scholarly journals Dysregulation of dopamine-dependent mechanisms as a determinant of hypertension: studies in dopamine receptor knockout mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (2) ◽  
pp. H551-H569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyu Zeng ◽  
Ines Armando ◽  
Yingjin Luo ◽  
Gilbert M. Eisner ◽  
Robin A. Felder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Dopamine Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Receptor Mutant ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Regulation Of Blood Pressure

Dopamine plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension by regulating epithelial sodium transport and by interacting with vasoactive hormones/humoral factors, such as aldosterone, angiotensin, catecholamines, endothelin, oxytocin, prolactin pro-opiomelancortin, reactive oxygen species, renin, and vasopressin. Dopamine receptors are classified into D1-like (D1 and D5) and D2-like (D2, D3, and D4) subtypes based on their structure and pharmacology. In recent years, mice deficient in one or more of the five dopamine receptor subtypes have been generated, leading to a better understanding of the physiological role of each of the dopamine receptor subtypes. This review summarizes the results from studies of various dopamine receptor mutant mice on the role of individual dopamine receptor subtypes and their interactions with other G protein-coupled receptors in the regulation of blood pressure.

scholarly journals Melatonin

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Affective Disorder ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Seasonal Breeding ◽  
Livestock Management ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Melatonin Production

Melatonin (MEL) is a hormone synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland deep within the brain in response to photoperiodic cues relayed from the retina via an endogenous circadian oscillator within the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus. The circadian rhythm of melatonin production and release, characterized by nocturnal activity and daytime quiescence, is an important temporal signal to the body structures that can read it. Melatonin acts through high-affinity receptors located centrally and in numerous peripheral organs. Different receptor subtypes have been cloned and characterized: MT(1) and MT(2) (transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors), and MT(3). However, their physiological role remains unelucidated, although livestock management applications already include the control of seasonal breeding and milk production. As for potential therapeutic applications, exogenous melatonin or a melatonin agonist and selective 5-hydroxytrypiamine receptor (5-HT(2c)) antagonist, eg, S 20098, can be used to manipulate circadian processes such as the sleep-vake cycle, which are frequently disrupted in many conditions, most notably seasonal affective disorder.

Role of specific dopamine receptor subtypes in amphetamine discrimination

1989 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forrest L. Smith ◽  
Christopher St. John ◽  
Tai Fu T. Yang ◽  
William H. Lyness
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Dopamine Receptor Subtypes

Recent Developments in Our Understanding of the Physiological Role of PP-Fold Peptide Receptor Subtypes

2003 ◽  
Vol 228 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus M. Berglund ◽  
Philip A. Hipskind ◽  
Donald R. Gehlert
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
G Protein Coupled

The three peptides pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) share a similar structure known as the PP-fold. There are four known human G-protein coupled receptors for the PP-fold peptides, namely Y1, Y2, Y4, and Y5, each of them being able to bind at least two of the three endogenous ligands. All three peptides are found in the circulation acting as hormones. Although NPY is only released from neurons, PYY and PP are primarily found in endocrine cells in the gut, where they exert such effects as inhibition of gall bladder secretion, gut motility, and pancreatic secretion. However, when PYY is administered in an experimental setting to animals, cloned receptors, or tissue preparations, it can mimic the effects of NPY in essentially all studies, making it difficult to study the effects of PP-fold peptides and to delineate what receptor and peptide accounts for a particular effect. Initial studies with transgenic animals confirmed the well-established action of NPY on metabolism, food-intake, vascular systems, memory, mood, neuronal excitability, and reproduction. More recently, using transgenic techniques and novel antagonists for the Y1, Y2, and Y5 receptors, NPY has been found to be a key player in the regulation of ethanol consumption and neuronal development.

Presynaptic control of [3H]-glutamate release by dopamine receptor subtypes in the rat substantia nigra. Central role of D1 and D3 receptors

Neuroscience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 406 ◽  
pp. 563-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Jesús Briones-Lizardi ◽  
Hernán Cortés ◽  
José Arturo Avalos-Fuentes ◽  
Francisco Javier Paz-Bermúdez ◽  
Jorge Aceves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Glutamate Release ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Dopamine Receptor Subtypes ◽  
D3 Receptors ◽  
Rat Substantia Nigra ◽  
Presynaptic Control
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