitation processes stimulation or modeling is a method for researching exploitation objects on their analogs (models) in order to determine characteristics of available projected objects and make them distinct. The main objective of this research is to explore possibility and establishment of hydrodynamic stimulation results application effectiveness as a factor for decisions-making concerning oil or gas fields exploitation. The research, regarding optimization of oil field exploitation system, outlined the main directions and possibilities of oil extraction from depleted oil fields enhancement, and the hydrodynamic stimulation process as the main tool for solving such problems. The study of efficiency of oil and gas field development presupposed developing geological and technological model of a hypothetical deposit with technological indicators of a real Ukraine deposit. The hydrodynamic model was adapted for all wells according to actual data. All geological and technological measures, carried out in the sight, were also modelled. Field exploitation history was adapted. Oil field exploitation system was optimized by improving the reservoir pressure enhancement system in the real field. Different variants of field exploitation were  considered. They include the conversion of the producing well in the injection well, whereas the well in the vaulted part is injected.

scholarly journals GEODYNAMICS

GEODYNAMICS ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2(11)2011 (2(11)) ◽  
pp. 158-160
Author(s):  
S. P. Levashov ◽  
◽  
M. A. Yakymchuk ◽  
I. M. Korchahin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Special Method ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electric Resonance ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Aerial Mapping ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic

The mobile geophysical technology include a special method of the remote sensing data processing and interpreting, aerial mapping method of the forming short-pulsed electromagnetic field (FSPEF), method of vertical electric-resonance sounding (VERS). Inclusion of such technologies in traditional complex of exploration geological-geophysical methods will promote both minimization of the financial expenses on the oil-and-gas exploration problems solving, and essential reduction of time for their practical realization.

Technical and Economic Feasibility Study for Implementing a Novel Mooring-Assisting Methodology in Offloading Operations Using Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
G. S. Ramos ◽  
M. F. Pinto ◽  
E. S. S. de Souza ◽  
G. B. Machado ◽  
G. G. R. de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Operational Risks ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Limiting Parameters

Summary As oil and gas exploration goes toward deeper fields in the Brazilian industry scenario, offloading operations emerge as the most viable option to drain production. However, these operations demand expensive resources, such as shuttle tankers and support boats; operational risks, which despite being managed, limited, and mitigated to be as low as reasonably possible, are still present in some stages (i.e., ship’s approximation to the oil rig, mooring, hose connection, and so forth); and environment limiting parameters (i.e., wave height, surface-current direction, wind speed and direction, and so forth). Therefore, in this paper, we propose using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in an autonomous mode to carry out the messenger line from the shuttle tanker to the floating, production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) unit or the floating storage and offloading unit (FSO) instead of line-handling (LH) boats (for conventional operations that use those resources) or the messenger-cable-launching guns (for dynamic positioning operations). This represents a viable alternative solution to reducing costs and risks in these tasks and a possibility to eliminate some meteorologic and oceanographic limiting conditions to operations, because the UAV will be susceptible only to wind conditions, and not to sea and visibility conditions, like LHs are. We present the simulated results of the proposed methodology using a robotic operating system (ROS) and the economic gain [derived from cash-flow-cost reducing of operations, payoff time of the investment, net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return] of applying this technology, evaluating its use in a realistic scenario based on a real deepwater oil field in Brazil. The developed controller behaves very well, and simulations showed robust results. In addition, the economic study presents the proposal’s attractiveness.

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