scholarly journals Cardanol-Based Salophen-Modified Electrode for Analysing Nitric Oxide Bioavailability under Nitrosative Stress Conditions

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristides Reis ◽  
André Santos ◽  
Amison Souza ◽  
Luiz Arrais Junior ◽  
Heberty Facundo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Transient Behavior ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Great Sensitivity ◽  
Modified Carbon Paste Electrode ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Abstract High levels of nitric oxide (NO) can signal nitrosative stress, but its analysis is challenging considering the high reactivity, short half-life and transient behavior of this target molecule in biological milieu. In this work, a cardanol-based salophen-modified carbon paste electrode (CDN-salophen/MCPE) was developed and successfully applied to assess NO bioavailability in blood plasma of mice under induced stress. The results revealed that the modifier improved the device performance in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, charge-transport and fouling resistance. NO reactivity on CDN-salophen/MCPE was higher in 0.1 mol L‒1 H2SO4, and the resulting redox process involves adsorption steps that control the reaction kinetics. Monitoring molecule oxidation by square-wave voltammetry (100 s−1 frequency, 30 mV amplitude, 2 mV scan increment, after electrode preconditioning at 0.9 V for 15 s for analyte accumulation), it was possible to identify and quantify NO with great sensitivity (detection and quantification limit < 0.1 µmol L‒1) and low data variance (RSD ≤ 9.4% for repeatability and reproducibility tests), through a simple, fast and reliable electroanalytical protocol. The robustness acquired with CDN-salophen/MCPE allowed to detect changes in NO content in blood plasma during nitrosative stress, proving its efficiency for research on this subject.

Quantitative screening of protein biomarkers of early glycation, advanced glycation, oxidation and nitrosation in cellular and extracellular proteins by tandem mass spectrometry multiple reaction monitoring

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1417-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ahmed ◽  
P.J. Thornalley
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Protein Glycation ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Renal Clearances ◽  
Quantitative Screening ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Glycation of proteins forms fructosamines and AGEs (advanced glycation end products). Oxidative and nitrosative stress leads to the formation of oxidative and nitrosative modifications. The modified amino acid residues formed in these processes are biomarkers of protein damage: some are risk markers and some may be risk factors for disease development. We developed a method for the concurrent quantitative measurement of 16 biomarkers indicative of protein glycation, oxidation and nitrosation damage using LC-MS/MS (LC with tandem MS detection). Underivatized analytes were detected free in physiological fluids and in enzymatic hydrolysates of cellular and extracellular proteins. Hydroimidazolones were the most important glycation biomarkers, and methionine sulphoxide was the most important oxidative biomarker quantitatively; 3-nitrotyrosine was the biomarker of nitrosation. Quantitative screening showed high levels of AGEs in cellular protein and moderate levels in protein of blood plasma. Levels of 3-nitrotyrosine were typically 100-fold lower than this. The major glycation adducts in blood plasma had high renal clearances in normal healthy human subjects, whereas methionine sulphoxide and 3-nitrotyrosine had low renal clearances due to further metabolism. Physiological AGEs in blood plasma were eliminated from the circulation in the kidney and not in the liver. LC-MS/MS peptide mapping was also used to locate the protein biomarkers. These studies reveal that advanced glycation is a significant modification of cellular and extracellular protein. The enzymatic defences against glycation, antioxidants and proteasomal protein degradation inside cells are probable factors regulating biomarker levels of cellular protein.

State of hormonal regulation in experimental animals exposed to noise and vibration

2020 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
A. V. Lizarev ◽  
V. A. Pankov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Vibration Exposure ◽  
Noise And Vibration ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
In Blood Plasma

When exposed to noise and vibration in experimental animals there was a decrease in the content of threeiodinethyronine, thyroxin and adrenocorticotropic hormone in blood plasma after 15 and 30 days of experience. An increase in loads led to an increase in the level of threeiodinethyronine and thyroxin under vibration exposure and was normalized with noise. The content of adrenocorticotropic hormone leveled in both cases.

EFFECT OF DIETARY LEVELS OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM ON GROWTH AND ON CONCENTRATIONS IN BLOOD PLASMA AND TISSUES OF WHITE RAT

1950 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Meyer ◽  
R. R. Grunert ◽  
Marie T. Zepplin ◽  
R. H. Grummer ◽  
G. Bohstedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
In Blood Plasma
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