Influence of beta-hydroxybutyrate infusion on glucose and free fatty acid metabolism in dogs

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (6) ◽  
pp. E756-E764 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Shaw ◽  
R. R. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Ffa Metabolism ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

We have investigated the effect of infusion of DL-beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) (30 mumol X kg-1 X min-1) on glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism by means of the primed constant infusion of [U-14C]glucose and [1,2-13C]palmitic acid. The role of the hormonal response to the ketone infusion was assessed by controlling the hormone levels pharmacologically. In one group hormones were not controlled, while in the other two groups insulin and glucagon were maintained at constant levels by infusion of somatostatin, insulin, and glucagon at constant rates. In one of these hormonally controlled groups, combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade was also employed. BOHB infusion increased total ketone concentration approximately 10-fold and, when hormones were not controlled, induced a significant increase in glucagon concentration. Regardless of hormonal status, elevation of the ketone levels decreased the rate of glucose production and FFA appearance. Glucose oxidation decreased in proportion to the reduction in the rate of glucose uptake in all groups. When sympathetic activity was not blocked an increase in the percent of FFA uptake oxidized enabled the percent CO2 production from FFA oxidation to remain constant despite the decrease in FFA uptake. However, when sympathetic activity was blocked the increase in the percent of FFA uptake oxidized observed in the other groups was prevented. We conclude from these studies that an elevation in ketone levels directly affects glucose and FFA metabolism independent of changes in insulin and glucagon levels and sympathetic activity.

Impaired plasma FFA oxidation imposed by extreme CHO deficiency in contracting rat skeletal muscle

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Turcotte ◽  
P. J. Hespel ◽  
T. E. Graham ◽  
E. A. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Swimming Exercise ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Palmitate Oxidation ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Ffa Metabolism ◽  
Palmitate Uptake

The extent to which carbohydrate (CHO) availability affects free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism in contracting skeletal muscle is not well characterized. To study this question, rats were depleted of glycogen by swimming exercise and lard feeding 24 h before perfusion of their isolated hindquarters. After 20 min of preperfusion with a medium containing no glucose, palmitate (600 or 2,000 microM), and [1–14C]palmitate, flow was restricted to one hindlimb, which was electrically stimulated for 2 min to further deplete muscles of glycogen. After 2 min of recovery, glucose was added to the perfusate at final concentrations of 0, 6, or 20 mM, and after another 3 min muscles were stimulated for 30 min. At 6 and 2,000 microM palmitate, glucose uptake after 30 min of stimulation averaged 23.5 +/- 9.3 and 45.9 +/- 10.6 mumol.g-1.h-1 with 6 and 20 mM glucose, respectively. At 6 and 2,000 microM palmitate, palmitate uptake was lower (30–37%, P < 0.05) with 0 than with 6 or 20 mM glucose. At 600 microM palmitate, percent palmitate oxidation was higher (27%, P < 0.05) with 0 than with 6 or 20 mM glucose, resulting in similar total palmitate oxidation with the three glucose concentrations (0.28 +/- 0.01 mumol.g-1.h-1). At 2,000 microM palmitate, percent palmitate oxidation was not significantly different among glucose concentrations, resulting in a significantly lower rate of palmitate oxidation with 0 (0.62 +/- 0.18 mumol.g-1.h-1) than with 6 or 20 mM glucose (0.77 +/- 0.25 and 0.78 +/- 0.20 mumol.g-1.h-1, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Mechanism of regulation of glucose production by lipolysis in humans

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (3) ◽  
pp. E353-E358 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jahoor ◽  
S. Klein ◽  
R. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
Normal Humans ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the rate of lipolysis and rate of glucose production (Ra) was investigated in 14- and 86-h fasted humans. [6,6-2H]glucose and [2H]5glycerol were infused to measure glucose and glycerol Ra in response to infusions of nicotinic acid in 14- and 86-h fasted subjects (protocol 1). The response of glucose Ra to nicotinic acid alone and nicotinic acid plus unlabeled glycerol was also measured in 86-h fasted subjects (protocol 2). After a 14-h fast, nicotinic acid caused a 30% decrease in plasma insulin levels and a marked (66%) decrease in plasma free fatty acid levels but did not have any significant effect on glucose Ra and concentration. After 86 h of fasting, nicotinic acid decreased glycerol Ra and hence lipolytic rate by approximately 60%. This caused a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) of 16-20% in glucose Ra and uptake. This decrease in glucose Ra was abolished when unlabeled glycerol was also infused with nicotinic acid to maintain glycerol Ra. These findings suggest that, in normal humans, a decrease in the rate of lipolysis regulates glucose Ra via its effect on the availability of glycerol for gluconeogenesis.

scholarly journals Mangiferin Improved Palmitate-Induced-Insulin Resistance by Promoting Free Fatty Acid Metabolism in HepG2 and C2C12 Cells via PPARα: Mangiferin Improved Insulin Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Zhang ◽  
Xiangju Kong ◽  
Hang Yuan ◽  
Hongjun Guan ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
C2c12 Cells ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Ffa Metabolism

Elevated free fatty acid (FFA) is a key risk factor for insulin resistance (IR). Our previous studies found that mangiferin could decrease serum FFA levels in obese rats induced by a high-fat diet. Our research was to determine the effects and mechanism of mangiferin on improving IR by regulating FFA metabolism in HepG2 and C2C12 cells. The model was used to quantify PA-induced lipid accumulation in the two cell lines treated with various concentrations of mangiferin simultaneously for 24 h. We found that mangiferin significantly increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, via phosphorylation of protein kinase B (P-AKT), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein expressions, and markedly decreased glucose content, respectively, in HepG2 and C2C12 cells induced by PA. Mangiferin significantly increased FFA uptake and decreased intracellular FFA and triglyceride (TG) accumulations. The activity of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) protein and its downstream proteins involved in fatty acid translocase (CD36) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and the fatty acid β-oxidation rate corresponding to FFA metabolism were also markedly increased by mangiferin in HepG2 and C2C12 cells. Furthermore, the effects were reversed by siRNA-mediated knockdown of PPARα. Mangiferin ameliorated IR by increasing the consumption of glucose and promoting the FFA oxidation via the PPARα pathway in HepG2 and C2C12 cells.

PERFORMANCE OF “PACKAGED” AND STANDARD PALM OLEIN OIL IN FRYING KERUPUK JALIN

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Budiyanto Budiyanto ◽  
Meizul Zuki ◽  
Mina Sihite Hutasoit
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Smoke Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Deep Frying ◽  
Frying Time ◽  
Frying Oils ◽  
End Use ◽  
Olein Oil

The objective of the study was to evaluate the changing pattern of free fatty acid (FFA) and smoke pints of packaged and standard palm olein oil in frying kerupuk jalin. The other objective was to determine the end use of both frying oils during deep fying of kerupuk jalin.  Continous deep frying with three replicates had been done for10 hours using special grade and regular frying oil without the addition of fresh oil during frying study.  The result indicated that The FFA content of both packaged and regular oils increased linearly with increasing frying time, up to 10 hours.   In addition, smoke point of the oils decreased linearly with increasing frying time.  Based on FFA of the oil, the packaged oil could last 1,4 longer than regular oil during frying of kerupuk jalin. 

Bedtime insulin for suppression of overnight free-fatty acid, blood glucose, and glucose production in NIDDM

Diabetes ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Taskinen ◽  
T. Sane ◽  
E. Helve ◽  
S. L. Karonen ◽  
E. A. Nikkila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Production

Bedtime Insulin for Suppression of Overnight Free-Fatty Acid, Blood Glucose, and Glucose Production in NIDDM

Diabetes ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-R. Taskinen ◽  
T. Sane ◽  
E. Helve ◽  
S.-L. Karonen ◽  
E. A. Nikkila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Production

Influence of fasting on glycogen depletion in rats during exercise

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 830-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Dohm ◽  
E. B. Tapscott ◽  
H. A. Barakat ◽  
G. J. Kasperek
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

We recently observed that a 24-h fasted group of rats could run longer than an ad libitum fed control group before becoming exhausted. Because of the demonstrated importance of glycogen levels and free fatty acid availability during endurance exercise, we have investigated several parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in exercised and nonexercised rats that were either fed ad libitum or fasted for 24 h. A 24-h fast depleted liver glycogen, lowered plasma glucose concentration, decreased muscle glycogen levels, and increased free fatty acid and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in plasma. During exercise the fasted group had lower plasma glucose concentration, higher plasma concentration of free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate, and a lower muscle glycogen depletion rate than did the ad libitum fed group. Since fasted rats were able to continue running even when plasma glucose had dropped to levels lower than those of fed-exhausted rats, it seems unlikely that blood glucose level, per se, is a factor in causing exhaustion. These results suggest that fasting increases fatty acid utilization during exercise and the resulting “glycogen sparing” effect may result in increased endurance.

scholarly journals Effects of β-adrenergic blockade on hepatic and renal glucose production during hypoglycemia in conscious dogs

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (5) ◽  
pp. E792-E797
Author(s):  
Eugenio Cersosimo ◽  
Irina N. Zaitseva ◽  
Mohamed Ajmal
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Production ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Hepatic Veins ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Flow Probe ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Arteriovenous Difference ◽  
Arterial Glucose

To investigate the role of β-adrenergic mechanisms in the counterregulatory response of the liver and kidney to hypoglycemia, we studied 10 dogs before and after a 2-h constant infusion of insulin (4 mU ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) either without ( n = 4) or with (8 μg/min, n = 6) propranolol and variable dextrose to maintain hypoglycemia, 7 days after surgical placement of sampling catheters in left renal and hepatic veins and femoral artery. Systemic glucose appearance (Ra) and endogenous (EGP), hepatic (HGP), and renal (RGP) glucose production were measured by a combination of arteriovenous difference and peripheral infusion of [6-3H]glucose, renal blood flow with a flow probe, and hepatic plasma flow by indocyanine green clearance. Without β-adrenergic blockade, arterial glucose decreased from 5.12 ± 0.02 to 2.53 ± 0.07 mmol/l, glucose Ra increased from 17.8 ± 0.7 to 30.5 ± 2.5 ( P< 0.01) when EGP was 22.2 ± 0.5, HGP from 13.5 ± 1.1 to 19.3 ± 1.3, and RGP from 2.4 ± 1.0 to 8.6 ± 0.9 μmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1(all P < 0.05). When propranolol was infused, glucose decreased from 5.97 ± 0.02 to 2.71 ± 0.03 mmol/l, glucose Ra increased from 16.3 ± 1.0 to 25.1 ± 1.6 when EGP was 9.9 ± 0.4, HGP decreased from 14.4 ± 0.7 to 10.4 ± 0.6, and RGP decreased from 3.8 ± 1.3 to 1.1 ± 0.8 μmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1(all P < 0.05). Our data indicate that β-adrenergic blockade impairs glucose recovery during sustained hypoglycemia, in part, by preventing the simultaneous compensatory increase in HGP and RGP.

scholarly journals Effects of free fatty acid elevation on postabsorptive endogenous glucose production and gluconeogenesis in humans

Diabetes ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Roden ◽  
H. Stingl ◽  
V. Chandramouli ◽  
W. C. Schumann ◽  
A. Hofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Endogenous Glucose Production ◽  
Endogenous Glucose

Structure-Function Relationships in Mycobacteriophage R1

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 634-635
Author(s):  
B. L. Soloff ◽  
T. A. Rado
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Solvent Mixture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Alteration ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
No Release ◽  
Lipid Moiety ◽  
Uninfected Host

Mycobacteriophage Rl, a lipid-containing virus lytic for Mycobacterium smegmatis, was propagated and purified according to methods described previously. The lipid component of this bacteriophage is essential for its survival, but the studies of Fay and Bowman indicated that treatment of the virus with organic solvents resulted in no release of DNA and suggested that no morphological alteration of the nucleocapsid occurred. More detailed analysis of the lipid moiety reveals two components which are present in the virus but absent in extracts of uninfected host. One of these appears related to esterified cholesterol and the other acts like a free fatty acid in chromatographic studies.Treatment of phage on the grid with chloroform-saturated phage buffer caused little change in the appearance of the virus particles. By the same technic, treatment with a chloroform:methanol (2:1) solvent mixture resulted in disruption of the nucleocapsid and loss of DNA.

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