Angiotensin and alpha-adrenoceptor activation play a role in hemodynamic response to aortic cross-clamping

This study was designed to identify the possible role of vasoconstricting compounds released from ischemic tissues in the hemodynamic response to cross-clamping of the thoracic aorta. Twenty-one dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. The left hindlimb was denervated, vascularly isolated, and pump perfused at a constant rate with blood drained from the inferior vena cava after passing through a gas-exchanging membrane where oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were maintained within normal limits. Left and right thoracotomies were performed, and the aorta and inferior vena cava were cross-clamped. The cross-clamping was associated with 33-45% increase in limb vascular resistance in denervated control animals (n = 6). In animals pretreated with Enalaprilat (2 mg/kg, n = 6), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, limb vascular resistance did not change significantly. In animals pretreated with phenoxybenzamine (3 mg/kg, n = 6), an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, limb vascular resistance significantly decreased to 43% of preclamped level. The study demonstrated that vasoconstrictive compounds, such as angiotensin and catecholamines, play a role in systemic hemodynamic changes, including arterial hypertension, observed during cross-clamping of the thoracic aorta.

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Role of angiotensin and adrenoceptors in hemodynamic response to aortic cross-clamping

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1993.264.1.h14 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 264 (1) ◽

pp. H14-H20

Author(s):

S. Gelman ◽

S. E. Curtis ◽

W. E. Bradley ◽

C. T. Henderson ◽

D. A. Parks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inferior Vena Cava ◽

Vascular Resistance ◽

Inferior Vena ◽

Enzyme Inhibitor ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Alpha Adrenoceptors ◽

Beta Adrenoceptor ◽

Adrenergic Antagonist ◽

Left And Right

An earlier study has shown that angiotensin and catecholamines were responsible for the vasoconstriction observed in the isolated hindlimb preparation during aortic cross-clamping. That study also demonstrated that when vasoconstriction was blocked with an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, phenoxybenzamine, vasodilation was elicited by aortic cross-clamping. The present study tested the hypothesis that this vasodilation was mediated via beta-adrenergic receptors. Eighteen dogs had their hindlimb denervated, vascularly isolated, and pump perfused with blood drained from the inferior vena cava, after passing through a gas-exchanging membrane where oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were normalized. Left and right thoracotomies were performed, and the aorta and inferior vena cava were cross-clamped. The cross-clamping was associated with 29-37% increase in limb vascular resistance in control dogs (n = 6), in animals pretreated with propranolol (2 mg/kg, n = 6), and in dogs pretreated with a combination of phenoxybenzamine (3 mg/kg) and propranolol (2 mg/kg, n = 6). In animals pretreated with a combination of phenoxybenzamine, propranolol, and enalaprilat (2 mg/kg, n = 6), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, limb vascular resistance did not change. This study has confirmed that aortic cross-clamping is associated with vasoconstriction induced by angiotensin and activation of alpha-adrenoceptors and has further demonstrated that vasodilation is attributable to beta-adrenoceptor activation.

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Increased pulmonary vascular resistance and reduced stroke volume in association with CO2retention and inferior vena cava dilatation

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00759.2005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 101 (3) ◽

pp. 866-872 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Darija Baković ◽

Davor Eterović ◽

Zoran Valic ◽

Žana Saratlija-Novaković ◽

Ivan Palada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Output ◽

Inferior Vena Cava ◽

Pulmonary Vascular Resistance ◽

Vascular Resistance ◽

Inferior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Arterial Oxygen ◽

Breath Holding ◽

Oxygen Saturation Level ◽

The Impact

Changes in cardiovascular parameters elicited during a maximal breath hold are well described. However, the impact of consecutive maximal breath holds on central hemodynamics in the postapneic period is unknown. Eight trained apnea divers and eight control subjects performed five successive maximal apneas, separated by a 2-min resting interval, with face immersion in cold water. Ultrasound examinations of inferior vena cava (IVC) and the heart were carried out at times 0, 10, 20, 40, and 60 min after the last apnea. The arterial oxygen saturation level and blood pressure, heart rate, and transcutaneous partial pressures of CO2and O2were monitored continuously. At 20 min after breath holds, IVC diameter increased (27.6 and 16.8% for apnea divers and controls, respectively). Subsequently, pulmonary vascular resistance increased and cardiac output decreased both in apnea divers (62.8 and 21.4%, respectively) and the control group (74.6 and 17.8%, respectively). Cardiac output decrements were due to reductions in stroke volumes in the presence of reduced end-diastolic ventricular volumes. Transcutaneous partial pressure of CO2increased in all participants during breath holding, returned to baseline between apneas, but remained slightly elevated during the postdive observation period (∼4.5%). Thus increased right ventricular afterload and decreased cardiac output were associated with CO2retention and signs of peripheralization of blood volume. These results indicate that repeated apneas may cause prolonged hemodynamic changes after resumption of normal breathing, which may suggest what happens in sleep apnea syndrome.

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Hemodynamic changes during a new procedure for regional chemotherapy involving occlusion of the thoracic aorta and inferior vena cava

Journal of Clinical Anesthesia ◽

10.1016/s0952-8180(98)00100-7 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 636-640 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Haim Berkenstadt ◽

Gur Ben-Ari ◽

Azriel Perel

Keyword(s):

Inferior Vena Cava ◽

Thoracic Aorta ◽

Inferior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Regional Chemotherapy ◽

Hemodynamic Changes

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Prostacyclin-Like Activity in the Female Rat Thoracic Aorta and the Inferior Vena Cava after Treatment with Ethinyloestradiol and Norethisterone

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs059028pa ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 28P-28P

Author(s):

L. Karpati ◽

R. Chow ◽

M. Woollard ◽

R. Hutton ◽

P. Dandona

Keyword(s):

Inferior Vena Cava ◽

Thoracic Aorta ◽

Inferior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Female Rat ◽

Rat Thoracic Aorta

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Ultrasound of the Inferior Vena Cava Does Not Predict Hemodynamic Response to Early Hemorrhage

Journal of Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.03.044 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 592-597 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Peter Juhl-Olsen ◽

Simon T. Vistisen ◽

Lærke K. Christiansen ◽

Linda A. Rasmussen ◽

Christian A. Frederiksen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inferior Vena Cava ◽

Inferior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Hemodynamic Response

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Prostacyclin-Like Activity in the Female Rat Thoracic Aorta and the Inferior Vena Cava after Ethinyloestradiol and Norethisterone

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0590369 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 59 (5) ◽

pp. 369-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

L. Karpati ◽

F. P. R. Chow ◽

M. L. Woollard ◽

R. A. Hutton ◽

P. Dandona

Keyword(s):

Inferior Vena Cava ◽

Thoracic Aorta ◽

Vessel Wall ◽

Inferior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Female Rats ◽

Female Rat ◽

Rat Thoracic Aorta ◽

Induced Changes ◽

Prostacyclin Production

1. Female rats were injected with ethinyloestradiol, norethisterone or both compounds for 30 days. Prostacyclin-like activity was measured in the thoracic aorta and inferior vena cava. 2. In the thoracic aorta of rats injected with ethinyloestradiol and ethinyloestradiol/norethisterone, prostacyclin-like activity was significantly increased. Norethisterone alone had no effect. 3. In the inferior vena cava of rats injected with ethinyloestradiol, norethisterone or both compounds, prostacyclin-like activity was not significantly altered. The amount of prostacyclin generated by the inferior vena cava was much lower than that by the aorta. 4. Experimentally induced changes in the vessel wall after the administration of contraceptive steroids must be due to factors other than diminished prostacyclin production.

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Traumatic Rupture of the Thoracic Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava: An Unusual Cause of Death at the Place of Work

Medicine Science and the Law ◽

10.1177/002580247401400313 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 216-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. T. Anim ◽

W. N. Laing

Keyword(s):

Inferior Vena Cava ◽

Thoracic Aorta ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Inferior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Traumatic Rupture

A case of rupture of both thoracic aorta and inferior vena cava and laceration of the lung with instantaneous death is reported. Because the accident occurred at the place of work and while using modern machinery, it highlights the need for, and use of, safety mechanisms on modern machinery. Regulations controlling the use of such machinery are provided in the Ghana Factories Woodworking Regulations 1959, s. 4 and 5, and these have obviously been disregarded in this particular case.

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