Lipid Profiles in Preliminary Germinated Brown Rice Beverages Compared to Non-Germinated Brown and White Rice Beverages

Brown rice is nutritionally superior to white rice, yet oil rancidity can be problematic during processing and storage regarding sensory attributes. Germinating brown rice is known to generally increase some health-promoting compounds. In response to increasing the consumption of plant-based beverages, we sprouted unstabilized brown rice, using green technologies and saccharification enzymes for value-added beverages. ‘Rondo’ paddy rice was dehulled, sorted and germinated, and beverages were produced and compared against non-germinated brown and white brewers rice beverages. The preliminary germinated brown rice beverage contained significantly higher concentrations of total lipids, diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols, free sterols, phytosterol esters and oryzanols than both non-germinated brown and white rice beverages. White rice beverages had significantly higher free fatty acids. Significant lipid losses occurred during sieving, yet novel germinated brown rice beverages contained appreciable levels of valuable health-beneficial lipids, which appeared to form natural emulsions. Further pilot plant investigations should be scaled-up for pasteurization and adjusted through emulsification to ameliorate sieving losses.

UJI SENSORI DAN PENENTUAN INDEKS GLIKEMIK NASI BERAS PUTIH (Oryza satifa L.) SUBTITUSI PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca forma typical) SEBAGAI MAKANAN POKOK ALTERNATIF PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to obtain the proportion of white rice and kepok banana based on sensory test results and the glycemic index of white rice with a substitution of kepok bananas. The research design used was an experimental method with a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The variation was in the proportion of white rice and kepok banana namely 60% : 40% (NP1), 50% : 50% (NP2) dan 40% : 60% (NP3). Each treatment was repeated three times. The sensory test was carried out using the hedonic test (level of preferences). The glycemic index was analyzed through the area under the curve (AUC) ratio of glucose response of food by measuring blood glucose levels during fasting for 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after consuming test foods (white rice with a substitution of kepok banana) and control (bread). The collected data were then analyzed using ANOVA and was followed by DMRT if there was a significant difference between treatments. The result of the research shows that in the sensory test, the proportion of white rice and kepok banana had no significant effect on color and aroma, but had a significant effect on texture and very significant effect on the taste of white rice with a substitution of kepok banana. The best treatment was obtained in the proportion of white rice and kepok banana 60%: 40% (NP1), with preference scores of color, aroma, texture, and taste reached 3.08 (like), 2.68 (like), 3.16 (like) and 3.12 (like), respectively. The selected treatment had a 20.13% glycemic index (low).Keywords: Sensory test, glycemic index,white rice, kepok banana,diabetes mellitusABSTRAKTujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan perbandingan nasi beras putih dan pisang kepok yang terbaik berdasarkan hasil uji sensori dan indeks glikemik nasi beras putih yang disubtitusi pisang kepok. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan terdiri atas 3 variasi perlakuan yaitu perbandingan nasi beras putih : pisang kepok 60% : 40% (NP1), 50% : 50% (NP2) dan 40% : 60% (NP3). Masing-masing perlakuan dibuat 3 kali ulangan. Uji sensori menggunakan uji hedonik (tingkat kesukaan) dan penentuan indeks glikemik dengan perhitungan perbandingan luas di bawah kurva (area under curve). Respon glukosa makanan melalui hasil pengukuran glukosa darah saat puasa; 30; 60; 90 dan 120 menit setelah konsumsi makanan uji yaitu nasi putih subtitusi pisang kepok dan makanan kontrol yaitu roti. Data hasil uji sensori dianalisis dengan metode Analisis of Varians (ANOVA) dan perlakuan yang berpengaruh nyata dilakukan uji lanjut dengan analisis DMRT. Berdasarkan hasil analisis uji sensori perbandingan nasi beras putih dan pisang kepok tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap warna dan aroma, tetapi berpengaruh nyata terhadap tekstur dan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap rasa nasi beras putih subtitusi pisang kepok. Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan nasi beras putih : pisang kepok 60% : 40% (NP1), dengan tingkat kesukaan terhadap warna 3,08 (suka), aroma 2,68 (suka), tekstur 3,16 (suka) dan rasa 3,12 (suka) serta nilai indeks glikemik 20,13% dengan kategori indeks glikemik rendah.Kata kunci: Uji sensori, indeks glikemik, nasi beras putih, pisang kepok, diabetes melitus

Introduction of special rice genotypes under upland conditions

Although widely consumed as white rice, there are special rice cultivars that contain aromas, colors and nutrients that reach special market niches, and constitute alternatives to vary the Brazilian menu and the farmer’s income. Most genotypes of special rice have nutritional characteristics superior to those of white rice, with call for better health, which is a growing concern of the general population. Based Based on these assumptions, the objective was to evaluate the productivity of special rice genotypes in rainfed cultivation conditions, in two seasons (2016/2017 and 2017/2018), in the city of Lavras/MG The treatments consisted of the following accessions: YIN LU 31, Japanese, CMG 1164, Formoso, Aromatic, IAC 400, IAC 300, IAC 600, IAC 500, BRSMG Relâmpago, BRSMG Caçula, BRSMG Caravera, SCS119 Ruby, SCS120 Onyx. After analysis of variance, the adaptability analysis and stability was performed by the Annichiaric method. The Aromatic and IAC 300 genotypes, by evaluated under rainfed conditions, showed high productivity (greater than 3,000 kg.ha-1), higher than the state average (867 kg ha-1), and low incidence of diseases in the conditions of high lands. These special rice genotypes grown in upland and compared to cultivars of rice indicated for this cultivation condition demonstrated that it is possible to produce rice from quality and develop genotypes more adaptable to rainfed conditions, which can be excellent option of cultivation to conventional rice and thus increase the diversity of the agricultural property.

The effect of rice types on chao properties during fermentation

Chao is a typical Indonesian dish from Pangkep Regency that is relatively unknown to the general public. Chao is made from fermented fish, which is subsequently fermented with rice. Chao has the properties of pasta-like, light-brown color, unique flavor, slightly acidic and salty taste. Pangkep communities typically use chao as a seasoning, condiment ingredient, or as a side dish. Due to the product's attractive features, which resemble stale food, make it less appealing to consumers. It necessitates innovation and processing technologies in order to improve the quality of Chao products. This research this study aimed to find out the effect of rice variations including white rice, red rice and black rice on the characteristics of Shrimp Chao during fermentation. The testing parameters in this study were total Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), total lactic acid, pH, and organoleptic. The highest LAB growth was found in the red rice that is 7.67 log cfu/g with the lowest pH value of 6.02 and the highest lactic acid content (1.8%). The best organoleptic test results own by white rice-based shrimp chao with preference average score of 3.85 and red rice 3.78 which imply “like” in organoleptic scale scoring.

Relationship between maternal employment status and children’s food intake in Japan

Background Although long maternal working hours are reported to have a negative effect on children’s dietary habits, few studies have investigated this issue in Japan. Healthy dietary habits in childhood are important because they may reduce the risk of future disease. Here, we examined the relationship between maternal employment status and children’s dietary intake in 1693 pairs of Japanese primary school 5th and 6th graders and their mothers. Methods The survey was conducted using two questionnaires, a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire and a lifestyle questionnaire. The analysis also considered mothers’ and children’s nutrition knowledge, attitudes toward diet, and some aspects of family environment. Results Longer maternal working hours were associated with children’s higher intake of white rice (g/1000kcal) (β 11.4, 95%CI [1.0, 21.9]; working ≥8h vs. not working), lower intake of confectioneries (g/1000kcal) (β −4.0 [−7.6, −0.4]), and higher body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) (β 0.62 [0.2, 1.0]). Although maternal employment status was not significantly associated with lower intake of healthy food (e.g., vegetables) or higher intake of unhealthy food (e.g., sweetened beverages) in the children, in contrast with previous studies, it may have affected children’s energy intake through their higher intake of white rice. Further, children’s nutrition knowledge and attitudes toward diet, mothers’ food intake, and some family environment factors were significantly associated with intakes of vegetables and sweetened beverages in the children. Conclusions Longer maternal working hours were significantly associated with higher intake of white rice and lower intake of confectioneries, as well as higher BMI among children. Even when a mother works, however, it may be possible to improve her child’s dietary intake by other means such as nutrition education for children or enhancement of food environment.