Characterization of the metabolic gradient in cat small intestine by layer fractionation

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
H L. Dorman ◽  
F. R. Steggerda
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Circular Muscle Layer ◽  
Tentative Explanation ◽  
Graded Activity ◽  
Mechanical Separation ◽  
Intrinsic Ganglia

Gradations in oxygen consumption were observed in preparations of intact segments and in layer fractions of cat small intestine, which were excised following Nembutal anesthesia. Mechanical separation of the intestinal segments into layers provided a means for localization of these gradients within specific components of the intestinal wall. Gradients were found in segments of the submucosal and mucosal layers and in segments composed of circular muscle, submucosa, and mucosa; but none was observed in segments of the isolated circular muscle layer. Inactivation of one or both intrinsic ganglionic plexuses by mechanical separation abolished the gradient associated with the circular muscle layer. The tentative explanation of these findings is that the existence of a metabolic gradient within the intestine arises from two sources: a) a graded activity within the submucosal mucosal layers and b) a sharply graded differential oxygen consumption within the muscular layers which is controlled by the functional activity of the intrinsic ganglia.

scholarly journals Occurrence of FMRF amide-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in guinea pig small intestine.

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1427-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Fehér ◽  
G Burnstock
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Circular Muscle Layer ◽  
Fmrf Amide ◽  
Granular Vesicles ◽  
Large Granular Vesicles

We investigated the distribution of FMRF amide-like immunoreactivity in the small intestine of the guinea pig. Immunoreactive nerve fibers were found mainly in the myenteric and submucous plexuses and in the inner circular muscle layer. The labeled processes contained variable proportions of small clear vesicles 30-40 nm in diameter and large granular vesicles 80-120 nm in diameter. The large granular vesicles showed heavy immunoreactivity. The antisera against FMRF amide crossreact with peptides belonging to the pancreatic polypeptide family; it has therefore been suggested that the FMRF amide immunoreactivity demonstrated in the small intestine is caused by a peptide that is biosynthetically related to, but not necessarily a member of, the pancreatic polypeptide family.

Distribution of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) nerve structures in the porcine large intestine

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slawomir Gonkowski ◽  
Piotr Burliński ◽  
Cezary Skobowiat ◽  
Mariusz Majewski ◽  
Marcin Arciszewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Transverse Colon ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Circular Muscle Layer ◽  
Mucosal Layer ◽  
Colon And Rectum

The aim of the present study was to investigate the number of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) nerve structures in the large intestine of juvenile pigs. The distribution pattern of CART-LI structures was studied by immunohistochemistry in the circular muscle layer, myenteric (MP), outer submucous (OSP) and inner submucous plexus (ISP) as well as in the mucosal layer of six regions of the large bowel: caecum, centripetal and centrifugal turns of the proximal colon, transverse colon, descending colon and rectum. CART-LI neural structures were observed in all gut fragments studied. CART-LI nerve fibres were numerous within the circular muscle layer and in the MP of all the regions studied, while they were moderate or few in number in other layers of the intestinal wall. The numbers of CART-LI neurons within the MP amounted to 2.02% in the caecum to 7.92% in the rectum, within the OSP from 2.73% in the centrifugal turns of the proximal colon to 5.70% in the rectum, and within the ISP from 2.23% in the transverse colon to 5.32% in the centrifugal turns of the proximal colon. The present study reports for the first time a detailed description of the CART distribution pattern within the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the porcine large intestine.

The site selected by the larvae of Heligmosomoides polygyrus

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. K. Sukhdeo ◽  
R. T. O'Grady ◽  
S. C. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Histological Evidence ◽  
Circular Muscle Layer ◽  
True Cyst ◽  
Muscularis Externa

AbstractHistological examination of the small intestine of mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus indicates that the final site of the larvae is in the circular muscle layer of the muscularis externa of the anterior small intestine. The larvae become embedded in the muscle between the first and third days after infection and are subsequently sequestered by a localized leucocytic response. There is no evidence of a true cyst. Histological evidence suggests that the larvae actively feed on the tissues of the host during their development.

scholarly journals First reported case of per anal endoscopic myectomy (PAEM): A novel endoscopic technique for resection of lesions with severe fibrosis in the rectum

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. E146-E150 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rahni ◽  
Takashi Toyonaga ◽  
Yoshiko Ohara ◽  
Francesco Lombardo ◽  
Shinichi Baba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Rectal Tumor ◽  
Resection Margins ◽  
Submucosal Layer ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle Layer ◽  
Circular Muscle Layer ◽  
Tunneling Method ◽  
Severe Fibrosis

Background and study aims A 54-year-old man was diagnosed with a rectal tumor extending through the submucosal layer. The patient refused surgery and therefore endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was pursued. The lesion exhibited the muscle retraction sign. After dissecting circumferentially around the fibrotic area by double tunneling method, a myotomy was performed through the internal circular muscle layer, creating a plane of dissection between the internal circular muscle layer and the external longitudinal muscle layer, and a myectomy was completed.The pathologic specimen verified T1b grade 1 sprouting adenocarcinoma with 4350 µm invasion into the submucosa with negative resection margins.

scholarly journals The transwall gradient across the mouse colonic circular muscle layer is carbon monoxide dependent

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 3840-3849 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sha ◽  
G. Farrugia ◽  
D. R. Linden ◽  
J. H. Szurszewski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Circular Muscle Layer

Cholinergic nerve-mediated excitation in the guinea pig choledochoduodenal junction activated by distension

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. G938-G946 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Vogalis ◽  
R. R. Bywater ◽  
G. S. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Circular Muscle Layer ◽  
Circular Layer ◽  
Longitudinal Layer

The electrical basis of propulsive contractions in the guinea pig choledochoduodenal junction (CDJ), which are triggered by distension, was investigated using intracellular microelectrode recording techniques. The isolated CDJ was placed in a continuously perfused tissue chamber at 37 degrees C. Membrane potential was recorded from smooth muscle cells in either the ampulla or in the upper CDJ (upper junction) regions, which were immobilized by pinning. Distension of the upper junction (20-30 s) by increasing intraductal hydrostatic pressure (mean elevation: 2.0 +/- 0.3 kPa, n = 13) triggered "transient depolarizations" (TDs: < 5 mV in amplitude and 2-5 s in duration) and action potentials in the circular muscle layer of the ampulla. The frequency of TDs in the ampulla was increased from 2.2 +/- 0.2 to 15.9 +/- 2.2 min-1 (n = 13) during distension. Simultaneous impalements of cells in the longitudinal and circular muscle layers in the ampulla revealed that subthreshold TDs in the circular layer were associated with an increased rate of action potential discharge in the longitudinal layer. Atropine (Atr; 1.4 x 10(-6) M) and tetrodotoxin (TTX; 3.1 x 10(-6) M blocked the distension-evoked increase in TD frequency, without affecting the frequency of ongoing TDs. The sulfated octapeptide of cholecystokinin (1-5 x 10(-8) M) increased the amplitude of TDs recorded in the circular muscle layer of the ampulla and increased action potential discharge rate. In separate recordings, radial stretch of the ampulla region increased the rate of discharge of action potentials in the smooth muscle of the upper junction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effects of transmural field stimulation in isolated muscle strips from human esophagus

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (3) ◽  
pp. G344-G351 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tottrup ◽  
A. Forman ◽  
P. Funch-Jensen ◽  
U. Raundahl ◽  
K. E. Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Field Stimulation ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle Layer ◽  
Circular Muscle Layer ◽  
Human Esophagus ◽  
40 Hz

Smooth muscle strips representing longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) and esophageal body (EB) of the human esophagus were prepared. The strips were mounted in organ baths and isometric tension was recorded. Square wave stimulation was applied through platinum electrodes. Only responses abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX) were considered neurogenic. Strips taken from longitudinal muscle layers of the EB and EGJ contracted during field stimulation. The responses evoked were abolished by atropine, and optimal frequency of stimulation was 40 Hz. In strips taken from the circular muscle layer of the EB, a contraction occurred after cessation of the stimulus. Atropine inhibited 90% of this response; the optimal stimulation frequency was 40 Hz. When a tone was induced in strips from this layer, a TTX-sensitive relaxation was seen during field stimulation. During stimulation of strips from the EGJ circular muscle layer, which was the only preparation developing spontaneous active tone, a relaxation was seen. A small contraction followed after termination of the stimulus. The relaxation, which was nonadrenergic, noncholinergic, reached maximum at 10 Hz. Atropine inhibited 40% of the contraction. The results suggest that in the longitudinal muscle layer of the human lower esophagus field stimulation causes postganglionic nerves to release transmitter(s) acting on muscarinic receptors. The responses of circular muscle layers seem to be mediated through release of at least two transmitters.

scholarly journals A Qualitative and Quantitative Study on the Enkephalinergic Innervation of the Pig Gastrointestinal Tract

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Porcher ◽  
Yvon Julé ◽  
Monique Henry
Keyword(s):  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle Layer ◽  
Submucous Plexus ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

Enkephalins are involved in neural control of digestive functions such as motility, secretion, and absorption. To better understand their role in pigs, we analyzed the qualitative and quantitative distribution of enkephalin immunoreactivity (ENK-IR) in components of the intestinal wall from the esophagus to the anal sphincter. Immunohistochemical labelings were analyzed using conventional fluorescence and confocal microscopy. ENK-IR was compared with the synaptophysin immunoreactivity (SYN-IR). The results show that maximal ENK-IR levels in the entire digestive tract are reached in the myenteric plexuses and, to a lesser extent, in the external submucous plexus and the circular muscle layer. In the longitudinal muscle layer, ENK-IR was present in the esophagus, stomach, rectum, and anal sphincter, whereas it was absent from the duodenum to the distal colon. In the ENK-IR plexuses and muscle layers, more than 60% of the nerve fibers identified by SYN-IR expressed ENK-IR. No ENK-IR was observed in the internal submucous plexus and the mucosa; the latter was found to contain ENK-IR endocrine cells. These results strongly suggest that, in pigs, enkephalins play a major role in the regulatory mechanisms that underlie the neural control of digestive motility.

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