scholarly journals Obesity-induced Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: a Microvascular Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Balasubramanian ◽  
Tamas Kiss ◽  
Stefano Tarantini ◽  
Ádám Nyúl-Tóth ◽  
Chetan Ahire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
Microvascular Rarefaction

Over two thirds of individuals aged 65 and older are obese or overweight in the United States. Epidemiological data show an association between the degree of adiposity and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. In this review, the pathophysiological roles of microvascular mechanisms, including impaired endothelial function and neurovascular coupling responses, microvascular rarefaction and blood-brain barrier disruption in the genesis of cognitive impairment in geriatric obesity are considered. The potential contribution of adipose-derived factors and fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of senescence to exacerbated obesity-induced cerebromicrovascular impairment and cognitive decline in aging are discussed.

scholarly journals Functional vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: mechanisms and consequences of cerebral autoregulatory dysfunction, endothelial impairment, and neurovascular uncoupling in aging

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (1) ◽  
pp. H1-H20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Toth ◽  
Stefano Tarantini ◽  
Anna Csiszar ◽  
Zoltan Ungvari
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Neuronal Dysfunction ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
Vasomotor Function ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
Cerebral Microhemorrhages

Increasing evidence from epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies indicate that age-related cerebromicrovascular dysfunction and microcirculatory damage play critical roles in the pathogenesis of many types of dementia in the elderly, including Alzheimer’s disease. Understanding and targeting the age-related pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) are expected to have a major role in preserving brain health in older individuals. Maintenance of cerebral perfusion, protecting the microcirculation from high pressure-induced damage and moment-to-moment adjustment of regional oxygen and nutrient supply to changes in demand are prerequisites for the prevention of cerebral ischemia and neuronal dysfunction. This overview discusses age-related alterations in three main regulatory paradigms involved in the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF): cerebral autoregulation/myogenic constriction, endothelium-dependent vasomotor function, and neurovascular coupling responses responsible for functional hyperemia. The pathophysiological consequences of cerebral microvascular dysregulation in aging are explored, including blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, exacerbation of neurodegeneration, development of cerebral microhemorrhages, microvascular rarefaction, and ischemic neuronal dysfunction and damage. Due to the widespread attention that VCID has captured in recent years, the evidence for the causal role of cerebral microvascular dysregulation in cognitive decline is critically examined.

Catheter Ablation in the Elderly in the United States: Use in the Medicare Population from 1991 to 1998

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER N. SMITH ◽  
HUMBERTO VIDAILLET ◽  
PARAM P. SHARMA ◽  
JOHN J. HAYES ◽  
JOHN R. SCHMELZER
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medicare Population

scholarly journals PCN7: FAMILY CAREGIVING COSTS FOR THE ELDERLY WITH CANCER: ESTIMATES FROM A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF THE UNITED STATES

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 352-353
Author(s):  
K Langa ◽  
J Hayman ◽  
M Kabeto ◽  
M Chernew ◽  
S Katz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States

When to use the new pneumococcal vaccine

1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 31-32
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Special Risk

Pneumococcal pneumonia probably affects about one in every thousand adults each year. Like other serious pneumococcal infection, it is more common and severe in the elderly, in those without a functional spleen (including patients with sickle-cell disease,1) and in patients with a variety of chronic diseases. In the United States a 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine was introduced in 1983, replacing a 14-valent vaccine; it is now recommended there for large groups of people.2 This newer 23-valent vaccine (Pneumovax-II - MSD) was licensed in Britain last May. Its use should be considered for those at special risk of pneumococcal disease.3–5

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