Renal water reabsorption during saline and urea osmotic diuresis in the dog

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Maude ◽  
Laurence G. Wesson
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Osmotic Diuresis ◽  
Sodium Salts

Free water reabsorption (Twc) was measured in conscious dogs during a long-term, reasonably steady-state osmotic diuresis induced either by sodium salts or by urea. After 4 to 8 hr the original solute was partially replaced by urea or by sodium salts. Both the replacement of sodium salts by urea and the converse procedure were associated with an augmentation in Twc. During sodium diuresis Twc always fell during the first 2 or 3 hr, a change which appeared unrelated to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or to osmolar clearance. During the course of urea diuresis Twc steadily increased and showed a positive correlation with GFR. A possible basis for such a correlation is discussed.

THE EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND CORTICOTROPHIN ON THE RENAL SENSITIVITY TO ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE

1967 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. BAUMAN
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

SUMMARY Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF) and solute-free water reabsorption (TcH2O) were measured in anaesthetized intact and hypophysectomized rats and in hypophysectomized rats treated with corticotrophin (ACTH). GFR and RPF were measured by [14C]inulin and [3H]p-aminohippuric acid clearances. In agreement with previous reports, these two functions were found to be reduced by hypophysectomy. Infusion of vasopressin increased TcH2O in the intact rat but failed to produce a significant change in the hypophysectomized rat. Treatment of hypophysectomized rats with ACTH restored the effects of vasopressin on TcH2O. ACTH also increased the RPF of hypophysectomized rats to normal values, but only partially restored GFR.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Separate Glomerular Filtration Rate in Partially Obstructed Kidneys

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Piepsz ◽  
H. R. Ham ◽  
M. Hall ◽  
Y. Thoua ◽  
J. L. Froideville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Protein Intake and Long-term Change in Glomerular Filtration Rate in the Jackson Heart Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Malhotra ◽  
Loren Lipworth ◽  
Kerri L. Cavanaugh ◽  
Bessie A. Young ◽  
Katherine L. Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Heart Study

scholarly journals Sickle Cell Nephropathy and Associated Factors among Asymptomatic Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Uchenna Modestus Nnaji ◽  
Christian Chukwukere Ogoke ◽  
Henrietta Uche Okafor ◽  
Kingsley I. Achigbu
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sickle Cell Nephropathy

Background. Sickle cell nephropathy (SCN) is a serious complication of sickle cell anaemia (SCA) with asymptomatic onset in childhood and possible progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). In Southeast Nigeria, few studies have evaluated renal function in paediatric SCA patients for early detection of renal impairment and early intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study evaluated the renal function of paediatric SCA patients in a steady state based on glomerular filtration rate and urinalysis findings (proteinuria and haematuria). Methods. A cross-sectional study of consecutively recruited sixty haemoglobin SS (HbSS) children in a steady state and sixty age- and sex-matched haemoglobin AA (HbAA) controls aged 2–18 years was done. Renal function of HbSS subjects was evaluated using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) which was compared with healthy HbAA subjects. The prevalence of significant proteinuria and haematuria, its association with eGFR, and the effect of past sickle cell crisis (in the preceding 24 months) on renal function were also evaluated. Results. Mean eGFR was significantly higher in HbSS subjects than in the HbAA subjects (p=0.001) and decreased with age. Significant proteinuria and haematuria were more prevalent in the HbSS group (3.4% and 6.7%, respectively) compared to the HbAA subjects (0% and 0%, respectively) (p=0.496 and 0.119, respectively). No significant association was observed between eGFR and proteinuria (p=1.000) or haematuria (p=1.000). There was a positive correlation between eGFR and frequency of past painful crisis that required hospitalization (r=0.138, p=0.295) and between eGFR and frequency of blood transfusion (r=0.679, p≤0.001). Conclusions. Asymptomatic paediatric HbSS (SCA) patients had higher mean eGFR indicating an increased risk of nephropathy. There was no association between eGFR and proteinuria or haematuria. Frequent sickle cell crises especially one requiring transfusion were positively correlated with hyperfiltration.

scholarly journals Long-term renal function and continence status in patients with

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis H.P. Braga ◽  
Armando J. Lorenzo ◽  
Sumit Dave ◽  
Maria H. Del-Valle ◽  
Antoine E. Khoury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Urogenital Sinus ◽  
Renal Outcome ◽  
Urinary Continence ◽  
Renal Ultrasound ◽  
Common Channel

Introduction: Urinary continence after cloacal repair is difficult to achieveand renal outcome in patients with cloacal malformations has been scarcelyreported. As a result, we reviewed our experience with cloacal malformationsto determine the status of continence and the long-term renal function in thesechildren.Methods: A retrospective chart review from 1990 to 2003 identified 12 patientswith cloacal malformation (1 posterior, 4 complex and 7 classical) who underwentsurgical reconstruction. The confluence was defined as high (commonchannel ≥ 3 cm) and low (< 3 cm) by cystovaginoscopy. Renal ultrasound,voiding cystouretrogram, renal scan and sacral radiograph were performedin all children. Most patients underwent 1-stage abdominoperineal pull-through,applying the principle of total urogenital sinus mobilization. We collected dataregarding hydronephrosis, vesicoureteral reflux and split differential renal function.Renal outcome was evaluated based on glomerular filtration rate and ageadjustedserum creatinine values (μmol/L). Urinary continence was definedas a dry interval > 4 hours.Results: Patients’ mean age at surgery was 20 months (range 7–29 mo). Ofthe 12 children who underwent cloacal repair, 7 (58.3%) had a common channel≥ 3cm. Renal anomalies were identified in 3 of 12 (25%) girls: there were 2 solitary kidneys and 1 pelvic kidney. Lumbar–sacral radiography demonstrated bony abnormalities in 11 of the 12 (91.6%) cases: hemivertebra in 3 cases, sacral agenesis in 4 cases, hypoplastic sacrum in 3 cases and bifid sacrum in 1 case. Total urogenital sinus mobilization through an abdominoperineal approach in a single stage was performed in 8 girls. Follow-up ranged from 4 to 14 years (mean 8.5 yr). Eight (66.6%) children had dry intervals > 4 hours, 5 (62.5%) of them were on clean intermittent catheterization through aMitrofanoff channel and 1 (12.5%) was through the urethra. The remaining 2 (25%) patients were voiding spontaneously. Three (33.3%) patients were totally incontinent, and 1 (8.3%) patient was awaiting reconstruction. The mean measured glomerular filtration rate was 93.5 mL/min/1.73m2 (range 34–152 mL/min/1.73m2). Four (57.1%) of 7 patients who had a common channel ≥ 3 cm ended up needing augmentation cystoplasty, compared with none of the patients with a common channel < 3 cm (57.1% v. 0%, p = 0.038).Conclusion: Urinary continence can be achieved in most patients with cloacalmalformation at the expense of major reconstructive surgery and despite thepresence of associated urological abnormalities. However, these childrenharbour an important risk for renal impairment later in life and should be closelymonitored.

Effects of different angiotensins during acute, double blockade of the renin system in conscious dogs

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (5) ◽  
pp. R971-R980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Wamberg ◽  
Ronni R. Plovsing ◽  
Niels C. F. Sandgaard ◽  
Peter Bie
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Ang Iv

Evidence of biological activity of fragments of ANG II is accumulating. Fragments considered being inactive degradation products might mediate actions previously attributed to ANG II. The study aimed to determine whether angiotensin fragments exert biological activity when administered in amounts equimolar to physiological doses of ANG II. Cardiovascular, endocrine, and renal effects of ANG II, ANG III, ANG IV, and ANG-(1-7) (6 pmol·kg-1·min-1) were investigated in conscious dogs during acute inhibition of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (enalaprilate) and aldosterone (canrenoate). Furthermore, ANG III was investigated by step-up infusion (30 and 150 pmol·kg-1·min-1). Arterial plasma concentrations [ANG immunoreactivity (IR)] were determined by an ANG II antibody cross-reacting with ANG III and ANG IV. Metabolic clearance rates were higher for ANG III and ANG IV (391 ± 19 and 274 ± 13 ml·kg-1·min-1, respectively) than for ANG II (107 ± 13 ml·kg-1·min-1). ANG II increased ANG IR by 60 ± 7 pmol/ml, blood pressure by 30%, increased plasma aldosterone markedly (to 345 ± 72 pg/ml), and plasma vasopressin transiently, while reducing glomerular filtration rate (40 ± 2 to 33 ± 2 ml/min), sodium excretion (50 ± 7 to 16 ± 4 μmol/min), and urine flow. Equimolar amounts of ANG III induced similar antinatriuresis (57 ± 8 to 19 ± 3 μmol/min) and aldosterone secretion (to 268 ± 71 pg/ml) at much lower ANG IR increments (∼1/7) without affecting blood pressure, vasopressin, or glomerular filtration rate. The effects of ANG III exhibited complex dose-response relations. ANG IV and ANG-(1-7) were ineffective. It is concluded that 1) plasma clearances of ANG III and ANG IV are higher than those of ANG II; 2) ANG III is more potent than ANG II in eliciting immediate sodium and potassium retention, as well as aldosterone secretion, particularly at low concentrations; and 3) the complexity of the ANG III dose-response relationships provides indirect evidence that several effector mechanisms are involved.

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