Vasoactive intestinal peptide modulates T lymphocyte migration in Peyer's patches of rat small intestine

Although vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been postulated to function in modulation of T cell trafficking, the exact mechanism has not been elucidated in vivo. In the present study, the effects of VIP on T lymphocyte migration were examined in rat Peyer's patches. T lymphocytes collected from intestinal lymph of rats were labeled with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester and injected into the jugular vein. Peyer's patches of the recipient rats were observed with intravital fluorescence microscopy. In vivo intra-arterial infusion of or in vitro incubation with VIP did not affect the initial lymphocyte interaction with postcapillary venules of Peyer's patches. However, these treatments with VIP significantly inhibited transendothelial migration and also significantly blocked the interstitial migration of T cells and inhibited their subsequent appearance in the interfollicular lymphatics. Treatment with adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-inducing agents resulted in similar inhibitory effect on T lymphocyte migration in Peyer's patches. In conclusion, VIP has significant inhibitory effects on T lymphocyte migration in Peyer's patches, possibly mediated by elevation of the intracellular cAMP concentrations.

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In vitro alteration of receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide changes the in vivo localization of mouse T cells.

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.160.4.1054 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 160 (4) ◽

pp. 1054-1069 ◽

Cited By ~ 154

Author(s):

C A Ottaway

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Peyer's Patches ◽

Peyer’S Patches ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Dose Dependent Decrease ◽

Dose Dependent

The capacity of T lymphocytes exposed in vitro to the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) to bind VIP in vitro and to migrate to different tissues in vivo has been studied. VIP treatment of T cells resulted in a time- and dose-dependent loss of the ability of T cells to specifically bind radioiodinated VIP. Altered binding was due to a decrease in the expression of cellular receptors for VIP on the treated cells rather than an alteration in the affinity of the cells for the neuropeptide. Alteration of VIP receptor expression was not associated with a change in the expression of Thy-1, Lyt-1, or Lyt-2 surface markers by the treated cells. VIP treatment of T cells in vitro resulted, however, in a dose-dependent decrease in the ability of the treated cells to localize in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and Peyer's patches of recipient animals at early times after cell transfer, and this was due to a selective decrease in the rate of accumulation of the treated cells in these tissues. There was no alteration in the distribution of VIP-treated cells in the blood, spleen, liver, or other major organs of the recipient animals. It is concluded that the presence of VIP receptors on T cells facilitates the entry of T cells into MLN and Peyer's patches in vivo, and it is proposed that this effect is mediated by T cell-VIP interactions in the vicinity of the specialized endothelium of those tissues.

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Rapid G protein-regulated activation event involved in lymphocyte binding to high endothelial venules.

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.178.1.367 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 178 (1) ◽

pp. 367-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 185

Author(s):

R F Bargatze ◽

E C Butcher

Keyword(s):

G Protein ◽

Pertussis Toxin ◽

Critical Role ◽

Lymphocyte Activation ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Peyer's Patches ◽

Peyer’S Patches ◽

High Endothelial Venules ◽

Activation Event

The homing of blood borne lymphocytes into lymph nodes and Peyer's patches is mediated in part by recognition and binding to specialized high endothelial venules (HEV). Here we demonstrate that a rapid pertussis toxin-sensitive lymphocyte activation event can participate in lymphocyte recognition of HEV. In situ video microscopic analyses of lymphocyte interactions with HEV in exteriorized mouse Peyer's patches reveal that pertussis toxin has no effect on an initial "rolling" displayed by many lymphocytes, but inhibits an activation-dependent "sticking" event required for lymphocyte arrest. This is the first demonstration that physiologic lymphocyte-endothelial interactions can involve sequential rolling, activation, and activation-dependent arrest, previously shown only for neutrophils. The inhibitory effect of the toxin is dependent on its G protein-modifying ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and can be reversed by phorbol myristic acetate, which bypasses cell surface receptors to trigger activation-dependent adhesion. Lymphocyte sticking can occur within 1-3 s after initiation of rolling. We conclude that a rapid receptor-mediated activation event involving G protein signaling can trigger stable lymphocyte attachment to HEV in vivo, and may play a critical role in regulating lymphocyte homing.

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T-Lymphocyte Migration is Differently Regulated in Appendiceal Lymph Follicles and Intestinal Peyer’s Patches

Organ Microcirculation - Keio University International Symposia for Life Sciences and Medicine ◽

10.1007/4-431-27174-0_34 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 243-245

Author(s):

Yoshikazu Tsuzuki ◽

Hideyasu Nagamatsu ◽

Koji Matsuzaki ◽

Ryota Hokari ◽

Kazuro Itoh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Lymphocyte ◽

Peyer's Patches ◽

Peyer’S Patches ◽

Lymphocyte Migration

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Eosinophilia in transgenic mice expressing interleukin 5.

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.172.5.1425 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 172 (5) ◽

pp. 1425-1431 ◽

Cited By ~ 392

Author(s):

L A Dent ◽

M Strath ◽

A L Mellor ◽

C J Sanderson

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Transgenic Mice ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Peyer's Patches ◽

Peyer’S Patches ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Interleukin 5

Experiments in vitro suggest that although interleukin 5 (IL-5) stimulates the late stages of eosinophil differentiation, other cytokines are required for the generation of eosinophil progenitor cells. In this study transgenic mice constitutively expressing the IL-5 gene were established using a genomic fragment of the IL-5 gene coupled to the dominant control region from the gene encoding human CD2. Four independent eosinophilic transgenic lines have thus far been established, two of which with 8 and 49 transgene copies, are described in detail. These mice appeared macroscopically normal apart from splenomegaly. Eosinophils were at least 65- and 265-fold higher in blood from transgenics, relative to normal littermates, and approximately two- or sevenfold more numerous relative to blood from mice infected with the helminth Mesocestoides corti. Much more modest increases in blood neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte numbers were noted in transgenics, relative to normal littermates (less than threefold). Thus IL-5 in vivo is relatively specific for the eosinophil lineage. Large numbers of eosinophils were present in spleen, bone marrow, and peritoneal exudate, and were highest in the line with the greatest transgene copy number. Eosinophilia was also noted in histological sections of transgenic lungs, Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes, and gut lamina propria but not in other tissues examined. IL-5 was detected in the sera of transgenics at levels comparable to those seen in sera from parasite-infected animals. IL-3 and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were not found. IL-5 mRNA was detected in transgenic thymus, Peyer's patches, and superficial lymph nodes, but not in heart, liver, brain, or skeletal muscle or in any tissues from nontransgenics. Bone marrow from transgenic mice was rich in IL-5-dependent eosinophil precursors. These data indicate that induction of the IL-5 gene is sufficient for production of eosinophilia, and that IL-5 can induce the full pathway of eosinophil differentiation. IL-5 may therefore not be restricted in action to the later stages of eosinophil differentiation, as suggested by earlier in vitro studies.

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Vasoactive intestinal peptide does not affect lymphocyte sticking to venules, but does block lymphocyte migration into interstitium in rat peyer's patches

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/0016-5085(95)28268-8 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 108 (4) ◽

pp. A991

Keyword(s):

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽

Peyer's Patches ◽

Peyer’S Patches ◽

Lymphocyte Migration

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Inhibition of in vivo lymphocyte migration to Peyer's patches by the antibody against α4-integrins in rat

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/0016-5085(95)28030-8 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 108 (4) ◽

pp. A931

Keyword(s):

Peyer's Patches ◽

Peyer’S Patches ◽

Lymphocyte Migration

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Association of Lactobacillus spp. with Peyer's Patches in Mice

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.8.2.320-324.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 320-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Laura Plant ◽

Patricia Conway

Keyword(s):

Peyer's Patches ◽

Peyer’S Patches ◽

Adhesion Assay ◽

Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽

Intestinal Tissue ◽

High Adhesion ◽

Preferential Binding ◽

Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT Sixteen strains of Lactobacillus isolated from humans, mice, and food products were screened for their capacity to associate with Peyer's patches in mice. In preliminary experiments, in vitro binding to tissue pieces was assessed by scanning electron microscopy, and it was demonstrated qualitatively that 5 of the 16 strains showed some affinity for the Peyer's patches, irrespective of their association with the nonlymphoid intestinal tissue. Lactobacillus fermentum KLD was selected for further study, since, in addition to its intrinsically high adhesion rate, this organism was found to exhibit a preferential binding to the follicle-associated epithelium of the Peyer's patches compared with its level of binding to the mucus-secreting regions of the small intestine. Quantitative assessment of scanning electron micrographs of tissue sections which had been incubated with L. fermentum KLD or a nonbinding control strain, Lactobacillus delbruckii subsp.bulgaricus, supported these observations, since a marked difference in adhesion was noted (P < 0.05). This preferential association of strain KLD with the Peyer's patches was also confirmed with radiolabeled lactobacilli incubated with intestinal tissue in the in vitro adhesion assay. Direct recovery of L. fermentum KLD from washed tissue following oral dosing of mice revealed a distinct association (P < 0.05) between this organism and the Peyer's patch tissue. In contrast, L. delbruckii subsp. bulgaricus showed negligible binding to both tissue types in both in vitro and in vivo adhesion assays. It was concluded that L. fermentum KLD bound preferentially to Peyer's patches of BALB/c mice.

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