scholarly journals Embedding effect systems in Haskell

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Orchard ◽  
Tomas Petricek
Keyword(s):  
Embedding Effect

scholarly journals Embedding effect systems in Haskell

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Orchard ◽  
Tomas Petricek
Keyword(s):  
Embedding Effect

scholarly journals Contingent Valuation: Is Some Number Better than No Number?

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A Diamond ◽  
Jerry A Hausman
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Embedding Effect ◽  
Better Than

Without market outcomes for comparison, internal consistency tests, particularly adding-up tests, are needed for credibility. When tested, contingent valuation has failed. Proponents find surveys tested poorly done. To the authors’ knowledge, no survey has passed these tests. The ‘embedding effect’ is the similarity of willingness-to-pay responses that theory suggests (and sometimes requires) be different. This problem has long been recognized but not solved. The authors conclude that current methods are not suitable for damage assessment or benefit-cost analysis. They believe the problems come from an absence of preferences, not a flaw in survey methodology, making improvement unlikely.

scholarly journals Strong Embedding Effect of Decalin Walls on Cation Complexation in Crown Ethers

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 3635-3636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Kobiro ◽  
Mitsuru Takahashi ◽  
Shigeki Takada ◽  
Yoshinobu Odaira ◽  
Yoshikane Kawasaki
Keyword(s):  
Crown Ethers ◽  
Cation Complexation ◽  
Strong Embedding ◽  
Embedding Effect

scholarly journals An economic valuation of access to cultural institutions: museums, theatres, and cinemas

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-587
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Wiśniewska ◽  
Wiktor Budziński ◽  
Mikołaj Czajkowski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Non Market Valuation ◽  
Embedding Effect

Abstract Cultural institutions are the main beneficiaries of public funds for culture. However, cultural policies suffer from ‘adhocism’ in the administration of institutions, which are often publicly owned and receive little recognition of the benefits that society gains from their use. The aim of this study is to provide the measurement of the use value of access to cultural institutions. Based on the observed individual attendances and their costs, a two-stage budgeting model is employed to estimate the change in consumer surplus related to the loss of access to cinemas, museums, and theatres in Warsaw, Poland. It is the first non-market valuation of cinemas in the existing literature. The inclusion of institutions’ entire markets helps to overcome the bias caused by the embedding effect and the availability of substitutes, which affects many single-site valuations. The estimated use values are compared with the subsidies received by the three groups of cultural institutions. Results reveal substantial benefits provided by cinemas, although cinemas are nearly excluded from the circulation of public support. The estimated use value is enough to justify subsidies for both highly subsidised sectors of museums and theatres. The estimation of use values serves as a starting point for the evaluation of the use of public resources.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Analysis Methods for the Encapsulation Efficiency of Amylose Inclusion Compound

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Feng ◽  
Fangfang Liu ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Haining Zhuang ◽  
Ran Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Inclusion Compound ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric ◽  
Melting Method ◽  
Important Index ◽  
Embedding Effect

Recently amylose has drawn much attention as a potential vehicle for the nanoencapsulation of different flavor molecules, and the encapsulation efficiency of the complex is an important index for the evaluation of its embedding effect. In this study, three different methods for assessing encapsulation efficiency of amylose-flavor complexes were compared. We chose heptanol and menthone as the flavor molecules, as both of them exhibit a typical odor. The complexes were prepared by the melting method, and their structures were characterized by XRD. In addition, the encapsulation efficiency was determined by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), potentiometric titration (PT), and headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography (HS-SPME-GC), respectively. The results showed that PT results were within the reported literature range while HS-SPME-GC seemed to overestimate the results and TGA results were the lowest. What is more, the operations of TGA and PT were relatively simple and the results were reproducible, while the HS-SPME-GC method displayed excellent high sensitivity. Therefore, PT method is the best method for assessing encapsulation efficiency of amylose-flavor complexes.

Helical Buckling of Slender Beam Structures Surrounded by an Elastic Medium

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Harasawa ◽  
M. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Medium ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Beam Structures ◽  
Buckling Modes ◽  
Helical Buckling ◽  
Embedding Effect

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to investigate analytically the buckling phenomena of slender beam structures embedded in an elastic medium. In such cases, there is a possibility that spiral-shaped buckling modes can occur due to the restraining effect of the surrounding medium. As a result of analytical investigations, helical buckling occurs radically. Furthermore the pitch of the helix does not fluctuate as the radius of the helix increases. The interesting mechanical implications of the embedding effect are demonstrated by the theoretical approach established in this study.

Development and Optimization of Attapulgite Clay Based Microencapsulation for Lactic Acid Bacteria by Response Surface Methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuping Zhao ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Yunqi Feng ◽  
Muhammad Bilal
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
External Gelation ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Embedding Rate ◽  
Embedding Effect

AbstractLactic acid bacteria (LAB), screened and purified from the fermented yogurt, were microencapsulated in sodium alginate (SA) and attapulgite composite microcapsules by external gelation to increase their viability and stability. Surface characterization by scanning electron microscope clearly evidenced a high number of the LAB embedded in SA/attapulgite composite microcapsules than SA counterparts due to a more cohesive structure, and biocompatible microenvironment. SA/attapulgite and CaCl2/attapulgite composites analysis revealed a better embedding effect of attapulgite blend with SA solvent compared with attapulgite mixed with CaCl2. Influence of three major factors including SA, calcium chloride, and attapulgite concentration on LAB embedding rate were optimized by “single factor strategy” as well as response surface methodology (RSM). Optimal conditions of these factors obtained by RSM were SA (1.03 %), Attapulgite (0.28 %), and CaCl2 concentration (1.17 %). The related embedding rate was predicted as 87.1369 %, and the actual measured value was 91.24 % by experiments using the optimal conditions. In conclusion, the results revealed that LAB microencapsulation in the SA and attapulgite composite might display noteworthy protection against the gastrointestinal environment.

The Embedding Effect of Transformational Leadership in Extreme Contexts

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 11396
Author(s):  
Marion B. Eberly ◽  
Dustin J Bluhm ◽  
Cristiano L. Guarana ◽  
Bruce J. Avolio
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Extreme Contexts ◽  
Embedding Effect
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