New simple methods for isolating baroreceptor regions of carotid sinus and aortic depressor nerves in rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (1) ◽  
pp. H326-H332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Sato ◽  
Toru Kawada ◽  
Hiroshi Miyano ◽  
Toshiaki Shishido ◽  
Masashi Inagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Aortic Depressor Nerve ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
Carotid Sinus Baroreflex ◽  
The Right

We developed new methods for isolating in situ baroreceptor regions of carotid sinus and aortic depressor nerves in halothane-anesthetized rats. After ligation of the root of the external carotid artery, the internal carotid and pterygopalatine arteries were embolized with two ball bearings of 0.8 mm in diameter. Bilateral carotid sinus pressures were changed between 60 and 180 mmHg in 20-mmHg steps lasting 1 min each. The sigmoidal steady-state relationship between aortic and carotid sinus pressures in 11 rats indicated the maximum gain of the carotid sinus baroreflex to be −2.99 ± 0.75 at 120 ± 5 mmHg. An in situ isolation of the baroreceptor area of the right aortic depressor nerve could be made by ligation of the innominate, common carotid, and subclavian arteries in 9 rats. Pressure imposed on the subclavian baroreceptor was altered between 40 and 180 mmHg in 20-mmHg steps lasting 1 min each. The sigmoidal steady-state relationship between the aortic depressor nerve activity and imposed pressure showed that the baroreceptor gain peaked at 118 ± 4 mmHg. We established an easy approach to the rat baroreflex and baroreceptor research.

Acute resetting of the carotid sinus baroreflex by aortic depressor nerve stimulation

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (4) ◽  
pp. H1215-H1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hayward ◽  
M. Hay ◽  
R. B. Felder
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Aortic Depressor Nerve ◽  
Central Neurons ◽  
Carotid Sinus Baroreflex ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sinus Pressure ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

The effect of prolonged aortic depressor nerve (ADN) stimulation on carotid sinus baroreflex regulation of arterial pressure (AP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) was examined in anesthetized rabbits. Ramp increases in carotid sinus pressure (CSP) were repeated before and after 5 min of bilateral ADN stimulation. One minute after ADN stimulation the curve relating AP to CSP had shifted up and to the right, characterized by significant increases (P < 0.05) in the maximum (91 +/- 2 to 101 +/- 3 mmHg; mean +/- SE), midpoint (118 +/- 7 to 125 +/- 8 mmHg CSP), and minimum (45 +/- 3 to 53 +/- 4 mmHg) of the AP reflex curve. There was a parallel shift downward of the curve relating RSNA to CSP, characterized by significant decreases in the maximum [100 +/- 0 to 66 +/- 8% of maximum control RSNA value (%max)], the range (90 +/- 2 to 59 +/- 8%max), and the gain (-1.0 +/- 0.2 to -0.5 +/- 0.1%max/mmHg) of the RSNA reflex curve. Values returned to control within 10 min of cessation of ADN stimulation. These results suggest that central neurons processing baroreflex information from one set of mechanoreceptors can be reset by convergent signals arising from another baroreceptor site.

Direct carotid sinus approach to treatment of bilateral carotid-cavernous fistulas

1988 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 942-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Albert ◽  
Manuel Polaina ◽  
Francisco Trujillo ◽  
José Romero
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Occipital Artery ◽  
Lateral Sinus ◽  
Direct Puncture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
The Right ◽  
Carotid Cavernous Fistulas

✓ The authors present a patient with a complex vascular malformation composed of bilateral spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCF's). The abnormality was supplied on the right side by the right external carotid artery (ECA) and the right internal carotid artery (ICA), and on the left side only by the left ICA. There was also an arteriovenous communication between the right ECA and the lateral sinus. Surgical embolization of both cavernous sinuses with oxidized cellulose was achieved on one side by direct puncture and on the other through one of its venous affluents, successfully occluding both CCF's and preserving the patency of both ICA's without any neurological deficit. The arteriovenous communication between the right ECA and the lateral sinus was occluded by embolization of the occipital artery and ligation of the right ECA.

An in situ brain perfusion technique to study cerebrovascular transport in the rat

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (3) ◽  
pp. H484-H493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Takasato ◽  
S. I. Rapoport ◽  
Q. R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Perfusion Technique ◽  
Conscious Rat ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Regional Flow ◽  
In Situ Brain Perfusion ◽  
The Right

The right cerebral hemisphere of the rat was perfused in situ by retrograde infusion of HCO3 saline or blood into the right external carotid artery. Infusion rate was adjusted to minimize the contribution of systemic blood to flow in the hemisphere. During perfusion with whole or artificial blood, regional cerebral blood flow and blood volume were comparable to respective values in the conscious rat, whereas perfusion with HCO3 saline increased regional flow three- to fourfold due to the low viscosity of the saline perfusate. Perfusion with whole blood for 300 S or with HCO3 saline for 60 S did not alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Cerebrovascular permeability coefficients of eight nonelectrolytes ranged from 10(-8) to 10(-4) cm X S-1 and were directly proportional to the octanol-water partition coefficient of the solute. Thus the in situ brain perfusion technique is a sensitive new method to study cerebrovascular transfer in the rat and permits absolute control of perfusate composition.

scholarly journals Branchial Cyst in the Parapharyngeal Space: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Iyad Said Hamadi ◽  
Lubna Lutfi ◽  
Asma Anan Mohammed ◽  
Zahr Alkhadem
Keyword(s):  
Branchial Arch ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
Cystic Mass ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Branchial Cyst ◽  
Embryonic Life ◽  
Branchial Cleft ◽  
The Right

Branchial cleft cysts are congenital anomalies that most commonly arise from a failure of fusion of the second branchial arch during embryonic life. They usually present as a swelling in the lateral side of the neck, below the mandible. In this article, we present a case of a 28-year-old female patient with a right branchial cyst measuring 7 × 6 × 5 cm, who presented with an asymptomatic, rapidly growing mass in the right anterior triangle of the neck that abutted the right external carotid artery, leading to stenosis of the vessel that is preceded by dilatation above the site of compression. She underwent excision of the cystic mass with preservation of the facial nerve and presented no active complaints on follow-up a few weeks postoperatively.

Interaction of right and left carotid sinus baroreflexes in the dog

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (1) ◽  
pp. H96-H107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Greene ◽  
M. J. Brunner ◽  
A. A. Shoukas
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
Simultaneous Excitation ◽  
Carotid Sinus Baroreflex ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sinus Pressure

Carotid sinus reflex interactions were studied in 10 dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. The right and left carotid sinus regions were isolated and perfused at controlled pressures. Pressure in the right and left carotid sinuses were independently varied, and the resulting steady-state reflex changes in arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory frequency, tidal volume, and total ventilation were measured. Reflex changes when carotid sinus pressure was changed on one side were strongly influenced by pressure in the contralateral carotid sinus (P less than 0.05). Right carotid sinus gain was found to be 0.628 +/- 0.058 at a left carotid sinus pressure of 50 mmHg and 0.148 +/- 0.027 when left carotid sinus pressure was 200 mmHg. Similar results were found for left carotid sinus gain. Suppression was also found for heart rate, respiratory rate, tidal volume, and total ventilation. The hypothesis that rapid resetting of one carotid sinus baroreflex might influence responses from the other side was also tested. Although ipsilateral resetting was consistently observed, no contralateral component of the resetting was detected. An additional inhibitory summation between the right and left carotid sinuses was found such that simultaneous excitation of both receptors resulted in a smaller reflex response than did the sum of individual responses. Sympathetic denervation of the carotid sinus region had no effect.

PGE2 does not act at carotid sinus to raise arterial pressure in conscious sheep

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (6) ◽  
pp. H1007-H1012
Author(s):  
B. A. Breuhaus ◽  
J. E. Chimoskey
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Conscious Sheep ◽  
Female Sheep

Conscious chronically instrumented adult female sheep were used to determine whether direct action of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the carotid sinus baroreceptors contributes to the pressor response observed during infusion of PGE2 into the common carotid artery (CCA). During infusion of PGE2 into the CCA caudal to an intact carotid sinus, into the CCA caudal to a denervated carotid sinus, and into the external carotid artery, mean arterial pressure (MAP) rose 17, 22, and 17 mmHg, respectively (P less than 0.01). Heart rate (HR) rose 6, 6, and 8 beats/min, respectively (P less than 0.05). Cardiac output (CO) was also measured by indicator dilution using indocyanine green. In these experiments with infusion of PGE2 into the external carotid artery, MAP rose 15 mmHg (P less than 0.01), HR increased 6 beats/min (P less than 0.05), CO did not change, and total peripheral resistance (TPR) increased 23% (P less than 0.01). With infusion of PGE2 past a denervated carotid sinus, MAP rose 20 mmHg (P less than 0.01), HR rose 4 beats/min (P less than 0.05), CO did not change, and TPR increased 29% (P less than 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in MAP or HR responses when PGE2 was infused past an intact carotid sinus, past a denervated carotid sinus, or beyond the carotid sinus. There is no evidence that direct action of PGE2 on carotid sinus baroreceptors either augments or inhibits the observed pressor effect of intracarotid PGE2. Intracarotid PGE2 acts rostral to the carotid sinus to increase MAP, HR, and TPR in conscious sheep.

Dynamic transduction properties of in situ baroreceptors of rabbit aortic depressor nerve

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (1) ◽  
pp. H358-H365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Sato ◽  
Toru Kawada ◽  
Toshiaki Shishido ◽  
Hiroshi Miyano ◽  
Masashi Inagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Innominate Artery ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Aortic Depressor Nerve ◽  
The Right ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries ◽  
Made In

We developed a new method for isolating in situ baroreceptor regions of the rabbit aortic depressor nerve (ADN) and estimated the transfer function from pressure to afferent nerve activity in the frequency range of 0.01–5 Hz by a white noise technique. Complete isolation of the baroreceptor area of the right ADN was made in situ by ligation of the innominate artery and the right subclavian and common carotid arteries. We altered the pressure in the isolated baroreceptor area according to a binary quasi-white noise between 80 and 100 mmHg in 12 urethan-anesthetized rabbits. The gain increased two to three times as the frequency of pressure perturbation increased from 0.01 to 2 Hz and then decreased at higher frequencies. The phase slightly led below 0.2 Hz. The squared coherence value was >0.8 in the frequency range of 0.01–4 Hz. The step responses estimated from the transfer function were indistinguishable from those actually observed. We conclude that the baroreceptor transduction of the ADN is governed by linear dynamics under the physiological operating pressure range.

scholarly journals Massive Cerebral Infarction Following Facial Injection of Autologous Fat: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Qian ◽  
Yuxiao Ling ◽  
Mengwen Zhang ◽  
Cameron Lenahan ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
Fat Grafting ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Autologous Fat ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
The Right

Facial fat grafting techniques often offer impressive surgical results. However, fatal complications, such as irreversible cerebral ischemia, blindness, and hemiplegia are associated with them. We have presented a case report of a patient who presented with a massive cerebral infarction, a serious complication of facial autologous fat injection. The patient was a 28-year-old female who experienced motor dysfunction of the left extremities, which was accompanied with loss of consciousness immediately following fat grafting for facial augmentation. Imaging studies suggested that the patient had a large cerebral infarction on the right frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes due to complete occlusion of her right external carotid artery. Emergency decompressive craniectomy was completed in addition to multiple follow-up medical treatments. The patient recovered after 4 months with reduced motor function in her left upper extremity. This report further summarizes published cases of massive cerebral ischemia after facial injection of autologous fat, as well as lists high-risk facial areas and critical warnings.

scholarly journals Trifurcation of the right common carotid artery

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
R. Chitra
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Occipital Artery ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

ABSTRACTVariations in the position of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and the origin or branching pattern of the external carotid artery are well known and documented. Here, we report the trifurcation of the right common carotid artery in a male cadaver aged about 55 years. The right common carotid artery was found to divide into the external and internal carotids and the occipital artery. High division of bilateral common carotid arteries and a lateral position of the right external carotid artery at its origin were also observed in the same cadaver. There were two ascending pharyngeal arteries on the right side - one from the occipital artery and another from the internal carotid artery. The intraarterial approach is one of the most important routes for the administration of anticancer drugs for head and neck cancers. A profound knowledge of the anatomical characteristics and variations of the carotid artery such as its branching pattern and its position is essential to avoid complications with catheter insertion.

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