Role of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression in body weight regulation

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (5) ◽  
pp. R1687-R1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Davies ◽  
J. L. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Body Weight Regulation ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) may be involved in the hyperphagia that follows food deprivation associated with significant weight loss. However, it is unclear whether NPY is involved in body weight regulation under more physiological circumstances. Consequently, we measured body weight, food intake, arcuate nucleus (ARC) NPY mRNA, serum glucose, and insulin in male Wistar rats after 48 h of food deprivation and various refeeding protocols. Food deprivation produced a twofold increase in NPY mRNA, whereas 3 days of ad libitum refeeding returned body weight and NPY mRNA to control. If hyperphagia was prevented for 5 days during refeeding, then neither body weight nor NPY mRNA normalized. There were strong negative correlations between ARC NPY mRNA and both loss of body weight and serum insulin levels. These data suggest that hypothalamic NPY gene expression plays a role in control of body weight under physiological conditions. The data further suggest that NPY mRNA may be decreased by peripheral insulin levels.

scholarly journals Effect of metformin on the expression of SNAER proteins in the skeletal muscle of rats with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 270-278
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Snare Complex ◽  
Snare Proteins ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background and Aims: SNARE proteins are composed of a combination of SNAP-23, Stx-4, and VAMP-2 isoforms that are significantly expressed in skeletal muscle. These proteins control the transport of GLUT4 to the cell membranes. The modifications in the expression of SNARE proteins can cause Type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to assess the effect of metformin on the expression of these proteins in rats. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly selected. Streptozotocin and Nicotinamide were used for the induction of type 2 diabetes. The animals were assigned to five groups (n=8), including healthy and diabetic groups as control, as well as three experimental groups which were treated with different doses of metformin (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. The quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) method was applied to evaluate the expression of SNARE complex proteins.. Results: Based on the results, metformin (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) decreased serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels. This difference in dose of 200 mg/kg body weight was statistically significant (P<0.05). Moreover, all three doses of metformin increased the expression of SNAP- 23, syntaxin-4, and VAMP-2 proteins in skeletal muscle tissue. Metformin at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight demonstrated the most significant effects (P<0.05). Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of the current study, another anti-diabetic mechanism of metformin is to increase the expression of SNARE proteins, which effectively improves insulin resistance and lowers blood glucose.

Plasma neuropeptide Y levels relate cigarette smoking and smoking cessation to body weight regulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 176 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tajamul Hussain ◽  
Nasser M. Al-Daghri ◽  
Omar S. Al-Attas ◽  
Hossam M. Draz ◽  
Sherif H. Abd Al-Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Body Weight Regulation

Hepatoprotective effects of selenium during diabetes in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Zou ◽  
Q Qiu ◽  
H Chen ◽  
L Dou ◽  
J Liang
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Selenium Treatment ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The present study investigated the hepatoprotective role of selenium during alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, namely, normal control, selenium treated, diabetic, and selenium-treated diabetic. Diabetes was induced in the animals by injecting alloxan intraperitoneally at a dose rate of 150 mg/kg body weight. Selenium in the form of sodium selenite was supplemented to rats at a dose level of 1 ppm in drinking water, ad libitum for two time durations of 2 and 4 weeks. The effects of different treatments were studied on various parameters in rat liver, which included serum glucose levels, serum insulin levels, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione reduced (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), total glutathione (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, metallothionein (MT), and histoarchitecture. A significant increase in the serum glucose levels, LPO levels, and in enzyme activities of ALP, ALT, and AST was observed in diabetic rats which, however, got decreased significantly upon supplementation with selenium. On the contrary, decreased enzyme activities of GSSG, SOD, and CAT and depressed levels of GSH as well as serum insulin levels were observed in diabetic rats which got improved following selenium supplementation. Interestingly, MT levels were increased both in diabetic and selenium-treated diabetic rats. Further, marked alterations in histoarchitecture were seen in diabetic rats with the prominent features being congestion in sinusoids, lipid accumulation, and centrilobular hepatocyte degeneration. However, selenium treatment to diabetic rats showed overall improvement in the hepatic histoarchitecture.

Diurnal profiles of hypothalamic energy balance gene expression with photoperiod manipulation in the Siberian hamster, Phodopus sungorus

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (4) ◽  
pp. R1148-R1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Ellis ◽  
Kim M. Moar ◽  
Tracy J. Logie ◽  
Alexander W. Ross ◽  
Peter J. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Body Weight Regulation ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Siberian Hamster ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Long Form

Hypothalamic energy balance genes have been examined in the context of seasonal body weight regulation in the Siberian hamster. Most of these long photoperiod (LD)/short photoperiod (SD) comparisons have been of tissues collected at a single point in the light-dark cycle. We examined the diurnal expression profile of hypothalamic genes in hamsters killed at 3-h intervals throughout the light-dark cycle after housing in LD or SD for 12 wk. Gene expression of neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, proopiomelanocortin, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, long-form leptin receptor, suppressor of cytokine signaling-3, melanocortin-3 receptor, melanocortin-4 receptor, and the clock gene Per1 as control were measured by in situ hybridization in hypothalamic nuclei. Effects of photoperiod on gene expression and leptin levels were generally consistent with previous reports. A clear diurnal variation was observed for Per1 in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in both photoperiods. Temporal effects on expression of energy balance genes were restricted to long-form leptin receptor in the arcuate nucleus and ventromedial nucleus, where similar diurnal expression profiles were observed, and melanocortin-4 receptor in the paraventricular nucleus; these effects were only observed in LD hamsters. There was no variation in serum leptin concentration. The 24-h profiles of hypothalamic energy balance gene expression broadly confirm photoperiodic differences that were observed previously, based on single time point comparisons, support the growing consensus that these genes have a limited role in seasonal body weight regulation, and further suggest limited involvement in daily rhythms of food intake.

Non-homeostatic body weight regulation through a brainstem-restricted receptor for GDF15

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsu JY ◽  
Crawley S ◽  
Chen M ◽  
Ayupova DA ◽  
Lindhout DA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Body Weight Regulation
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