Morphological types in the Deccan Volcanic Province, India: implications on emplacement dynamics of continental flood basalts

2021 ◽  
pp. SP518-2020-246
Author(s):  
Vivek S. Kale ◽  
Gauri Dole ◽  
Shilpa Patil Pillai ◽  
Poushali Chatterjee ◽  
Makarand Bodas
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Flood Basalt ◽  
Deccan Volcanic Province ◽  
Flood Basalts ◽  
Volcanic Province ◽  
Continental Flood Basalts ◽  
Substrate Topography ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiple Pulses ◽  
Stacking Patterns

AbstractWe review and compare morphologies from continental basaltic lavas, using examples from the Deccan Volcanic Province to compile their internal configurations, mutual associations and compare them. The mechanism of endogenous transfer of lava within an insulating (rapidly developed) crust provides an efficient mode of dispersal of the molten lava in flood basalts. The growth of the lava flow can be achieved by a single extrusion or by multiple pulses of endogenous emplacement that enable the lava to efficiently spread over large areas and thicken.We show that the morphology of a lobe manifests the response of the molten lava to several parameters (including volumetric rate of emplacement, substrate topography, viscosity, vapour loss, etc) that govern the dynamics and cooling history of basaltic lava after it starts to spread on the surface. The lateral transition from one morphology to another within lobes of a lava flow is a testimony to the interactive response of the lava dynamics and rheology to variation in the local systems in which they were emplaced. The morphologies do not evolve as rigid partitioned categories from ‘áā and pāhoehoe lava types’ but as parametric progression of interactive variations in the spreading and cooling lava.A hierarchical recognition of lobes, flows and flow fields and mapping of the morphology (and their lateral transition or continuity) combined with the stacking patterns provides the volcanological framework for a sound stratigraphic mapping of flood basalts. Such an architectural documentation of flood basalt provinces will lead to robust models of their eruptive histories.

scholarly journals Exceptional Multi Stage Mineralization of Secondary Minerals in Cavities of Flood Basalts from the Deccan Volcanic Province, India

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berthold Ottens ◽  
Jens Götze ◽  
Ralf Schuster ◽  
Kurt Krenn ◽  
Christoph Hauzenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flows ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Deccan Volcanic Province ◽  
Flood Basalts ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Volcanic Province ◽  
Secondary Minerals ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Ar Geochronology

Flood basalts of the Deccan Volcanic Province erupted between about 67.5 to 60.5 Ma ago and reached a thickness of up to 3500 m. The main part consists of compound and simple lava flows with a tholeiitic composition erupted within 500,000 years at about 65 Ma. Within the compound lava flows, vesicles and cavities are frequent. They are filled by secondary minerals partly of well development and large size. This study presents data on the secondary mineralization including detailed field descriptions, optical, cathodoluminescence and SEM microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, fluid inclusions, C and O isotope analyses, and Rb-Sr and K-Ar geochronology. The investigations indicate a multistage precipitation sequence with three main stages. During stage I clay minerals and subsurface filamentous fabrics (SFFs), of probably biogenic origin, formed after the lava flows cooled down near to the Earth’s surface. In stage II, first an assemblage of calcite (I) and zeolite (I) (including mordenite, heulandite, and stilbite) as well as plagioclase was overgrown by chalcedony, and finally a second calcite (II) and zeolite (II) generation developed by burial metamorphism by subsequent lava flows. Stage III is characterized by precipitation of a third calcite (III) generation together with powellite and apophyllite from late hydrothermal fluids. Rb-Sr and K-Ar ages of apophyllite indicate a large time span for stage III. Apophyllite formed within different time intervals from the Paleogene to the early Miocene even within individual lava flows at certain localities. From the Savda/Jalgaon quarry complex, ages cluster at 44–48 Ma and 25–28 Ma, whereas those from the Nashik area are 55–58 Ma and 21–23 Ma, respectively.

scholarly journals Intrusion Induced Global Warming Preceding Continental Flood Basalt Volcanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochuan Tian ◽  
W Buck
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Flood Basalt ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Mass Extinctions ◽  
Flood Basalts ◽  
Continental Flood Basalt ◽  
Major Phase ◽  
Continental Flood Basalts ◽  
Temporal Correlations ◽  
Crustal Density

Abstract Temporal correlations between continental flood basalt eruptions and mass extinctions are well known 1. Massive carbon degassing from volcanism of Large Igneous Provinces can cause catastrophic global climatic and biotic perturbations 1–3. However, recent more accurate dating of the Deccan Traps 4 and Columbia River Basalts 5 challenges this causal link by showing that global warming preceded the major phase of flood basalts eruptions by several hundred thousand years. Here, we argue that major eruptions of continental flood basalts may require densification of the crust by intrusion of larger volumes of magma than are extruded. Simple models show that magma crystallization and release of CO2 from such intrusions could produce global warming before the main phase of flood basalt eruptions on the observed timescale. Being consistent with many geological, geophysical, geochemical and paleoclimate data, our model suggests that the evolving crustal density has a first order control on timing of the major phase of continental flood basalt volcanism while the preceding intrusion induced underground degassing of CO2 plays a significant role in controlling the Earth's climate and habitability.

Vertebrate biodiversity of the Deccan volcanic province of India: A review

2012 ◽  
Vol 183 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guntupalli V.R. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Flood Basalt ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Deccan Traps ◽  
Mass Extinctions ◽  
Deccan Volcanic Province ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Volcanic Province ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Faunal Diversity

Abstract The Deccan Traps of peninsular India, representing one of the largest flood basalt eruptions on the earth's surface, have been a subject of intensive research in the last three decades because of the attributed link between the Deccan Traps and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary mass extinctions. In this context, the biota from the sedimentary beds intercalated with the volcanic flows and underlying the oldest volcanic flow are more important for understanding the faunal diversity and palaeobiogeography of India during the time span of volcanic eruptions. A detailed review of the vertebrate faunal diversity of the Deccan volcanic province is presented here.

Rapid changes from arid to humid conditions during the onset of the Paraná-Etendeka Igneous Provinces: Can volcanic gas emissions from Continental Flood Basalts affect the precipitation regime?

2021 ◽  
pp. SP520-2020-176
Author(s):  
V. G. P. Cruz ◽  
E. F. Lima ◽  
L. M. M. Rossetti ◽  
N. G. Pasqualon
Keyword(s):  
Flood Basalt ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
Flood Basalts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Continental Flood Basalts ◽  
Igneous Province ◽  
Volcaniclastic Rocks ◽  
Supplementary Material

AbstractDespite the intriguing correlation between Continental Flood Basalts (CFB) provinces and environmental crises, little is known about how the local/regional sedimentary systems and environment respond to flood basalt volcanism. Active sedimentary systems, and their interaction with volcanism, provides an important rock record to understand palaeoenvironments in volcanic settings. The Paraná-Etendeka Igneous Province is a well-known example of a CFB emplaced on a dry desert environment, but evidence has also shown the existence of humid conditions during the volcanic episode. This work describes and interprets non-volcanic sedimentary and volcaniclastic rocks interbedded with Paraná-Etendeka Igneous Province lavas in southernmost Brazil to better understand palaeoenvironmental process and changes during the onset of volcanism. Non-volcanic sedimentary rocks record the existence of ephemeral sheet-like flows and ponds/lakes while volcaniclastic rocks documents hydromagmatic activity, supporting a change to more humid conditions. Stratigraphic constrains indicate that this change started with the onset of volcanism and affected the whole province. We suggest that SO2 degassing from Paraná-Etendeka province may have caused a net global surface cooling resulting in precipitation redistribution and a local increase in rainfall. This hypothesis may help explaining the cooling and increased humidity observed elsewhere to be closely related with the Paraná-Etendeka emplacement.Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5505710

A Review of Outline on Spectroscopic vis-a-vis Geochemical Study of Earth Analogues for Mars

2017 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Shovan L. Chattoraj
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Deccan Basalt ◽  
Deccan Volcanic Province ◽  
Volcanic Province ◽  
Secondary Origin ◽  
Geochemical Study ◽  
History Of

It is widely recognized that interpretations about the planet Mars must begin by using Earth as a reference, because Earth analogues can provide ground truth to constrain interpretations on the geological history of Mars. Fortunately, Deccan Basalt and its derivatives, exposed in Kutch area of Gujarat, can be considered as best candidate from Indian subcontinent to approximate this analogue in terms of petrology, stratigraphy and geochemical similarity. It is believed that Deccan Volcanic province with its extensive volcanic plains, cones and craters as well as abundant hydrous sulphates of secondary origin, approximates the geological, geomorphological and environmental conditions on the Mars.

scholarly journals Continental Flood Basalts and Rifting: Geochemistry of Cenozoic Yemen Volcanic Province

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (10) ◽  
pp. 1459-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Mattash ◽  
L. Pinarelli ◽  
O. Vaselli ◽  
A. Minissale ◽  
M. Al-Kadasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Basalts ◽  
Volcanic Province ◽  
Continental Flood Basalts
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