The adenosine receptor blocker aminophylline increases anoxic ethanol excretion in crucian carp

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (4) ◽  
pp. R1057-R1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Adenosine Receptor ◽  
Crucian Carp ◽  
Receptor Blocker ◽  
Carassius Carassius ◽  
Adenosine Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Crucian Carp Carassius Carassius

By depressing energy consumption, anoxia-tolerant animals are thought to compensate for a reduced ability to produce energy during anoxia. Adenosine is an inhibitory neuromodulator in vertebrates and, hence, has the potential ability to depress energy consumption. Ethanol is the main metabolic end product in anoxic Carassius, and the present study shows that the rate of ethanol excretion in anoxic crucian carp (Carassius carassius L.) can be increased threefold by treatment with the adenosine receptor antagonist aminophylline (75 mg/kg). By contrast, the same dose of aminophylline did not increase the rate of routine oxygen consumption during normoxia. It is hypothesized that adenosine acts as a metabolic depressant during anoxia in crucian carp.

scholarly journals EVIDENCE FOR A ROLE OF GABA IN METABOLIC DEPRESSION DURING ANOXIA IN CRUCIAN CARP (CARASSIUS CARASSIUS)

1992 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
GÖRAN E. NILSSON
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Crucian Carp ◽  
Metabolic Depression ◽  
Carassius Carassius ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Gaba Synthesis ◽  
Brain Gaba ◽  
Crucian Carp Carassius Carassius

Anoxia-tolerant vertebrates decrease their metabolic rate by 70% or more during anoxia, while the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, GABA, increases in concentration. To test the possibility that GABA could be a mediator of anoxic metabolic depression, crucian carp (Carassius carassius L.) were given an inhibitor of GABA synthesis, isoniazid, and the rate of anoxic ethanol production (ethanol being the main end product of energy metabolism in anoxic crucian carp) as well as the rates of normoxic and hypoxic oxygen consumption were measured. Isoniazid (500mgkg−1), which significantly inhibited the anoxia-induced rise in brain GABA concentration, caused a nearly threefold increase in anaerobic ethanol production without affecting normoxic oxygen consumption. The GABA synthesis inhibitor 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, 200mgkg−1) and the GABA receptor antagonist securinine (20mgkg−1) caused similar rises in anoxic ethanol production. Nevertheless, crucian carp given 250–500mgkg−1 isoniazid, 200mgkg−1 3-MP or 20mgkg−1 securinine all recovered after anoxia, suggesting that a complete depression of the rate of metabolism may not be essential for survival during short-term anoxia. These results indicate that GABA is a mediator of anoxic metabolic depression in crucian carp.

CPX, a selective A1-adenosine-receptor antagonist, regulates intracellular pH in cystic fibrosis cells

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (1) ◽  
pp. C226-C233 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Casavola ◽  
R. J. Turner ◽  
C. Guay-Broder ◽  
K. A. Jacobson ◽  
O. Eidelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Adenosine Receptor ◽  
Ph Regulation ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
A1 Adenosine Receptor ◽  
Adenosine Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane

The selective A1-adenosine-receptor antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (CPX), has been reported to activate Cl- efflux from cystic fibrosis cells, such as pancreatic CFPAC-1 and lung IB3 cells bearing the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator(delta F508) mutation, but has little effect on the same process in cells repaired by transfection with wild-type cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (O. Eidelman, C. Guay-Broder, P. J. M. van Galen, K. A. Jacobson, C. Fox, R. J. Turner, Z. I. Cabantchik, and H. B. Pollard. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 5562-5566, 1992). We report here that CPX downregulates Na+/H+ exchange activity in CFPAC-1 cells but has a much smaller effect on cells repaired with the wild-type gene. CPX also mildly decreases resting intracellular pH. In CFPAC-1 cells, this downregulation is dependent on the presence of adenosine, since pretreatment of the cells with adenosine deaminase blocks the CPX effect. We also show that, by contrast, CPX action on these cells does not lead to alterations in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration. We conclude that CPX affects pH regulation in CFPAC-1 cells, probably by antagonizing the tonic action of endogenous adenosine.

Hypoxia Tolerance, Nitric Oxide, and Nitrite: Lessons From Extreme Animals

Physiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Fago ◽  
Frank B. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Crucian Carp ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Oxygen Deprivation ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Carassius Carassius ◽  
Slider Turtle ◽  
Total Lack ◽  
Crucian Carp Carassius Carassius

Among vertebrates able to tolerate periods of oxygen deprivation, the painted and red-eared slider turtles ( Chrysemys picta and Trachemys scripta) and the crucian carp ( Carassius carassius) are the most extreme and can survive even months of total lack of oxygen during winter. The key to hypoxia survival resides in concerted physiological responses, including strong metabolic depression, protection against oxidative damage and–in air-breathing animals–redistribution of blood flow. Each of these responses is known to be tightly regulated by nitric oxide (NO) and during hypoxia by its metabolite nitrite. The aim of this review is to highlight recent work illustrating the widespread roles of NO and nitrite in the tolerance to extreme oxygen deprivation, in particular in the red-eared slider turtle and crucian carp, but also in diving marine mammals. The emerging picture underscores the importance of NO and nitrite signaling in the adaptive response to hypoxia in vertebrate animals.

Synthesis of an o-Nitrobenzyl Attached A1 Adenosine Receptor Antagonist, a Prodrug Approach.

ChemInform ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
HeXi Chang ◽  
Carol Ensinger ◽  
Robert D. McCargar ◽  
Bruno M. Vittimberga
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Adenosine Receptor ◽  
A1 Adenosine Receptor ◽  
Adenosine Receptor Antagonist
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