Effect of nutrient density and composition of liquid meals on gastric emptying in feeding rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (6) ◽  
pp. R865-R871 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Kalogeris ◽  
R. D. Reidelberger ◽  
V. E. Mendel
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Elemental Diet ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Fat Emulsion ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Nutrient Density

Rats were fitted with gastric cannulas to determine gastric emptying rates of liquid test meals after a 16-h fast. They were allowed to drink [14C]polyethylene glycol (PEG) Vivonex High Nitrogen elemental diet (VHN) or Intralipid Fat Emulsion (IL) at 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 kcal/ml under two conditions: drinking to satiety (VHN) or drinking to a constant volume of 15 ml (VHN and IL). Recovery of stomach contents through the cannula at the end of the drinking period allowed determination of rate of emptying. Average gastric emptying rate (ml/min) during a meal was found to vary inversely with the nutrient density of the test meal. However, the caloric emptying rate (kcal/min), as well as the total caloric load delivered to the intestine by the end of the meal, remained constant over the range of nutrient densities tested. The constancy of caloric emptying rate as diet caloric density increased was independent of diet composition, supporting the hypothesis that rate of gastric emptying is determined by caloric density of the diet. When rats were allowed to drink to satiety, caloric intake was not regulated but increased with increasing diet nutrient density, suggesting that control of meal size was independent of regulation of gastric emptying.

scholarly journals Mechanism‐Based Modeling of Gastric Emptying Rate and Gallbladder Emptying in Response to Caloric Intake

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 692-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Guiastrennec ◽  
DP Sonne ◽  
M Hansen ◽  
JI Bagger ◽  
A Lund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Gallbladder Emptying ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate

scholarly journals N-Acetylcysteine for Gastric Lactobezoars in a 1-Month-Old

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
Dimitrios A. Savva ◽  
MacKenzie Crist ◽  
Allison Lardieri
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Filling Defect ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Series ◽  
Gastrointestinal Series ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Gastric lactobezoars are a result of the inability to digest milk and mucous. Formulas that contain high casein concentrations, medium triglyceride oils, or high caloric density can increase the risk of bezoar formation by decreasing gastric secretion or delaying gastric emptying. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is used to clear thick mucus secretions and is hypothesized to be effective in the treatment of gastric lactobezoars due to the cleavage of disulfide bonds in mucoproteins. We describe the use of NAC in a 1-month-old full term male (4.5 kg) who was diagnosed with a gastric lactobezoar following an upper gastrointestinal series that showed a large persistent filling defect in the distal body, which was suggestive of a gastric lactobezoar. A dose of 45 mg (10 mg/kg) of 10% NAC was diluted in 50 mL of normal saline and given every 6 hours via a nasogastric (NG) tube. Administration was followed by clamping of the NG tube for 2 hours and aspiration of the stomach contents. NAC was discontinued when aspirates were a clear mucus consistency. The patient's gastric lactobezoar was successfully treated with a 10 mg/kg/dose of NAC that was given every 6 hours for a total of 4 doses.

Gastric emptying of ingested fat emulsion in rats: implications for studies of fat-induced satiety

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (3) ◽  
pp. R688-R692 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Friedman ◽  
I. Ramirez ◽  
M. G. Tordoff
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Lipid Phase ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Rat Stomach ◽  
Fat Emulsion ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Marked Suppression ◽  
Behavior Of Rats

Evidence that ingested fat acts in the intestine to produce satiety stems from studies showing that intraintestinal infusion of fat emulsion inhibits eating behavior of rats. In this study, we determined the appropriateness of infusion parameters used in these behavioral studies by measuring gastric emptying rates of both the aqueous and lipid components of Intralipid ingested normally by rats. Stomach contents were collected at different times 0-40 min after rats ingested Intralipid containing [14C]polyethylene glycol (PEG) and phenol red (PR) and were assayed for PEG, PR, and fat. The proportion of ingested fat remaining in the stomach was significantly greater than the proportion of ingested PEG or PR at all time points examined. Despite initial gastric emptying of fat during ingestion, consumption of Intralipid (0.5 or 1.1 kcal/ml) did not suppress subsequent solid food intake. The results indicate that 1) ingested fat emulsion rapidly partitions in the rat stomach into an aqueous phase, which empties rapidly, and a lipid phase, which empties slowly, and 2) normal ingestion of Intralipid is not immediately satiating. These observations raise questions about the physiological significance of the rapid and marked suppression of feeding behavior produced by intraintestinal infusion of Intralipid.

Some pearl millet-based foods promote satiety or reduce glycaemic response in a crossover trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Anna M.R. Hayes ◽  
Fanny Gozzi ◽  
Aminata Diatta ◽  
Tom Gorissen ◽  
Clay Swackhamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitor ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Traditionally Prepared

Abstract In a previous trial in Mali, we showed traditional pearl millet couscous and thick porridge delayed gastric emptying (~5 h half-emptying times) in a normal weight population compared to non-traditional carbohydrate-based foods (pasta, potatoes, white rice; ~3 h half-emptying times), and in a gastric simulator we showed millet couscous had slower digestion than wheat couscous. In light of these findings, we tested the hypothesis in a normal weight U.S. population (n=14) that millet foods would reduce glycaemic response (continuous glucose monitor), improve appetitive sensations (Visual Analog Scale ratings), as well as reduce gastric emptying rate (13C octanoic acid breath test). Five carbohydrate-based foods (millet couscous – commercial and self-made, millet thick porridge, wheat couscous, white rice) were fed in a crossover trial matched on available carbohydrate basis. Significantly lower overall glycaemic response was observed for all millet-based foods and wheat couscous compared to white rice (p≤0.05). Millet couscous (self-made) had significantly higher glycaemic response than millet couscous (commercial) and wheat couscous (p<0.0001), but as there were no differences in peak glucose values (p>0.05) an extended glycaemic response was indicated for self-made couscous. Millet couscous (self-made) had significantly lower hunger ratings (p<0.05) and higher fullness ratings (p<0.01) than white rice, millet thick porridge, and millet couscous (commercial). A normal gastric emptying rate (<3 h half-emptying times) was observed for all foods, with no significant differences among them (p>0.05). In conclusion, some traditionally prepared pearl millet foods show the potential to reduce glycaemic response and promote satiety.

Role of gastric emptying rate in duodeno-gastro-esophageal reflux (DGER) in man

2000 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. A1258
Author(s):  
Gerardus H. Koek ◽  
Anthon Lerut ◽  
Daniel Sifrim ◽  
Jozef Janssens ◽  
Jan F. Tack
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Esophageal Reflux ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate

Intravenous Alimentation and Insensible Water Loss in Low-Birth- Weight Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-546
Author(s):  
Keith H. Marks ◽  
Timothy P. Farrell ◽  
Zvi Friedman ◽  
M. Jeffrey Maisels
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Fat Emulsion ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Intravenous Fat Emulsion ◽  
Multiple Measurements

Insensible water loss (IWL) was measured in six premature infants, betWeen 4 and 21 days of age, by continuous weight monitoring on an electronic balance inside an incubator. Multiple measurements of IWL were made during the sequential infusion of 10% dextrose in 0.225% NaCl, 10% dextrose-amino acid solution, or 10% dextrose-amino acid and a commercial intravenous fat emulsion. Each solution was administered for three hours by constant infusion through a scalp vein needle. The order of the infusion was random and a 30-to 60-minute infusion with 5% dextrose water was given between each solution. During the infusion of 10% dextrose in 0.225% NaCl and 10% dextrose + amino acid solution, IWL was 1.0 ± 0.8 gm/kg/ hr and 1.1 ± 0.8 gm/kg/hr, respectively. In contrast, IWL increased significantly to 1.6 ± 0.7 gni/kg/hr when additional calories were given using the 10% dextrose-amino acid with the intravenous fat emulsion (P &lt; .005). There was a positive correlation between caloric intake and IWL. These data suggest that parenteral nutrition solutions with intravenous fat emulsion are rapidly metabolized and the increase in IWL is probably secondary to an increase in thermogenesis.

scholarly journals Electrogastrography in Delayed Gastric Emptying

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Badriul Hegar ◽  
Yvan Vandenplas
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Gastric Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Enteric Nerves ◽  
Gastric Muscle ◽  
Abnormal Rate ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contractions

Disorders of gastric motility are generally manifested by an abnormal rate of gastric emptying. The emptying process of the stomach is very complex, and knowledge is limited to the observation that gastric emptying rate is a highly variable phenomenon, and that delayed gastric emptying is frequently the case. The advances in the knowledge of the physiology of gastric muscle and enteric nerves, and the recognition of the patterns of organization of smooth muscle contractions gave a new input to the study of gastric motility. The gastric emptying can be monitored in various ways, such as manometry, scintigraphy, or electrogastrography (EGG). Recently, EGG has received more attention. There is correlation between the EGG signal obtained from body surface electrodes and signals obtained directly from electrodes locates in the gastric muscle (serosal records). Some studies showed an association between EGG-findings and gastric motility disorders, and indicate that EGG is a reliable, non-invasive, useful method to detect gastric myoelectric activity.

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