Differential effect of behavior on cardiac and vasomotor baroreflex responses

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (1) ◽  
pp. R126-R136 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Combs ◽  
O. A. Smith ◽  
C. A. Astley ◽  
E. O. Feigl
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Baroreceptor Reflex ◽  
Aortic Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Vasoconstriction ◽  
Bilateral Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
Carotid Sinus Baroreflex

Bilateral carotid occlusion was performed in seven baboons during dynamic leg exercise, static arm exercise, feeding, rest, and sleep. The baroreceptor reflex effects on blood pressure, heart rate and interval, renal blood flow, and terminal aortic blood flow were determined during each behavior. The carotid sinus baroreflex increase in blood pressure and heart rate was greatest during sleep and least during exercise. The hindlimb and renal vasomotor responses followed different patterns. The baroreceptor reflex sensitivity for renal vasoconstriction was greatest during rest and least during sleep. The reflex sensitivity in the hindlimb was unaltered by behavior. Thus behavior modifies baroreceptor reflex responses in the heart and peripheral circulation in different patterns.

Cardiovascular system

2011 ◽  
pp. 443-462
Author(s):  
Dr Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Pharmacological Manipulation ◽  
System P

2.1 Control of blood pressure and heart rate, 445 2.2 Control of heart rate, 446 2.3 Cardiac output (CO), 447 2.4 Measurement of cardiac output (CO), 450 2.5 Blood flow peripherally, 451 2.6 The cardiac cycle, 454 2.7 ECG, 458 2.8 Pharmacological manipulation of the heart and peripheral circulation, ...

Carotid arterial control of vasopressin secretion in sheep

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (3) ◽  
pp. R589-R594 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Wood ◽  
L. C. Keil ◽  
A. M. Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Plasma Vasopressin ◽  
Bilateral Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
Vasopressin Secretion ◽  
Carotid Arterial

The purpose of this study was to test the role of carotid arterial mechanoreceptors in the control of vasopressin secretion in conscious 6- to 7-wk-old lambs. Bilateral carotid occlusion decreased lingual arterial pressure and stimulated reflex increases in heart rate and femoral arterial blood pressure but did not significantly alter plasma concentrations of vasopressin. Acute vagosympathetic blockade, produced by injection of 2% lidocaine onto the vagosympathetic trunks, did not significantly alter heart rate or blood pressure but did stimulate a slow increase in plasma vasopressin concentration, suggesting that afferent vagal fibers tonically inhibit vasopressin secretion. Bilateral carotid occlusion after vagosympathetic blockade stimulated a brisk increase in plasma vasopressin that was larger than the response to vagosympathetic blockade alone. These results suggest that vasopressin secretion in lambs is partially controlled by arterial mechanoreceptors in the carotid sinus and by extracarotid receptors with vagosympathetic afferent fibers.

Effects of fentanyl on carotid sinus baroreflex control of circulation in rabbits

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (3) ◽  
pp. R625-R631
Author(s):  
H. Ohsumi ◽  
M. Sakamoto ◽  
T. Yamazaki ◽  
F. Okumura
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Baroreflex Control ◽  
Bilateral Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
Carotid Sinus Baroreflex

The effects of intravenous administration of fentanyl on carotid sinus baroreflex control of hemodynamics were investigated in chronically instrumented rabbits. Carotid sinus baroreflex was assessed by bilateral carotid occlusion (BCO), and the responses of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), mean ascending aortic flow (MAF), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were obtained. Hemodynamic responses to BCO were examined with cumulative doses of 5, 10, and 15 micrograms/kg of fentanyl. Fentanyl did not affect MAP and TPR but reduced HR and MAF dose dependently. Fentanyl did not attenuate the MAP response to BCO significantly. In contrast, fentanyl significantly attenuated the TPR response from 0.126 +/- 0.003 to 0.104 +/- 0.005 mmHg.min-1.ml-1 and augmented the HR response from 31 +/- 2 to 47 +/- 3 beats/min in the conscious state and at 15 micrograms/kg of fentanyl, respectively. The administration of atropine after the fentanyl attenuated MAP and HR responses to 79.9 and 27.7% of those of 10 micrograms/kg of fentanyl, respectively. We suggest that these dissociated hemodynamic responses reflect the vagotonic and sympatholytic effects of fentanyl on the baroreflex pathways.

Decreased exercise hyperpnea in patients with bilateral carotid chemoreceptor resection

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 908-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Honda ◽  
S. Myojo ◽  
S. Hasegawa ◽  
T. Hasegawa ◽  
J. W. Severinghaus
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Flow Limitation ◽  
Pulmonary Flow ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
Exercise Hyperpnea ◽  
Ventilatory Effects ◽  
End Tidal

Exercise hyperpnea was compared in 5 asthmatics 25 yr after bilateral carotid body resection (BR), 4 others 19 yr after unilateral resection (UR), and 12 controls (C) matched for age and pulmonary flow limitation. In the BR group, ventilation rose less with exercise, mostly because BR experienced less tachypnea. End-tidal PCO2 rose 5.8 +/- 3.2 (P less than 0.05) to 46 Torr at 50 W. In UR and C the same load did not increase PETCO2 significantly (+2.1 and +1.4 Torr, respectively). Arterial-end-tidal PCO2 differences before and 15--45 s postexercise were insignificant in all three groups. Heart rate and blood pressure rose equally in the three groups, suggesting that the ventilatory effects were not secondary to blood flow differences and disclosing no evidence of baroreceptor denervation during glomectomy.

scholarly journals Attenuation of Ischemia-Induced Extracellular Adenosine Accumulation by Homocysteine

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica M. Sciotti ◽  
David G. L. Van Wylen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Homocysteine Thiolactone ◽  
Early Reperfusion ◽  
Extracellular Adenosine ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Bilateral Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
The Brain

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of homocysteine, which consumes intracellular adenosine via formation of S-adenosylhomocysteine, on interstitial fluid (ISF) adeonsine and cerebral blood flow (CBF) before, during, and after cerebral ischemia. Microdialysis probes, used to measure local CBF (H2 clearance) and to sample ISF, were implanted bilaterally into the caudate nucleus of halothane-anesthetized rats ( n = 8). l-Homocysteine thiolactone was administered locally via one of the probes. Animals were exposed to 20 min of ischemia, induced by bilateral carotid occlusion plus hemorrhage to an arterial blood pressure of 50 mm Hg, followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Before ischemia, CBF and dialysate adenosine were decreased with homocysteine. During ischemia and early reperfusion, dialysate purine metabolites increased on both sides of the brain; however, the ischemia-induced increase in adenosine was attenuated on the side of local homocysteine. CBF was lower on the side of homocysteine throughout reperfusion. These data demonstrate that homocysteine (a) decreases basal ISF adenosine and CBF, (b) attenuates the increase in dialysate adenosine during ischemia, and (c) reduces hyperemia during early reperfusion.

scholarly journals Vasorelaxant and Hypotensive Effects of Jaboticaba Fruit (Myrciaria cauliflora) Extract in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Medeiros Lobo de Andrade ◽  
Carolina de Fátima Reis ◽  
Patrícia Ferreira da Silva Castro ◽  
Leonardo Luiz Borges ◽  
Nathalia Oda Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase ◽  
Aortic Blood Flow ◽  
Aortic Blood ◽  
Cox Inhibitor

This study’s aim was to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract ofM. cauliflora(HEMC) on vascular tension and blood pressure in rats. In ourin vitrostudies using precontracted isolated aortas from rats, HEMC and acetylcholine (positive control) induced relaxation only in vessels with endothelium. Pretreatment with L-NAME (NO synthase inhibitor) or ODQ (soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor) abolished the HEMC-induced relaxation. The treatment with MDL-12,330A (adenylyl cyclase (AC) inhibitor) or diclofenac (COX inhibitor) reduced HEMC-induced vasorelaxation. The blockade of muscarinic andβ-adrenergic receptors (by atropine and propranolol, resp.) did not promote changes in HEMC-induced vasorelaxation. In ourin vivostudies, catheters were inserted into the right femoral vein and artery of anesthetized rats for HEMC infusion and the measurement of blood pressure, heart rate, and aortic blood flow. The intravenous infusion of HEMC produced hypotension and increased aortic blood flow with no changes in heart rate. These findings showed that HEMC induces endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation and hypotension with no alteration in heart rate. The NO/sGC/cGMP pathway seems to be the main cellular route involved in the vascular responsiveness.

scholarly journals Endurance training reduces renal vasoconstriction to orthostatic stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (2) ◽  
pp. F279-F284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin E. Conboy ◽  
Amy E. Fogelman ◽  
Charity L. Sauder ◽  
Chester A. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Renal Vasoconstriction ◽  
Arterial Blood

Endurance training has been associated with increased orthostatic intolerance. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that endurance training reduces renal vasoconstriction to orthostatic stress. Blood pressure, heart rate, and renal blood flow velocity were measured during a 25-min 60° head-up tilt (HUT) test before and after 8 wk of endurance training in eight healthy sedentary subjects (26 ± 1 yrs). Training elicited a 21 ± 3% increase in peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak) and a reduction in heart rate at rest of 8 ± 2 beats/min. During HUT, heart rate progressively increased (∼20 beats/min) over the 25-min HUT trial both before and after training. Systolic arterial blood pressure during HUT was unchanged with training, whereas diastolic arterial blood pressure was lower at the end of HUT after training. Before training renal blood flow velocity (Δ14 ± 5 cm/s) and renal vascular conductance (Δ22 ± 7%) decreased during HUT, whereas after training renal blood flow velocity (Δ2 ± 5 cm/s) and renal vascular conductance (Δ1 ± 12%) did not change significantly during HUT. Renal blood flow velocity and vascular conductance responses to HUT did not change in control subjects during the 8-wk period. These results demonstrate that endurance training reduces renal vasoconstriction during an orthostatic challenge and may contribute to training-induced orthostatic intolerance.

Blood pressure, heart rate, and adrenal catecholamines prior to ventricular fibrillation

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel M. Bass ◽  
Vincent V. Glaviano
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Coronary Occlusion ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Acute Coronary Occlusion ◽  
Before And After

Heart rate, mean blood pressure, adrenal blood flow, and adrenal plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline were compared before and after ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery in dogs anesthetized with chloralose. One group of 12 dogs responded to acute coronary occlusion with a sudden and marked decrease in mean blood pressure (mean, 31%) and heart rate (mean, 18%) followed by an early onset (mean, 227 sec) of ventricular fibrillation. Another group of nine dogs responded with slight decreases in mean blood pressure (mean, 13%) and heart rate (mean, 5%), during which time ventricular fibrillation occurred late (mean, 30 min) or not at all. While the two groups were statistically different in mean blood pressure and heart rate, the minute output of adrenal catecholamines in either group was not found to be related to the early or late occurrence of ventricular fibrillation.

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