crucian carp
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Fishes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Yiqun Li ◽  
Mingyang Xue ◽  
Zidong Xiao ◽  
Yuding Fan ◽  
...  

Diseases of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) are closely related to intestinal parameters. Enterococcus faecalis has strong colonization ability in the intestinal tract, and produces natural antibiotics, bacteriocin, and other bacteriostatic substances, which can effectively inhibit some pathogenic bacteria and improve the intestinal microenvironment. This study aimed to assess the effects of E. faecalis YFI-G720 which was isolated from the intestinal of crucian carp on the growth, immunity, intestinal health, and disease resistance of crucian carp. Fish (48.16 ± 0.55 g) were fed four diets, commercial diet or diet containing E. faecalis at 105 CFU/g (EF1), 106 CFU/g (EF2), or 107 CFU/g (EF3) for 28 days. The results showed that supplementation of E. faecalis significantly improved the weight gain ratio (WGR) and the specific growth rate (SGR) compared with control group (p < 0.05). Intestinal mucosal epithelial cells in EF2 were intact and normal, but there was obvious vacuolation in CG. Compared with CG, serum C3 and IgM in EF2 were significantly increased at the end of the experiment (p < 0.05), and serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in all experimental groups (p < 0.05). Among studied immune-related genes, expression was detected by qPCR, C3, IgM, and IL-1βwere upregulated in all experimental groups to varying degrees from 14 days, with highest expression in EF2 at 28 days. Intestinal microbiota structure analyzed through high-throughput sequencing, and the results showed that the relative abundance of Aeromonas and Acinetobacter decreased while Cetobacterium increased in all experimental groups, with the greatest changes in EF2. Challenge tests showed that fish fed E. faecalis were more resistant to Aeromonas veronii (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary E. faecalis YFI-G720 at 106 CFU/g can improve the health status, immune parameters, intestinal microbiota composition, and disease resistance of crucian carp.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2547
Author(s):  
Hongyu Zhang ◽  
Xiyan Mu ◽  
Hongwei Wang ◽  
Haibo Wang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
...  

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly applied to fish as a means of growth promotion and disease prevention. However, evidence regarding whether LAB colonize the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of fish remains sparse and controversial. Here, we investigated whether Lacticaseibacillus casei ATCC 393 (Lc) can colonize the GI tract of crucian carp. Sterile feed irradiated with 60Co was used to eliminate the influence of microbes, and 100% rearing water was renewed at 5-day intervals to reduce the fecal–oral circulation of microbes. The experiment lasted 47 days and was divided into three stages: the baseline period (21 days), the administration period (7 days: day −6 to 0) and the post-administration period (day 1 to 19). Control groups were fed a sterile basal diet during the whole experimental period, whereas treatment groups were fed with a mixed diet containing Lc (1 × 107 cfu/g) and spore of Geobacillus stearothermophilus (Gs, 1 × 107 cfu/g) during the administration period and a sterile basal diet during the baseline and post-administration periods. An improved and highly sensitive selective culture method (SCM) was employed in combination with a transit marker (a Gs spore) to monitor the elimination of Lc in the GI tract. The results showed that Lc (<2 cfu/gastrointestine) could not be detected in any of the fish sampled from the treatment group 7 days after the cessation of the mixed diet, whereas Gs could still be detected in seven out of nine fish at day 11 and could not be detected at all at day 15. Therefore, the elimination speed of Lc was faster than that of the transit marker. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing analysis combined with SCM was used to reconfirm the elimination kinetics of Lc in the GI tract. The results show that the Lc in the crucian carp GI tract, despite being retained at low relative abundance from day 7 (0.11% ± 0.03%) to 21, was not viable. The experiments indicate that Lc ATCC 393 cannot colonize the GI tract of crucian carp, and the improved selective culture in combination with a transit marker represents a good method for studying LAB colonization of fish.


Fishes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Zhuangwen Mao ◽  
Shengwei Luo ◽  
Dafang Zhao ◽  
Xiang Zhou ◽  
Zilong Zhang ◽  
...  

AlaSerCys Transporter 2 (ASCT2), encoded by the SLC1A5 gene, plays an important role in the absorption of glutamine. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence of ASCT2 was cloned from triploid crucian carp. It encodes 539 amino acid residues and a stop codon. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the sequences of the ASCT2 ORF region in cyprinid fishes shared high sequence homology. Comparing the abundance of ASCT2 in different tissues, we found its expression level in muscle was significantly higher than that in intestine (p < 0.05). In addition, the expression levels of ASCT2 also appeared different in diurnal variation. Then we found the addition of 2.5% glutamate in a feeding diet significantly increased the expression levels of ASCT2 in intestine and muscle (p < 0.05). However, in glutamine experiments, the muscle showed the highest expression level of ASCT2 when fish were fed the diet containing 3.0% glutamine (p < 0.05). In vitro, ASCT2 was sensitive to glutamine and its expression level appeared down-regulated when the addition of glutamine was added to 0.1 mg/mL. Finally, we found that the diet with 29% protein level significantly increased the expression level of ASCT2 in intestine (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, different protein sources (fish meal and soybean meal) had no significant effect on the expression levels of ASCT2 in intestine and muscle (p > 0.05). These results provided data for the study of ASCT2 in triploid crucian carp regulated by feeding nutrition, which had a potential application in improving feed formulation in aquaculture.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Fan ◽  
Guangjing Zhang ◽  
Kaiyue Zhao ◽  
Wen Fu ◽  
Shujuan Chen ◽  
...  

In our previous research, SP600125 (Anthrapyrazolone) was used to induce autotetraploid of crucian carp cells (SP4N cells), and tetraploid fry was generated from the SP4N cells by somatic cell nuclear transfer technique. However, it is still unclear about biological characteristics of the SP4N cells. In this article, the cytological characteristic and gene expression profiles of the SP4N cells are investigated in comparison with the crucian carp cells (2N cells) and the tetraploid crucian carp cells (CC4N cells). The SP4N cells have tetraploid characteristics in terms of morphology and DNA ploidy levels, and their chromosome behavior is stable during the cell proliferation. The migration ability and the mtDNA copy number of SP4N cells are both lower than those in the CC4N cells and the 2N cells, but there exist giant mitochondria in the SP4N cells. The similar expression trends in the cell cycle regulation genes of the SP4N cells and 2N cells, while the corresponding expression profiles are clearly different between the SP4N cells and the CC4N cells. Moreover, the significant difference genes are associated with energy metabolism pathways among the SP4N cells, 2N cells and CC4N cells. These results can provide deeper understanding of SP600125 induction, as well as finding applications in polyploidization breeding of fish species.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
A. Kuchboev ◽  
B. Soatov

The results of the study of the helminth fauna of 8 species fish of the lower reaches reservoirs of the Zarafshan River are presented - carp (Cyprinus carpio), crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), roach (Rutilus rutilus), oriental bream (Abramis brama), pike perch (Stizostedion lucioperca), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), pike (Esox lucius), Turkestan barbel (Barbus capito conocephalus). 27 species of helminths were identified, including 12 species of cestodes (Caryophyllaeus laticeps Pallas, 1781; Caryophyllaeus fimbriceps Annenkova - Chlopina, 1919; Biacetabulum appendiculatum Szidat, 1937; Khawia sinensis Hsu, 1935; Bathybothrium rectangulum Bloch, 1782; Bothriocephalus opsariichthydis Yamaguti, 1934; Ligula intestinalis Linnaeus, 1758 larvae; Digramma interupta Rudolphi, 1810 larvae; Proteocephalus torulosus Batsch, 1786; Neogryporhynchus cheilanoristrotus Wedl, 1855 larvae; Gryporhynchus pusillus von Nordman, 1832 larvae; Valipora campylancristrota Rudolphi, 1819 larvae), 5 species of trematodes (Sanguinicola inermis Plehn, 1905; Orientocreadium siluri Bychowsky et Dubinina, 1954; Allocreadium isoporum Looss, 1894; Diplostomum spathaceum Rudolvae, 1832 lare; (Dioctophyme renale Goeze, 1782 larvae; Rhabdochona denudata Dujardin, 1845; Desmidocercella numidica Seurat, 1920 larvae; Camallanus truncatus Rudolphi, 1814; Camallanus lacustris Zoega, 1776; Philometra ovatachenko Zeder, 1803; 1779 larvae) and 2 species of acanthocephalus (Pomphorhynchus laevis Muller, 1776; Acantocephalus lucii Muller, 1776). This work includes the results of the research of the helminthes of the fish of waterbodies in the lowers of the Zarafshan River. As a result, the infection of fish with 27 species of helminthes, belonging to cestodes (12), trematodes (5), nematodes (8), and acanthocephalans (2) was established.


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