Effect of dopamine on esophageal motor function.

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
pp. E19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K Mukhopadhyay ◽  
N Weisbrodt
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Receptors ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Dose Dependent

Intravenous administration of dopamine produced a dose-dependent decrease in lower esophageal sphincter pressure and a dose dependent increase in contractile activity of the body of the esophagus. The threshold dose of dopamine was 0.25 mug/kg, and the effect reached a plateau at about 6 mug/kg. A dose of 6 mug/kg of dopamine produced 83%+/-3 (SE) reduction in the lower esophageal sphincter pressure and 12+/-1 (SE) contractions in the body of the esophagus within 5 min of the bolus injection. Atropine, phentolamine, propranolol, and bilateral cervical vagotomy did not modify the effect of dopamine. Both haloperidol and bulbocapnine potently antagonized the effect of dopamine. The amplitude of esophageal contraction in the lower esophagus in response to pharyngeal stimulation and esiogageal distention was significantly increased after administration of haloperidol. It is concluded that intravenous administration of dopamine has potent effects on the motor function of the lower esophageal sphincter and the body of the esophagus. The effect of dopamine is not mediated via the vagal centers in the brain or cholinergic muscarinic and adrenergic receptors. The response of the smooth muscle segment of opossum esophagus to intravenous dopamine is mediated via specific dopamine receptors. The inhibitory dopamine receptors may play a physiological role in controlling the amplitude of esophageal contractions.

Effects of sodium nitroprusside and verapamil on lower esophageal sphincter

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. G40-G44
Author(s):  
R. K. Goyal ◽  
S. Rattan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Calcium Activation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
In Series ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Dose Dependent

Infusions of verapamil (V) and sodium nitroprusside (NP) caused dose-dependent reductions in the lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) in anesthetized opossums. Verapamil caused a gradual fall during the infusion and a gradual recovery upon cessation of the infusion. On the other hand, NP caused a prompt reduction and a prompt recovery. Both the agents also caused a fall in arterial blood pressure, but the fall in LESP was not related to the fall in the blood pressure. Both the agents antagonized the tonic and the phasic components of the LESP and, in large doses, both drugs almost abolished the LESP. Esophageal contractions were also antagonized by both agents, although verapamil was more effective than nitroprusside in this regard. These studies show that phasic and tonic components of LESP are not related to distinctive verapamil and nitroprusside sensitive calcium activation systems. Moreover, the V- and NP-sensitive calcium activation systems may lie in series rather than parallel.

Effect of prostaglandin E2 on esophageal motility in man

1975 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mukhopadhyay ◽  
S. Rattan ◽  
R. K. Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Esophageal Motility ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Peristaltic Contractions

Studies were performed to investigate the effect of prostaglandin E2 on esophageal motility in 12 healthy volunteers. PGE2 infusion caused a dose-dependent reduction in the lower esophageal sphincter pressure. The threshold dose was less than 0.05 mug-kg-1-min-1 and maximal reduction of pressure (60%) occurred with a dose of 0.4 mug-kg-1-min-1. In contrast to its effect on the lower esophageal sphincter, PGE2 did not alter the pressure in the upper esophageal sphincter. PGE2 did not influence resting esophageal pressures; the amplitude of peristaltic contractions was reduced in the lower but not in the upper part of the body of the esophagus. These studies show that in man PGE2 exerts selective inhibitory influence on the activity of the lower part of the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter which are composed of smooth muscle fibers.

Outcome of Pneumatic Balloon Dilatation in Achalasia Cardia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Shankar Baral ◽  
Bidhan NIdhi Paudel ◽  
Ajit Khanal ◽  
Jiwan Thapa ◽  
Bhuwneshwer Yadhav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Pneumatic Dilatation ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Achalasia Cardia ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter

Background: Achalasia Cardia is a rare esophageal motility disorder. Among various treatment options, Pneumatic Dilatation (PD) is the most widely used and cost effective modality till date. This is the first observational study aiming to evaluate the short term response and complications of PD for Achalasia Cardia in Nepal. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted between 28th Jan 2020 to 27th Jan 2021. It included 39 patients with Achalasia Cardia diagnosed by clinical presentation, esophagoscopy, barium esophagogram and high resolution manometry. Two patients of Type III achalasia were excluded from study. Thirty seven patients underwent pneumatic dilatation with 30 mm Rigiflex balloon (Boston Scientific, USA) for a duration of 1 minute. Response was assessed by Eckardts score at 3 and 6 months. Result: Among 39 cases (mean age= 39.03±15.017 years, 59% men), commonest was Type II Achalasia (71.8%) followed by Type I (23.1%) and Type III (5.1%). Dysphagia was present in all patients (100%), followed by weight loss (84.6%), regurgitation (79.5%) and chest pain (35.9%). Mean basal Eckardts score and Lower Esophageal Sphincter pressure of the study population was 7.81±1.24 and 24.40±6.83 respectively. Response to pneumatic dilatation was 89.2%. Eckardts score changed significantly from7.81±1.24 to 1.03±1.82 at 6 months (p<0.001). None of the patients had major complications. Younger age (23±6.377 years) had poor response to treatment, while predilatation Lower Esophageal Sphincter pressure, gender and type of achalasia did not affect the treatment outcome. Conclusion: PD is safe and effective treatment modality for Achalasia. Younger patients have poor response to treatment with Pneumatic Dilatation.  

scholarly journals Effect of intraduodenal peptone on the lower esophageal sphincter pressure in the dog

1978 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.R. Koelz ◽  
G. Lepsien ◽  
A.P. Hollinger ◽  
H. Säuberli ◽  
F. Largiadér ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter

Esophageal manometry in the opossum.

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
pp. E152
Author(s):  
K Schulze ◽  
W J Dodds ◽  
J Christensen ◽  
J D Wood
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Esophageal Manometry ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Coronal Section ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Human Esophagus

The opossum esophagus is commonly used as an animal model of the human esophagus. We used esophageal manometry in normal animals to provide basal data about normal esophageal motor functions in vivo in this species. At rest, separate and distinct high pressure zones can be recorded at the level of the lower esophageal sphincter, diaphragmatic hiatus, aortic arch, and upper esophageal sphincter. Each zone demonstrates a characteristic pattern of pressures in the radii of the coronal section and a characteristic response to swallowing. The hiatal and aortic zones can be mistaken for the esophageal sphincters. Pressures in the sphincters fall with swallowing. Peristalsis is not bolus-dependent and occurs with 98% of swallows. Pressures generated by peristalsis are greater in the middle of the esophagus than at the ends. Values for resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure and the characteristics of peristalsis were reproducible between different studies in the same animals.

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