scholarly journals Anaphylaxis stimulates afferent vagal nerve activity and efferent sympathetic nerve activity in the stomach of anesthetized rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. R337-R345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhichi Kuda ◽  
Mamoru Tanida ◽  
Fu Chen ◽  
Yasutaka Kurata ◽  
Toshishige Shibamoto
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Vagal Nerve ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Systemic Anaphylaxis ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Vagal Nerve Activity

Systemic anaphylaxis is a life-threatening and allergic reaction that affects various organs. We previously reported that, in the stomach, gastric vasoconstriction occurring at the late phase (15–55 min after injection of ovalbumin antigen) was observed in anesthetized rats sensitized with ovalbumin. In addition, anaphylaxis enhances gastric motility and delays emptying. However, the role of extrinsic autonomic nervous system on antigen-induced gastric alterations was not known. Thus, using the same rat anaphylaxis model, we aimed to determine the changes in the efferent and afferent autonomic nerve activities in the stomach during anaphylactic hypotension. The findings showed that injection of ovalbumin antigen caused substantial systemic hypotension in all sensitized rats. The efferent gastric sympathetic nerve activity (ef-GSNA), but not the efferent vagal nerve activity, increased only at the early phase (1–10 min after injection of ovalbumin antigen) and showed baroreceptor reflex, as evidenced by a stimulatory response to sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension. In general, excitation of ef-GSNA could induce pylorus sphincter contraction and gastric vasoconstriction. In the present study, we found that sympathectomy attenuated the anaphylaxis-induced decrease in gastric flux but not the increase in gastric vascular resistance. Thus, the increase in ef-GSNA may cause anaphylactic pylorus sphincter contraction but not anaphylactic gastric vasoconstriction. On the other hand, the afferent gastric vagal nerve activity, but not the afferent sympathetic nerve activity, increased during the early phase of anaphylactic hypotension. However, vagotomy produced no effects on the anaphylactic gastric dysfunction. In conclusion, the gastric sympathetic nerves partly modulate stomach function during systemic anaphylaxis.

Low-frequency oscillation of sympathetic nerve activity decreases during development of tilt-induced syncope preceding sympathetic withdrawal and bradycardia

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (4) ◽  
pp. H1758-H1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsunori Kamiya ◽  
Junichiro Hayano ◽  
Toru Kawada ◽  
Daisaku Michikami ◽  
Kenta Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Vagal Nerve ◽  
Low Frequency Oscillation ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Neurally Mediated Syncope ◽  
Severe Hypotension ◽  
Vagal Nerve Activity

Sympathetic activation during orthostatic stress is accompanied by a marked increase in low-frequency (LF, ∼0.1-Hz) oscillation of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) when arterial pressure (AP) is well maintained. However, LF oscillation of SNA during development of orthostatic neurally mediated syncope remains unknown. Ten healthy subjects who developed head-up tilt (HUT)-induced syncope and 10 age-matched nonsyncopal controls were studied. Nonstationary time-dependent changes in calf muscle SNA (MSNA, microneurography), R-R interval, and AP (finger photoplethysmography) variability during a 15-min 60° HUT test were assessed using complex demodulation. In both groups, HUT during the first 5 min increased heart rate, magnitude of MSNA, LF and respiratory high-frequency (HF) amplitudes of MSNA variability, and LF and HF amplitudes of AP variability but decreased HF amplitude of R-R interval variability (index of cardiac vagal nerve activity). In the nonsyncopal group, these changes were sustained throughout HUT. In the syncopal group, systolic AP decreased from 100 to 60 s before onset of syncope; LF amplitude of MSNA variability decreased, whereas magnitude of MSNA and LF amplitude of AP variability remained elevated. From 60 s before onset of syncope, MSNA and heart rate decreased, index of cardiac vagal nerve activity increased, and AP further decreased to the level at syncope. LF oscillation of MSNA variability decreased during development of orthostatic neurally mediated syncope, preceding sympathetic withdrawal, bradycardia, and severe hypotension, to the level at syncope.

Regional hemodynamic and baroreflex effects of endothelin in rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (3) ◽  
pp. H918-H926 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Knuepfer ◽  
S. P. Han ◽  
A. J. Trapani ◽  
K. F. Fok ◽  
T. C. Westfall
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Pressor Responses ◽  
Regional Hemodynamics ◽  
Potent Vasoconstrictor ◽  
Baroreceptor Reflex Control

Endothelin is a peptide with potent, long-lasting pressor effects characterized by increases in mesenteric and hindquarters vascular resistance and bradycardia following an initial, transient depressor response. This study examined the mechanisms of action of endothelin on regional hemodynamics in conscious, freely moving rats and on baroreflex sensitivity both in conscious and chloralose-anesthetized rats. The pressor response to endothelin (0.67 nmol/kg) was attenuated by nifedipine (25 micrograms/kg) and augmented by chloralose anesthesia. The bradycardia was attenuated by pentolinium (10 mg/kg), atropine methyl sulfate (0.5 mg/kg), or chloralose anesthesia. Hindquarter vaso-constriction was attenuated by nifedipine, pentolinium, and atropine, whereas mesenteric vasoconstriction was less sensitive to blockade. The vasopressin V1 antagonist, [d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)]-AVP (20 micrograms/kg), indomethacin (5 mg/kg), or verapamil (150 micrograms/kg) did not affect any of these cardiovascular responses. Renal sympathetic nerve activity was reduced similarly in chloralose-anesthetized rats to pressor responses elicited by either phenylephrine or endothelin, and the slope of the baro-reflex function curve after endothelin was similar to that of phenylephrine. These results suggest that endothelin is a potent vasoconstrictor in which its action on visceral and skeletal muscle vasculature is mediated by somewhat different mechanisms. Endothelin does not alter baroreceptor reflex control of sympathetic nerve activity or heart rate.

scholarly journals Effect of an antihypertensive drug, budralaziie, on sympathetic nerve activity in anesthetized rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Yoshioka ◽  
Haruhisa Yahagi ◽  
Masaru Minami ◽  
Hiroko Togashi ◽  
Hideya Saito
Keyword(s):  
Antihypertensive Drug ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Anesthetized Rats

Role of nitrosyl factors in the hemodynamic adjustments to heat stress in the rat

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (3) ◽  
pp. H1537-H1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Kregel ◽  
M. J. Kenney ◽  
M. P. Massett ◽  
D. A. Morgan ◽  
S. J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Adrenoceptor Antagonist ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Colonic Temperature ◽  
Alpha Chloralose ◽  
Oxide Synthase

The present study examined the mechanisms responsible for the hindlimb vasodilation produced by elevating core body (colonic) temperature (Tco) of alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats from 37 to 39 degrees C. Elevating Tco to 39 degrees C produced equivalent decreases in hindlimb vascular resistance in sham-operated (-48 +/- 2%) and sinoaortic baroreceptor-denervated rats (-44 +/- 3%) rats. There were no changes in mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, or lumbar sympathetic nerve activity in either group. The prior administration of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (100 micrograms/kg i.v.) did not prevent the heat-induced decrease in hindlimb resistance in sham-operated rats (-52 +/- 7% vs. baseline). In contrast, the fall in hindlimb resistance was markedly attenuated (-20 +/- 5% vs. baseline) in sham-operated rats that had received a prior injection of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (100 mumol/kg i.v.). Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg i.v.), administered to prevent the possible induction of inducible NOS, did not modify the heat-induced hindlimb vasodilation in sham-operated rats (-41 +/- 5%). These results demonstrate that the elevation of Tco to 39 degrees C in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats produces a relative vasodilation in the hindlimb that is not obviously linked to an alteration in lumbar sympathetic nerve activity. Because the vasodilation occurred in the presence of prazosin, it is unlikely that the decline in resistance is due to the loss of the vasoconstrictor potency of neurally derived catecholamines. The findings that NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, but not dexamethasone, diminished the heat-induced hindlimb vasodilation suggests that the fall in resistance is due in part to constitutive NOS and supports a role for NOS as a mediator of thermoregulatory active vasodilation.

Low Pressure Baroreflex Evokes Biphasic Change in Sympathetic Nerve Activity through Vagal Nerve

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. S161
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Oga ◽  
Takuya Kishi ◽  
Keita Saku ◽  
Takamori Kakino ◽  
Masataka Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Vagal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Activity

scholarly journals β-Eudesmol, an Oxygenized Sesquiterpene, Reduces the Increase in Saliva 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxyphenylglycol After the “Trier Social Stress Test” in Healthy Humans: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Ohara ◽  
Akane Misaizu ◽  
Yuji Kaneko ◽  
Takafumi Fukuda ◽  
Mika Miyake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Healthy Humans

Hops, the immature inflorescences of the female hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) are one of the main components of beer and provides flavor and bitterness. β-Eudesmol, an oxygenated sesquiterpene, is reported to accumulate in a particular hop cultivar. Recently, we revealed that β-Eudesmol ingestion affected autonomic nerve activity in an animal model. The effect on humans has not been elucidated, therefore, we investigated the effects of β-Eudesmol on reducing objective and subjective markers related to sympathetic nerve activity after the application of mental stress in healthy participants. Fifty participants (male and female aged 20 to 50 years) were randomly assigned to two groups. Five minutes before taking the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) as a mental stressor, participants in each group ingested a beverage containing β-Eudesmol, the active beverage, or a placebo beverage that did not contain β-Eudesmol. Saliva 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), a major product of noradrenaline breakdown and a representative marker of sympathetic nerve activity, was significantly lower just after the TSST in the active group compared with the placebo group. Saliva cortisol, a marker of the endocrine stress response system, was not significantly different between the two groups. No adverse events related to test beverage ingestion were observed. This is the first experimental evidence of β-Eudesmol effect for mental stress in human.

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