Role of vasopressin in cardiovascular responses to acute and chronic hyperosmolality

Experiments were performed in conscious chronically instrumented rats to determine the role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the cardiovascular adjustments to acute and chronic increases in plasma osmolality. Animals were implanted with pulsed Doppler flow probes and arterial and venous catheters for the determination of cardiac output, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), and heart rate and for the calculation of total peripheral resistance and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Before and after raising plasma osmolality by either 48-h water deprivation or acute hypertonic saline infusion, specific V1- or V2-vasopressinergic receptor antagonists or vehicle were administered to the animals, and the cardiovascular responses were noted. MABP was significantly elevated in water-deprived animals. These animals also exhibited significantly increased BRS, which was further increased by administration of the V1-receptor antagonist. Animals subjected to acute hypertonic saline infusion also demonstrated increased MABP, although the infusion, unlike water deprivation, did not affect BRS. We observed no significant effects on any other variable measured. We conclude that AVP plays a relatively minor role in the cardiovascular adjustments to acute and chronic hyperosmolality.

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Reproducibility of osmotic and nonosmotic tests of vasopressin secretion in men

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1991.260.3.r533 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 260 (3) ◽

pp. R533-R539 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C. J. Thompson ◽

P. Selby ◽

P. H. Baylis

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Hypertonic Saline ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Plasma Osmolality ◽

Saline Infusion ◽

Intraindividual Variation ◽

Insulin Tolerance ◽

Vasopressin Secretion ◽

Hypertonic Saline Infusion

We have studied the reproducibility of the thirst and arginine vasopressin (AVP) responses to osmotic and hypoglycemic stimulation in healthy volunteers undergoing repeat hypertonic (855 mmol/l) saline infusion and insulin tolerance tests (ITTs). Hypertonic saline infusion caused similar mean rises in plasma osmolality, AVP, and thirst on each occasion. Linear-regression analysis defined close relationships between the slopes (r = +0.72, P less than 0.05) and the abscissal intercepts (r = +0.89, P less than 0.001) of the regression lines relating plasma osmolality (Posmol) and plasma AVP (PAVP), and the group intraindividual component of the variance for the slopes and intercepts was 7 and 0.6%, respectively. There were close correlations between the slopes (r = +0.79, P less than 0.02) and the intercepts (r = +0.84, P less than 0.01) of the regression lines relating Posmol and thirst, and group intraindividual component of the variance was 14 and 0.7%, respectively. Hypertonic saline infusion was infused on four occasions in four subjects, and the results showed that the linear regression lines relating PAVP and Posmol and thirst and Posmol were reproducible within an individual. There were similar falls in blood glucose and elevations in PAVP in both ITTs. No relationship was defined between the fall in blood glucose and either the rise in PAVP or the area under the AVP curve (AUC). The intraindividual component of the variance for the rise in AVP and the AUC was 77 and 22.5%, respectively. The AVP and thirst responses to osmotic stimulation are highly reproducible, but there is considerable intraindividual variation in the AVP response to hypoglycemia.

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Role of A1 and A2 Noradrenergic Neurons and Median Preoptic Nucleus in Cardiovascular Recovery Induced by Hypertonic Saline Infusion in Hypovolemic Hemorrhagic Rats

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.984.8 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Nathalia Amaral ◽

Lara Naves ◽

Carlos Xavier ◽

Gustavo Pedrino

Keyword(s):

Hypertonic Saline ◽

Saline Infusion ◽

Cardiovascular Recovery ◽

Noradrenergic Neurons ◽

Preoptic Nucleus ◽

Median Preoptic Nucleus ◽

Hypertonic Saline Infusion

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Anteroventral third ventricle lesions impair cardiovascular responses to intravenous hypertonic saline infusion

Autonomic Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/j.autneu.2004.09.005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 117 (1) ◽

pp. 9-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Gustavo Rodrigues Pedrino ◽

Celisa Tiemi Nakagawa Sera ◽

Sérgio Luiz Cravo ◽

Débora Simões de Almeida Colombari

Keyword(s):

Hypertonic Saline ◽

Third Ventricle ◽

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

Saline Infusion ◽

Hypertonic Saline Infusion

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Role of prostaglandin cyclooxygenase and cytochrome P450 pathways in the mechanism of natriuresis which follows hypertonic saline infusion in the rat

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica ◽

10.1046/j.1365-201x.2003.01052.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 177 (1) ◽

pp. 93-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E. Kompanowska-Jezierska ◽

A. Walkowska ◽

J. Sadowski

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome P450 ◽

Hypertonic Saline ◽

Saline Infusion ◽

Hypertonic Saline Infusion

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Role of hypoxemia for the cardiovascular responses to apnea during exercise

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00036.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 283 (5) ◽

pp. R1227-R1235 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Peter Lindholm ◽

Jessica Nordh ◽

Dag Linnarsson

Keyword(s):

Impedance Cardiography ◽

Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽

Peripheral Resistance ◽

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

Arterial Oxygen ◽

Interindividual Differences ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Oxygen Oxygen ◽

Highly Correlated

We sought to define the role of hypoxemia in eliciting the cardiovascular responses to apnea during exercise. Eleven men performed repeated apneas during 100-W steady-state exercise, either with normoxic gas (air) or 95% oxygen (oxygen). Beat-by-beat arterial blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, and heart rate (HR) were determined, and stroke volume (SV) was estimated from impedance cardiography calibrated with soluble gas rebreathing. There were large interindividual variabilities of HR, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) at end-apnea (ea). However, for each individual, HRea, MAPea, and TPRea were highly correlated between air and oxygen ( R = 0.94, 0.78, and 0.93). HR decreased and MAP increased faster during apnea with air than with oxygen (ANOVA, P < 0.05), but MAPea was not different between conditions. Cardiac output was reduced by 33% with air and by 11% with oxygen ( P < 0.001 for air vs. oxygen). We conclude that the hypoxemia component cannot account for the wide interindividual differences of HR and TPR responses to apnea. However, hypoxemia augments the HR and TPR responses and may limit the MAP response to apnea by preventing a bradycardia-associated increase of SV.

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L-ARGININE INDUCES AN INCREASE IN ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE FOLLOWING HYPERTONIC SALINE INFUSION IN CONTROLLED HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.

Shock ◽

10.1097/00024382-199506002-00111 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

M. M. Krausz ◽

T. Amstislavsky ◽

H. Bitterman

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Hemorrhagic Shock ◽

Hypertonic Saline ◽

Arterial Blood Pressure ◽

Saline Infusion ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Hypertonic Saline Infusion

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Role of prostaglandin cyclooxygenase and cytochrome P450 pathways in the mechanism of natriuresis which follows hypertonic saline infusion in the rat

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica ◽

10.1046/j.1365-201x.2003.01118.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 178 (1) ◽

pp. 91-91

Author(s):

E. Kompanowska-Jezierska ◽

A. Walkowska ◽

J. Sadowski

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome P450 ◽

Hypertonic Saline ◽

Saline Infusion ◽

Hypertonic Saline Infusion

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Hypertonic Saline Infusion Acutely Degrades Mood in Healthy Volunteers (P23-014-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz043.p23-014-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

HyunGyu Suh ◽

Harris Lieberman ◽

Lisa Jansen ◽

J D Adams ◽

Adam Seal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hypertonic Saline ◽

Mood State ◽

Surrogate Marker ◽

Plasma Osmolality ◽

Acute Effect ◽

Saline Infusion ◽

Short Version ◽

Before And After ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Hypertonic Saline Infusion

Abstract Objectives Mild and moderate dehydration adversely affect mood and cognitive function. During dehydration, hypertonic hypovolemia activates both osmo- and baro-receptors but it is not known which physiological pathway is associated with degraded mood state. This study examined the acute effect of osmoreceptor stimulation on mood. Methods Sixty healthy adults (50% females, 30 ± 1 y; BMI: 26.9 ± 4.0 kg·m−2) were infused intravenously with 3.0% (HYPER) or 0.9% (ISO) NaCl for 2 h (0.1 ml·kg−1·min−1) using a counterbalanced, crossover design. Blood samples were collected every 30 minutes to measure plasma osmolality (POsm), copeptin (a surrogate marker of vasopressin), and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) hormones. Mood was assessed with the short version of Profile of Mood State (POMS) questionnaire before and after the infusion. Results POsm and copeptin increased from 286 ± 3 mmol·kg−1 to 305 ± 4 mmol·kg−1 and from 4.5 ± 3.7 pmol·L−1 to 20.4 ± 12.8 pmol·L−1, respectively in HYPER (P < 0.05), and were unchanged in ISO (P > 0.05). No hormonal differences were observed between trials for RAAS hormones (P > 0.05). During HYPER copeptin, following the 2-h infusion, was greater in females than in males (female: 23.4 ± 13.9 pmol·L−1, male: 17.4 ± 10.9 pmol·L−1; P < 0.05). The POMS total mood disturbance (TMD) score increased from 10.5 ± 0.9 to 16.5 ± 1.6 in HYPER (P < 0.05), but not in ISO (P > 0.05). Among POMS subscales, depression-dejection and fatigue-inertia increased in HYPER compared to ISO (P < 0.05). When TMD responses in the HYPER trial were analyzed with sex as a between-subjects factor, the increase was significant in females (pre: 10.2 ± 1.0, post: 18.6 ± 2.3; P < 0.001) but not in males (pre: 10.8 ± 1.4, post: 14.0 ± 2.0; P > 0.05). The confusion-bewilderment subscales and fatigue-inertia of the POMS were also elevated post HYPER in females (P < 0.05), but not in ISO (P > 0.05) in either sex. Conclusions Hypertonic saline infusion acutely degrades mood state, and women appear to have a more pronounced response. The underlying mechanisms remain to be determined but may be related to higher copeptin levels in women. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02761434. Funding Sources Danone Research. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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Role of the renin-angiotensin system in drinking of seawater-adapted eels Anguilla japonica: a reevaluation

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.3.r1105 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 279 (3) ◽

pp. R1105-R1111 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yoshio Takei ◽

Takamasa Tsuchida

Keyword(s):

Arterial Pressure ◽

Plasma Osmolality ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Minor Role ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Ang Ii ◽

Angiotensin System ◽

Renin Angiotensin ◽

Arterial Blood

The role of ANG II, a potent dipsogenic hormone, in copious drinking of seawater eels was examined. SQ-14225 (SQ), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, infused intra-arterially at 0.01–1 μg · kg−1 · min−1, depressed drinking and arterial blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition was accompanied by a small decrease in plasma ANG II concentration, which became significant at 1 μg · kg−1 · min−1. After the infusate was changed back to the vehicle, the depression of drinking and arterial pressure continued for >2 h, although plasma ANG II concentration rebounded above the level before SQ infusion. By contrast, infusion of anti-ANG II serum (0.01–1 μg · kg−1 · min−1) did not suppress drinking and arterial pressure, although plasma ANG II concentration decreased to undetectable levels. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and plasma osmolality, which influence drinking rate in eels, did not change during SQ or antiserum infusions. These results suggest that the renin-angiotensin system plays only a minor role in the vigorous drinking observed in seawater eels. The results also suggest that the antidipsogenic and vasodepressor effects of SQ in seawater eels are not due solely to the inhibition of ANG II formation in plasma.

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