Changes in Brain Water Diffusion during the 1st Year of Life: Finally Starting to Understand Age- and Brain Tissue–related Normative Data

Radiology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 222 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Santiago Medina
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Water Diffusion ◽  
Brain Water

scholarly journals Avian egg latebra as brain tissue water diffusion model

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan E. Maier ◽  
Dimitris Mitsouras ◽  
Robert V. Mulkern
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Water Diffusion ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Avian Egg

scholarly journals Brain-water diffusion coefficients reflect the severity of inherited prion disease

Neurology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 658-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hyare ◽  
S. Wroe ◽  
D. Siddique ◽  
T. Webb ◽  
N. C. Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prion Disease ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Water Diffusion ◽  
Brain Water

scholarly journals Parthenolide Is Neuroprotective in Rat Experimental Stroke Model: Downregulating NF-κB, Phospho-p38MAPK, and Caspase-1 and Ameliorating BBB Permeability

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lipeng Dong ◽  
Huimin Qiao ◽  
Xiangjian Zhang ◽  
Xiaolin Zhang ◽  
Chaohui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Brain Water Content ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Ischemic Brain Tissue ◽  
Brain Water

Inflammatory damage plays an important role in cerebral ischemic pathogenesis and may represent a target for treatment. Parthenolide (PN) has been proved to elicit a wide range of biological activities through its anti-inflammatory action in the treatment of migraine, arthritis, and atherosclerosis. To decide whether this effect applies to ischemic injury in brain, we therefore investigate the potential neuroprotective role of PN and the underlying mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into Saline, Vehicle, and PN groups and a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was used. PN administered intraperitoneally immediately after cerebral ischemia and once daily on the following days. At time points after MCAO, neurological deficit, infarct volume, and brain water content were measured. Immunohistochemistry, western blot and RT-PCR were used to analyze the expression of NF-κB and caspase-1 in ischemic brain tissue. Phospho-p38MAPK and claudin-5 were detected by western blot. The results indicated that PN dramatically ameliorated neurological deficit, brain water content, and infarct volume, downregulated NF-κB, phospho-p38MAPK, and caspase-1 expressions, and upregulated claudin-5 expression in ischemic brain tissue.Conclusions.PN protected the brain from damage caused by MCAO; this effect may be through downregulating NF-κB, phosho-p38MAPK, and caspase-1 expressions and ameliorating BBB permeability.

Changes in Brain Water Diffusion during the 1st Year of Life

Radiology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 222 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten P. N. Forbes ◽  
James G. Pipe ◽  
C. Roger Bird
Keyword(s):  
Water Diffusion ◽  
Brain Water

The Brain as a Sponge: A Computed Tomographic Look at Hakim's Hypothesis

Neurosurgery ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Penn ◽  
James W. Bacus
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Ct Density ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Water ◽  
Adjacent Brain

Abstract Hakim's hypothesis, which explains the brain's adaptation to pressure in hydrocephalus and the enlargement of ventricular volume, was studied with computed tomographic (CT) scanning. The critical element in the theory is that brain water decreases when there is a pressure gradient within brain tissue. Extraaxial hematomas uniformly increase the CT density of adjacent brain tissue, and this is best explained by water shifts out of the tissue. In hydrocephalus cases studied early after shunting (10 days or less), a decrease in ventricular volume is accompanied by an overall decrease in the CT density of the brain. These CT changes support Hakim's view of the brain as a sponge that can change its hydration under pathological conditions.

scholarly journals Brain water diffusion coefficients and diffusion anisotropy in non-demented patients with diffuse leuko-araiosis.

1998 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Toshikazu Tsuganesawa ◽  
Hironaka Igarashi ◽  
Shin Kitamura ◽  
Akiro Terashi
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Water Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Anisotropy ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Brain Water

The determination of brain water content: microgravimetry versus drying-weighing method

1982 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Shigeno ◽  
Mario Brock ◽  
Shuku Shigeno ◽  
Emanuel Fritschka ◽  
Jorge Cervós-Navarro
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Brain Water Content ◽  
Automatic Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Weighing Method ◽  
Brain Water

✓ The microgravimetric technique and the drying-weighing method for the determination of brain water content are analyzed and compared. A new method has been devised for the automatic production of the gradient column. For gravimetry, tissue samples weighing more than 30 mg have proven adequate for measurement. Specific gravity (SG) should be determined as early as 1 minute after tissue is inserted into the gradient column. Calculations of cerebral blood volume (CBV) from changes in SG of both brain tissue and intravascular perfusate have shown that the SG of brain tissue is considerably influenced by changes in CBV. This is because the SG of blood is higher than that of brain tissue, and may lead to a decrease of SG of about 0.002 in anemic cortex and of 0.001 in anemic white matter, which will simulate a false increase in tissue volume as water of 4% and 2%, respectively. This methodological error may be relevant when the early stages of ischemic brain edema development are studied. Water content of brain tissue can also be determined with acceptable accuracy by vacuum freeze-drying samples of brain tissue weighing about 100 mg. In contrast to cortex, white matter shows a wide range of individual and regional differences in water content. Thus, conclusions on the presence of brain edema drawn from tissue water determinations should always be subjected to cautious analysis and criticism.

The Relationship Between the Expression of Serum S100A8/A9 and the Degree of Brain Injury in Rats After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 860-864
Author(s):  
Yu Zeng ◽  
Hongyu Duan ◽  
Yujiang Peng ◽  
Bo Shao ◽  
Xijun He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Brain Water Content ◽  
Sham Operation Group ◽  
Operation Group ◽  
Brain Water

This study is to investigate the expression of serum S100A8/A9 in rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and its correlation with brain injury after CPR. Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n = 6), cardiopulmonary resuscitation group (n = 24) and sham operation group (n = 6). The cardiopulmonary resuscitation group was further divided into four subgroups according to the time after recovery of autonomous circulation: 6-hour group, 12-hour group, 24-hour group and 48-hour group, with 6 rats in each group. The rats in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation group was conducted by asphyxia then given cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), while the rats in the sham operation group were given tracheal intubation without asphyxia. The rats in each group were assessed by modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS). The vein blood from tail was collected to detect the expression of serum S100A8/A9. Then the brain tissue was taken to measure the water content. Our results showed that the neurological function of the sham-operated group and the control group was normal, the mNSS scores of which were 0. However, the neurological function score in the CPR group decreased gradually with time, but it was still significantly higher than that in the normal value until 48 hours (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in brain water content between the sham-operated group and the control group (P > 0.05). The water content of brain tissue in sham-operated group was higher than that in control group at 6 h, and the amount was increasing as the time extended. The level reached the highest at 24 h and started to decrease at 48 h, but the it was still higher than that in sham-operated group (P < 0.05). The expression level of serum S100 A8/A9 in sham-operated group was slightly higher than that in control group, but there was no statistical difference (P > 0.05); The expression level of S100 A8/A9 in cardiopulmonary resuscitation group was significantly higher than that in control group at 6 h, and still increased at 24 h. Although the level decreased at 48 h, but was still higher than that in sham operation group (P < 0.05). The mNSS score and brain water content were significantly positively correlated with serum S100 A8/A9 (r = 0.48, P < 0.001; r = 0.63, P < 0.001). In conclusion, the level of serum S100A8/A9 in rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation is significantly increased, which is positively correlated with the degree of brain injury in rats.

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