Experimental enlargement of submandibular salivary glands of rats

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Wells ◽  
Paul L. Munson
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Incisor Tooth ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
Gingival Margin ◽  
Adjacent Mucosa ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Glands

An increase of 12% in fresh and dry weight of the submandibular salivary glands was observed 24 hours after a single amputation of the lower incisor teeth. The effect of repeated amputations was increased by increasing the frequency of amputations and by lengthening the period of amputations. After cessation of a series of amputations, the weight of the hypertrophied salivary glands decreased gradually to approach the control level. Repeated amputation of only one lower incisor tooth was much less effective than amputation of both, and the effect was largely but not entirely restricted to the ipsilateral glands. Ulceration of the adjacent mucosa without amputation of the incisors had no detectable effect on the salivary glands. After amputation of the tips of the incisor teeth without exposure of the pulp or after half-amputations with minimum exposure, the salivary glands increased in weight significantly but much less than after amputation at the gingival margin. It is concluded that the data support the reflex neurological explanation of the phenomenon previously offered by the authors.

Increase in weight of the submandibular salivary glands of rats following periodic amputation of the erupted portion of the incisor teeth

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Wells ◽  
S. Jerome Zackin ◽  
Paul Gold-Haber ◽  
Paul L. Munson
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Submandibular Glands ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Glands ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Lower Incisors

Periodic amputation of the erupted portion of the lower incisors of albino rats resulted in a marked increase in the wet and dry weight of the submandibular salivary glands as early as 7 days after the first amputation. Enlargement of both serous and mucous acini was observed, but no effect on the cells of the tubules could be detected. Amputation of the upper incisors alone did not result in enlargement of the submandibular glands. Hypophysectomy decreased the extent of the response to amputation of the lower incisors but did not abolish it. Chronic treatment with cortisone had no significant effect on the weight of the glands. A reflex neurologic explanation was offered as a tentative basis for understanding the phenomenon and as a starting point for further investigation.

Inhibition by surgical procedures and drugs of accelerated growth of salivary glands of rats

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Wells
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Glands ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Pterygomandibular Space ◽  
And Function ◽  
Adrenergic Blocking

The increase in weight of the submandibular salivary glands which usually follows amputation of the lower incisor teeth was not observed when amputation was preceded by bilateral injection of ethanol into the pterygomandibular space. Implantation into the incisor pulp canals of cotton pledgets impregnated with ethanol or formalin did not prevent the response to amputation. Although resection of a portion of the inferior alveolar nerve did not alter the response of the glands to amputation in rats with intact teeth, the weight of the glands increased slightly after resection of the nerve alone. The increase in gland weight which follows a single amputation of the teeth did not occur in rats treated with barbital, or with chlorisondamine, a ganglionic blocking agent. An adrenergic blocking agent, Dibenamine, not only blocked the response to amputation of the teeth but resulted in atrophy of the submandibular glands in intact rats. It is concluded that the data support the reflex neurological explanation of the phenomenon previously offered, and that the sympathetic nervous system may be involved not only in the response to amputation of the teeth but in the maintenance of normal gland size and function.

Taste receptors and sialadenotrophic action of proteolytic enzymes in rats

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Wells ◽  
Angela A. V. Peronace ◽  
Lawrence W. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Taste Receptors ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
Autonomic Denervation ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Bacterial Protease ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Glands ◽  
Reflex Arc

Dietary administration of proteolytic enzymes such as chymotrypsin, trypsin, bacterial protease, or papain resulted in a marked increase in the weight of the submandibular salivary glands. After sympathectomy, but not parasympathectomy, the response of the glands to papain was partially reduced. After complete autonomic denervation the papain effect was absent completely. The enzymes retained their sialadenotrophic action when administered as intra-oral drops, but were not effective if administered by stomach tube. Although the response to papain was completely absent after section of the glossopharyngeal nerves, section of the lingual nerves did not affect the response. The sialadenotrophic effect of repeated amputation of lower incisor teeth was not altered by prior section of the glossopharyngeal or lingual nerves. The results suggest that the sialadenotrophic action of proteolytic enzymes depends on a neural reflex arc. The afferent arm consists of the taste receptors innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerves, while the efferent arm is composed of both branches of the autonomic nervous supply to the glands.

scholarly journals Qualitative ultrastructural analysis of the submandibular salivary glands after administration of khat: in vivo study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamilah Al-Qadhi ◽  
Rabab Mubarak
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Gland ◽  
Catha Edulis ◽  
Ductal Cells ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuoles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Glands

Abstract Objective Khat (Catha edulis Forssk) plant has been widely chewed for its psychostimulatory effects in the African and Arabian Peninsula, particularly in Yemen. Considering the khat leaves are gradually chewed without swallowing, while its active constituents are extracted into saliva, studying the effect of khat on salivary glands is necessary. This work is an extension of the previously published work that studied the effect of khat extract on the rats' submandibular salivary glands in terms of histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. The current research note aimed to better understand this effect on the ultrastructure of submandibular salivary gland cells by using transmission electron microscope. Results Oral administration of khat extract produced degenerative changes in the secretory and ductal cells of rats' submandibular salivary glands. These changes involved irregular boundaries of variable sized-nuclei, dilated RER, cytoplasmic vacuoles as well as swollen and degenerated mitochondria.

Localization of Chromogranins, Non-neuron-specific Enolase, and Different Forms of Somatostatins in the Submandibular Salivary Glands of Mice

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1494-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Letić-Gavrilović ◽  
K. Abe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Duct System ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Chromogranin B ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Glands

The localizations of chromogranins A, B, and C, neuron-specific enolase (NSE, γγ-type) and non-NSE (αα-type), and different forms of somatostatins were immunocytochemically identified. The localizations were compared with those of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the submandibular salivary glands (SMG) of male mice at five to six weeks of age, with use of a variety of antibodies and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) and avidin-biotin complex (ABC) detection methods. In the SMG of male mice, the major chromogranin present was chromogranin A, whereas chromogranins B and C were not detected at these ages by either method. Chromogranin Alike immunoreactivity was located in the granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells of the SMG, whereas non-NSE immunoreactivity was observed throughout the duct system and in some acinar-associated cells. NSE was not detected in any part of the SMG. The distribution of chromogranin A and somatostatins in the GCT cells was similar to that of EGF and NGF. Our results strongly suggest that chromogranin A and somatostatins, but not chromogranin B or C, may be useful as a means of differentiation of the cells in the duct system of the SMG responsible for the production of biologically-active factors.

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