scholarly journals On the nature of high-amplitude propagating pressure waves in the human colon

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (4) ◽  
pp. G646-G660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalija Milkova ◽  
Sean P. Parsons ◽  
Elyanne Ratcliffe ◽  
Jan D. Huizinga ◽  
Ji-Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Pressure Waves ◽  
Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Average Amplitude ◽  
Colonic Motor ◽  
Balloon Distention ◽  
Descending Colon

Characterization of high-amplitude propagating pressure waves (HAPWs or HAPCs) plays a key role in diagnosis of colon dysmotility using any type of colonic manometry. With the introduction of high-resolution manometry, more insight is gained into this most prominent propulsive motor pattern. Here, we use a water-perfused catheter with 84 sensors with intervals between measuring points of 1 cm throughout the colon, for 6–8 h, in 19 healthy subjects. The catheter contained a balloon to evoke distention. We explored as stimuli a meal, balloon distention, oral prucalopride, and bisacodyl injection, with a goal to optimally evoke HAPWs. We developed a quantitative measure of HAPW activity, the “HAPW Index.” Our protocol elicited 290 HAPWs. 21% of HAPWs were confined to the proximal colon with an average amplitude of 75.3 ± 3.3 mmHg and an average HAPW Index of 440 ± 58 mmHg·m·s. 29% of HAPWs started in the proximal colon and ended in the transverse or descending colon, with an average amplitude of 87.9 ± 3.1 mmHg and an average HAPW Index of 3,344 ± 356 mmHg·m·s. Forty-nine percent of HAPWs started and ended in the transverse or descending colon with an average amplitude of 109.3 ± 3.3 mmHg and an average HAPW Index of 2,071 ± 195 mmHg·m·s. HAPWs with and without simultaneous pressure waves (SPWs) initiated the colo-anal reflex, often abolishing 100% of anal sphincter pressure. Rectal bisacodyl and proximal balloon distention were the most optimal stimuli to evoke HAPWs. These measures now allow for a confident diagnosis of abnormal motility in patients with colonic motor dysfunction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY High-amplitude propagating pressure waves (HAPWs) were characterized using 84 sensors throughout the entire colon in healthy subjects, taking note of site of origin, site of termination, amplitude, and velocity, and to identify optimal stimuli to evoke HAPWs. Three categories of HAPWs were identified, including the associated colo-anal reflex. Proximal balloon distention and rectal bisacodyl were recognized as reliable stimuli for evoking HAPWs, and a HAPW Index was devised to quantify this essential colonic motor pattern.

Effect of fluid perfusion and cleansing on canine colonic motor activity

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (1) ◽  
pp. G62-G68 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Sarna
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
Colonic Motor ◽  
Colonic Motor Activity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Giant Migrating Contractions

We investigated the effect of absorbable and nonabsorbable fluid perfusion and cleansing on colonic motor activity in eight intact conscious dogs. Each dog was instrumented with an indwelling catheter in the proximal colon and seven strain gauge transducers on the entire colon. After an overnight fast, a control recording was made for 3 h, followed by 3 h of perfusion and 3 additional h of postperfusion recording. Next day, a 3-h recording was made when the colon was empty. The colon exhibited normal migrating and nonmigrating motor complexes in the control uncleansed state. The perfusion of absorbable electrolyte or nonabsorbable Colyte solution immediately disrupted the migrating motor complexes and replaced them with almost continuous but irregular contractions at all recording sites. Both solutions significantly prolonged the mean and total duration per hour of contractile states in the proximal, middle, and distal colon. The dogs began to leak fluid stools in squirts approximately 40-80 min after the start of perfusion. This type of incontinence was not associated with any specific type of motor activity. Infrequently, giant migrating contractions occurred during perfusion and caused explosive diarrhea. The migrating motor complexes remained disrupted during the 3-h postperfusion period. However, on the next day, the empty colon exhibited normal migrating motor complexes. The frequency of giant migrating contractions during perfusion and in the empty colon was significantly greater than that in the normal uncleansed colon. The total duration per hour of colonic motor activity in the empty colon was also greater than that in the normal uncleansed colon. We conclude that excessive fluid in the colon significantly alters its motor pattern.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Contractile patterns and transit of fluid in canine terminal ileum

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (2) ◽  
pp. G264-G270 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kruis ◽  
F. Azpiroz ◽  
S. F. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Intraluminal Pressure ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Pressure Waves ◽  
Motor Complex ◽  
Ileocolonic Sphincter

Earlier recordings of intraluminal pressure from the terminal ileum and across the ileocolonic sphincter of dogs revealed, in addition to the usual interdigestive and digestive patterns, pressure waves that appeared to have propulsive potential. One of these, which we designated as a “prolonged propagated contraction” (PPC), was a wave of high amplitude; it had a duration much longer than the ileal slow wave and migrated rapidly through the ileum, often into the proximal colon. The other pattern was one of “discrete clustered contractions” (DCC); these were propagated bursts of rhythmic phasic waves, distinct from phase III of the interdigestive myoelectric complex. These migrated through the ileum more rapidly than did phase III. Our aims were to record the electrical and mechanical equivalents of these pressure events using only extraluminal sensors and to evaluate the capacity of these contractions to propel fluids. PPCs and DCCs were recorded by extraluminal strain gauges, and flow was assessed by recovery of a nonabsorbable marker. Phase III of the migrating motor complex propelled fluid through the ileum, but in addition DCCs and, especially, PPCs were able to empty the ileum. These latter contractions have similarities to the ileal “peristaltic rush” described by others, and we believe these waves are an important force for ileal emptying.

Characterization of haustral activity in the human colon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan D. Huizinga ◽  
Maham Pervez ◽  
Sharjana Nirmathalasan ◽  
Ji-Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Pacemaker Activity ◽  
Pressure Waves ◽  
Baseline Pressure ◽  
Segmentation Pattern ◽  
Mixed Pattern

The human colon consists of a string of haustral compartments; hence all colonic motility involves haustra, yet contraction patterns are rarely discussed from the perspective of haustra. Haustral activity was analyzed in 21 healthy subjects using an 84-sensor manometry catheter with 1 cm spacing; haustra were on average 4.6 cm long, hence their activity was monitored by 4-5 sensors. On average 47% of the haustra were intermittently active for ~ 30% of the time; 2402 periods of haustra activity were analyzed. Intrahaustral activity showed rhythmic pressure waves centred around a frequency of 2-6 cpm or 7-15 cpm, or a checkerboard segmentation pattern. Boundaries of the haustra showed rhythmic pressure activity at a dominant frequency pf 3 cpm with or without elevated baseline pressure. The haustral activity was a low-amplitude motor pattern, 5-30 mmHg above baseline pressure. The intrahaustral rhythmic pressure waves propagated in a mixed pattern: retrograde, antegrade and simultaneous, with the simultaneous appearance dominating. Active haustra often showed no boundary activity probably allowing transit to neighbouring haustra. Haustral boundaries are seen at the same sensor for the 6-8 hr study duration, indicating that they do not propagate. Based on previous studies we infer that the orchestration of haustral activity involves pacemaker activity from ICC-SMP. High amplitude propagating pressure waves (HAPWs), were often followed by a cyclic motor pattern at a frequency ~ 12 cpm dissolving into haustral activity at that frequency. The HAPW may be composed of neurally-induced summated pressure waves at ~ 12 cpm.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal transit and prolonged ambulatory colonic motility in health and faecal incontinence

Gut ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Herbst ◽  
M A Kamm ◽  
G P Morris ◽  
K Britton ◽  
J Woloszko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Faecal Incontinence ◽  
Urge Incontinence ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Rhythmic Activity ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Left Colon ◽  
Pressure Waves ◽  
Colonic Motor

Background—Colonic motor function has not been studied in the ambulatory setting over a prolonged period in the unprepared state. Furthermore, the disturbance of this function in patients with faecal incontinence is unknown.Aim—To study colonic function over two to three days in the ambulatory, unprepared state in health and in patients with idiopathic faecal incontinence.Methods—Six healthy women and six women with faecal incontinence and a structurally intact anal sphincter ingested a dual radioisotope meal, and had a six sensor, solid state manometric probe colonoscopically inserted into the left colon. Scanning was performed until radioisotope left the gut and pressure was recorded for a median of 44 hours.Results—Three of six patients showed abnormal gastric emptying. Patients showed no disturbance of colonic radioisotope transit. Controls had a median of 12, whereas patients had a median of 16, high amplitude propagated waves per 24 hours. In three patients urge incontinence was associated with high amplitude (up to 500 cm water) propagated waves which often reached the rectum. These high pressure waves were identical to those occuring in healthy subjects, the only difference being the lack of adequate sphincter response. Passive incontinence was not associated with colonic motor activity. Defaecation in all subjects was associated with identical propagated waves, and distal movement of 13% (median) of right colonic content and excretion of 32% from the left colon and rectum. The urge to defaecate was associated with either propagated waves (45%) or non-propagated contractions (55%). Rectal motor complexes were recorded in both groups of subjects, but similar rhythmic activity was also recorded in the sigmoid and descending colon.Conclusions—Normal colonic function consists of frequent high pressure propagated waves. Rhythmic activity occurs both proximal to and in the rectum. Defaecation is characterised by high pressure propagated waves associated with coordinated anal sphincter relaxation. Patients with faecal incontinence may have a widespread disturbance of gut function. Urge incontinence, an urge to defaecate, and defaecation can all be associated with identical high amplitude propagated pressure waves.

The proximal colonic motor response to rectal mechanical and chemical stimulation

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (3) ◽  
pp. G443-G449 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Bampton ◽  
P. G. Dinning ◽  
M. L. Kennedy ◽  
D. Z. Lubowski ◽  
I. J. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Chenodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Chemical Stimulation ◽  
Pressure Waves ◽  
Sensory Thresholds ◽  
Balloon Inflation ◽  
Rectal Distension ◽  
Acid Infusion ◽  
Colonic Motor ◽  
Colonic Motor Activity

We aimed to determine whether rectal distension and/or infusion of bile acids stimulates propagating or nonpropagating activity in the unprepared proximal colon in 10 healthy volunteers using a nasocolonic manometric catheter (16 recording sites at 7.5-cm spacing). Sensory thresholds and proximal colonic motor responses were assessed following rectal distension by balloon inflation and rectal instillation of chenodeoxycholic acid. Maximum tolerated balloon volume and the volume that stimulated a desire to defecate were both significantly ( P < 0.01) reduced after rectal chenodeoxycholic acid. The frequency of colonic propagating pressure wave sequences decreased significantly in response to initial balloon inflations ( P < 0.05), but the frequency doubled after subsequent chenodeoxycholic acid infusion ( P < 0.002). Nonpropagating activity decreased after balloon inflation, was not influenced by acid infusion, and demonstrated a further decrease in response to repeat balloon inflation. We concluded that rectal chenodeoxycholic acid in physiological concentrations is a potent stimulus for propagating pressure waves arising in the proximal colon and reduces rectal sensory thresholds. Rectal distension inhibits all colonic motor activity.

A Radiographic Study of the Gastrointestinal-Tract of Potorous-Tridactylus, With a Suggestion as to the Role of the Foregut and Hindgut in Potoroine Marsupials

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
PB Frappell ◽  
RW Rose
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Barium Sulphate ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Radiographic Study ◽  
Colon And Rectum ◽  
Descending Colon ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Potorous Tridactylus

The gastric distribution of barium sulphate and its subsequent intestinal passage were examined by radiography in Potorous tridactylus. Barium sulphate administered in association with solid food passed to the sacciform forestomach from the tubiform forestomach. However, ingested barium sulphate suspension mainly entered the hindstomach via the gastric sulcus. Barium sulphate which entered the sacciform forestomach remained for no more than 1 h before passing to the hindstomach via the tubiform forestomach. The passage of contrast medium through the intestine was followed in adults administered barium sulphate suspension only. Contrast medium which entered the hindstomach was not detectable there after 10 min. Barium sulphate first arrived at the caecum and proximal colon after 20 min, and by 45 min the majority had reached these organs. It persisted in the caecum and proximal colon for several hours, during which there was some movement into the descending colon and rectum. These results lead towards a new interpretation of the role of the potoroine foregut and hindgut.

Electrical Resistive Spiking of Fungi

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Adamatzky ◽  
Alessandro Chiolerio ◽  
Georgios Sirakoulis
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Average Amplitude ◽  
Average Width ◽  
C 23 ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Low Amplitude

We study long-term electrical resistance dynamics in mycelium and fruit bodies of oyster fungi P. ostreatus. A nearly homogeneous sheet of mycelium on the surface of a growth substrate exhibits trains of resistance spikes. The average width of spikes is c. 23[Formula: see text]min and the average amplitude is c. 1[Formula: see text]k[Formula: see text]. The distance between neighboring spikes in a train of spikes is c. 30[Formula: see text]min. Typically, there are 4–6 spikes in a train of spikes. Two types of electrical resistance spikes trains are found in fruit bodies: low frequency and high amplitude (28[Formula: see text]min spike width, 1.6[Formula: see text]k[Formula: see text] amplitude, 57[Formula: see text]min distance between spikes) and high frequency and low amplitude (10[Formula: see text]min width, 0.6[Formula: see text]k[Formula: see text] amplitude, 44[Formula: see text]min distance between spikes). The findings could be applied in monitoring of physiological states of fungi and future development of living electronic devices and sensors.

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