Renal and vascular effects of C-type and atrial natriuretic peptides in humans

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (4) ◽  
pp. R1457-R1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Pham ◽  
Saïd Sediame ◽  
Geneviève Maistre ◽  
Françoise Roudot-Thoraval ◽  
Pierre-Etienne Chabrier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Fractional Excretion Of Sodium ◽  
Endocrine Factor ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) may affect renal and vascular functions differently from atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). The objective of this study was to compare the renal and vascular actions of CNP to those of ANP in normal men. CNP or ANP (0.005, 0.01, and 0.05 μg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) were given by infusion to eight healthy volunteers. CNP caused dose-dependent increases in natriuresis (UNa) and in the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) with no effect on diuresis (UV), renal plasma flow, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Fraction of filtration (FF) increased only with the 0.05 μg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1CNP dose. ANP caused larger increases in UNa, FENa, and FF than CNP and also increased UV at 0.01 and 0.05 μg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1and GFR at 0.05 μg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1. Although the ANP and CNP infusions produced similar elevation in the respective peptides plasma levels, urinary and nephrogenous guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate increased less in response to CNP than to ANP. Blood pressure, forearm blood flow, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone remained unaffected during the peptides infusion. Plasma ANP increased slightly during CNP infusion. Our data indicate a higher threshold of renal response to CNP than to ANP. In contrast to ANP, CNP probably may not act as an endocrine factor in humans.

Low-Dose Brain Natriuretic Peptide Infusion in Normal Men and the Influence of Endopeptidase Inhibition

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Florkowski ◽  
A. M. Richards ◽  
E. A. Espiner ◽  
T. G. Yandle ◽  
E. Sybertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Brain Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

1. To assess the threshold dose for bioactivity of brain natriuretic peptide and the role of endopeptidase 24.11 in metabolism of brain natriuretic peptide at physiological plasma levels, we studied eight normal men receiving 2 h infusions of low-dose brain natriuretic peptide [0.25 and 0.5 pmol min−1 kg−1 with and without pretreatment with an endopeptidase inhibitor (SCH 32615, 250 mg intravenously)] in placebo-controlled studies. 2. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide increased 2-fold during the infusion of 0.25 pmol min−1 kg−1 (mean increment above control 3.9 pmol/l, P < 0.001), and tripled (P < 0.001) with 0.5 pmol min−1 kg−1. Plasma renin activity was inhibited by both doses (14.8%, P < 0.01, and 20%, P < 0.001, respectively). A significant natriuresis (56% increase in urine sodium/creatinine ratio, P < 0.02) occurred with the higher dose. Blood pressure, haematocrit, plasma cGMP, atrial natriuretic peptide and aldosterone were unaffected by either dose. 3. Compared with brain natriuretic peptide (0.5 pmol min−1 kg−1) alone, SCH 32615 pretreatment increased peak plasma brain natriuretic peptide (13.4±0.78 versus 12.4±0.86 pmol/l, P < 0.05), ANP (7.5±0.96 versus 5.9±0.4 pmol/l, P < 0.01) and cGMP (4.8 ± 1.7 versus 3.9 ± 1.4 nmol/l, P < 0.001). Plasma renin activity was further suppressed with SCH 32615 pretreatment (29% compared with 20%, P < 0.001). 4. Small acute increments in plasma brain natriuretic peptide (4 pmol/l) have significant biological effects in normal men without altering plasma atrial natriuretic peptide or cGMP.

Response to atrial natriuretic peptide in dogs with hypovolemic acute pancreatitis

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (2) ◽  
pp. F211-F217
Author(s):  
M. Levy ◽  
P. Cernacek
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Fractional Excretion Of Sodium ◽  
Acute Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

The ability of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) to preserve renal function in dogs with hypovolemic acute renal insufficiency was tested in anesthetized dogs 4 h after the induction of acute pancreatitis. Plasma volume had decreased by 21.5% and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by 43.2%. Blood pressure had declined by 30 mmHg. ANP was given intravenously at 50 and 150 ng.kg-1.min-1. With the lower dose, blood pressure (BP), GFR, and clearance of p-aminohippuric acid (CPAH) did not change but urine flow (V) and sodium excretion (UNaV) increased. With the higher dose, BP declined by 25 mmHg, GFR declined, but V and UNaV still increased. When plasma volume was maintained with 4% colloid during the progression of pancreatitis and ANP 50 ng.kg-1.min-1 given, BP declined, GFR did not change, and there was a magnified increment in V and UNaV. The administration of glucagon (5 micrograms/min iv) to dogs with hypovolemic pancreatitis caused BP to decline by 17 mmHg. Despite a major increment in GFR, fractional excretion of sodium increased only slightly, compared with that obtained with ANP. We conclude that glucagon preserves GFR more effectively than ANP in hypovolemia, but ANP is more effective in protecting urinary water and sodium excretion.

scholarly journals Haemodynamic and Renal Effects of Dopexamine after Cardiac Surgery in Children

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Habre ◽  
M. Beghetti ◽  
C. Roduit ◽  
E. Girardin ◽  
M. Vallotton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Stroke Volume Index ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Renal Effects ◽  
Fractional Excretion Of Sodium

Dopexamine hydrochloride, a synthetic dopamine analog with predominantly beta and delta agonist properties, has been shown to improve cardiac performance and renal function in adults with heart failure. This study was designed to investigate the haemodynamic and renal effects of dopexamine in children after cardiac surgery. Seven children were selected in whom a need for postoperative vasodilation after cardiac surgery was anticipated. Haemodynamics and renal function were determined under baseline conditions and during a continuous infusion of dopexamine at 2 and 6 μg.kg-1.min-1 for 90 minutes, the sequence being randomized for the initial dose. Cardiac output was measured by thermodilution and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) by the clearances of inulin and para-aminohippurate respectively. Dopexamine induced a dose-related increase in cardiac index (CI) expressed as mean (SD) from 3.5 (0.7) to 3.9 (0.76) and 4.5 (0.8) l.min.-1m-2 (both P<0.05), and in heart rate (HR) from 107 (17) to 122 (17) and 136 (17) beats.min-1 (P<0.05). Stroke volume index (SVI) and mean systemic pressure were unchanged, but pulmonary wedge pressure decreased from 14 (3) to 11 (4) and 12 (3) mmHg (both P<0.05). Systemic vascular resistances (SVR) decreased from 24 (7) to 20 (5) mmHg.l-1.min-1.m-2 (P<0.05), with dopexamine 6 μg.kg-1.min-1. Renal blood flow (RBF) increased from 319 (113) to 441 (230) and 410 (138) ml.min-1.m-2 (both P<0.05), GFR from 115 (32) to 142 (34) and 146 (29) ml.min-1.1.73m-2 (both P<0.05), urine output and fractional excretion of sodium respectively from 3.12 (2) to 7.16 (8) and 7.21 (6) ml.kg-1 (both P<0.05) and from 2.24 (1) to 4.25 (3.4) (P<0.05) and 3.15 (3.1)% (n.s.). The fraction of CI delivered to the kidneys, the fraction of RBF filtered in the kidneys, plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels remained unchanged. In children after cardiac surgery, dopexamine increases CI at the expense of a concomitant increase in heart rate and demonstrates few selective vascular systemic or intrinsic renal actions.

Different effects of atrial and C-type natriuretic peptide on the urinary excretion of endothelin-1 in man

1998 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio LA VILLA ◽  
Massimo MANNELLI ◽  
Chiara LAZZERI ◽  
Sabrina VECCHIARINO ◽  
Maria Laura DE FEO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide Receptors ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

1.Following the observation that brain natriuretic peptide enhances the urinary excretion rate of endothelin-1, the relationship between natriuretic peptides and urinary endothelin-1 was further investigated. Six healthy volunteers received, on three different occasions, increasing doses of atrial or C-type natriuretic peptide (0, 2 and 4 ;pmol·min-1·kg-1 for 1 ;h each), or placebo. 2.Atrial natriuretic peptide caused significant increases in the urinary excretion of cGMP, sodium and endothelin-1, without affecting plasma endothelin-1, renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate and urine flow rate. C-type natriuretic peptide did not modify any of these parameters. During atrial natriuretic peptide infusion, urinary endothelin-1 directly correlated with plasma atrial natriuretic peptide, urinary cGMP and sodium excretion. 3.These results indicate that enhancement of the urinary excretion of endothelin-1 by natriuretic peptides is dose-dependent and somewhat related to their ability to bind to natriuretic peptide receptors A, activate guanylate cyclase and induce a natriuretic response.

Role of endogenous endothelin on renal functions in rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (1) ◽  
pp. F34-F38
Author(s):  
K. Yamada ◽  
S. Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
High Salt Intake ◽  
Fractional Excretion Of Sodium

This study was conducted to determine the involvement of endogenous endothelin (ET), a novel potent vasoconstricting peptide, in systemic and renal hemodynamics and in the renin-angiotensin system by inhibiting ET action via infusion of a specific ET antiserum at a time of altered sodium balance. Infusion of 1:50 diluted ET antiserum, which completely inhibited renal vasoconstriction by the exogenously administered ET (0.25 to 1.0 nmol/kg), caused an increase in urinary sodium excretion and fractional excretion of sodium and a decrease in plasma renin concentration without significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate, glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, and urine volume compared with the values with nonimmune serum in conscious rats fed a low-salt diet. A time control study showed no significant changes in all parameters. These results suggest that the state of low- compared to high-salt intake causes a relatively stronger activity of endogenous ET, and that the endogenous ET contributes to the adaptative modulations of sodium excretion via renal tubular action and renin release in association with the changed state of sodium balance.

Hormonal interactions and renal function during mechanical ventilation and ANF infusion in humans

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Andrivet ◽  
S. Adnot ◽  
S. Sanker ◽  
P. E. Chabrier ◽  
I. Macquin-Mavier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Fractional Excretion Of Sodium

To investigate the influence of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) on renal function during mechanical ventilation (MV), we examined the renal and hormonal responses to synthetic human ANF infusion in eight patients during MV with zero (ZEEP) or 10 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Compared with ZEEP, MV with PEEP was associated with a reduction in diuresis (V) from 208 +/- 51 to 68 +/- 11 ml/h (P less than 0.02), in natriuresis (UNa) from 12.4 +/- 3.3 to 6.2 +/- 2.1 mmol/h (P less than 0.02), and in fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) from 1.07 +/- 0.02), 0.21 to 0.67 +/- 0.17% (P less than 0.02) and with an increase in plasma renin activity (PRA) from 4.83 +/- 1.53 to 7.85 +/- 3.02 ng.ml-1.h-1 (P less than 0.05). Plasma ANF levels markedly decreased during PEEP in four patients but showed only minor changes in the other four patients, and mean plasma ANF levels did not change (163 +/- 33 pg/ml during ZEEP and 126 +/- 30 pg/ml during PEEP). Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were unchanged. Infusion of ANF (5 ng.kg-1.min-1) during PEEP markedly increased V and UNa by 110 +/- 61 and 107 +/- 26%, respectively, whereas PRA decreased from 7.85 +/- 3.02 to 4.40 +/- 1.5 ng.ml-1.min-1 (P less than 0.05). In response to a 10 ng.kg-1.min-1 ANF infusion, V increased to 338 +/- 79 ml/h during ZEEP but only to 134 +/- 45 ml/h during PEEP (P less than 0.02), whereas UNa increased, respectively, to 23.8 +/- 5.3 and 11.3 +/- 3.3 mmol/h (P less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Response of atrial natriuretic peptide to acute saline loading in essential hypertension

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (6) ◽  
pp. F1085-F1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mimran ◽  
J. Nussberger ◽  
J. Ribstein ◽  
B. Waeber ◽  
H. R. Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Saline Loading ◽  
Fractional Excretion Of Sodium ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

To further investigate the mechanism(s) of the exaggerated natriuretic response of hypertensives to volume expansion (VE; 1,800 ml iv isotonic saline over 3 h), the plasma levels of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were measured in 11 normal subjects (NT) and 12 patients with mild essential hypertension (HT). NT and HT groups were similar with respect to age and basal levels of renin, aldosterone and ANP (34.5 +/- 5.5 in NT and 32.5 +/- 6.3 pg/ml in HT, mean +/- SE). In response to VE, ANP increased to the same extent in both groups (a change of 19.3 +/- 5.2 in NT and of 22.2 +/- 7.1 pg/ml in HT) despite the finding of an exaggerated natriuretic response to VE in essential hypertension (36 +/- 3.5 in NT and 54.9 +/- 6.3 nmol/3 h in HT, P less than 0.02). In addition, the fall in hematocrit and serum protein associated with saline infusion was less marked in HT than NT. The change in ANP induced by VE was inversely correlated with the percent fall in hematocrit and the increment in the fractional excretion of sodium in both groups. These observations suggest that ANPs may participate in the control of the renal response to isotonic VE; however they do not support an unequivocal influence of ANP in the exaggerated natriuretic response to VE of patients with essential hypertension.

Effects of endogenous atrial natriuretic peptide released by rapid atrial pacing in dogs

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (4) ◽  
pp. R599-R604 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Walsh ◽  
T. D. Williams ◽  
R. Canepa-Anson ◽  
E. Pitts ◽  
S. L. Lightman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Atrial Pacing ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Rebound Increase ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

The relationships between the hemodynamic, renal, and endocrine changes induced by rapid atrial pacing were studied in seven chloralose-anesthetized greyhounds paced from the right atrial appendage for 60 min at 250 beats/min. Pacing increased mean pulmonary wedge pressure, decreased cardiac output, and decreased mean arterial pressure. Systemic vascular resistance did not change significantly. Coronary sinus atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations rose maximally within 5 min of commencing pacing. The corresponding increase in arterial ANP concentrations during this time was only 44% of its maximum value after 30 min of pacing. Plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin were unchanged. Plasma renin activity decreased during pacing and showed a marked rebound increase at 60 min postpacing. Plasma norepinephrine levels did not change significantly during pacing. Urine flow increased during the latter 30 min of pacing. There was no significant change in sodium clearance despite high sustained concentrations of ANP. The lack of significant natriuretic and systemic vasodilator effects in association with high arterial plasma concentrations of endogenous ANP, in the absence of antagonistic mechanisms, suggests that the natriuretic and vascular effects of ANP may not be its major physiological actions.

Effect of physical exercise in hypobaric conditions on atrial natriuretic peptide secretion

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. R647-R652 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Vuolteenaho ◽  
P. Koistinen ◽  
V. Martikkala ◽  
T. Takala ◽  
J. Leppaluoto
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Elimination Mechanism ◽  
Peptide Secretion ◽  
Ergometer Test ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

To evaluate the role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in exercise-related cardiovascular and hormonal adjustments in hypobaric conditions, 14 young athletes performed a maximal ergometer test in a hypobaric chamber adjusted to simulate the altitudes of sea level and 3,000 m. Plasma immunoreactive ANP levels rose from 5.89 to 35.1 pmol/l at sea level and rose significantly less (P less than 0.05), from 5.36 to 22.3 pmol/l, at simulated 3,000 m. Plasma immunoreactive amino-terminal peptide of proANP (NT-proANP) levels increased to the same extent at sea level and at simulated 3,000 m (from 240 to 481 pmol/l and from 257 to 539 pmol/l, respectively). Plasma immunoreactive aldosterone increased significantly less at simulated 3,000 m (P less than 0.05), but the changes in plasma renin were similar in both conditions. Plasma immunoreactive endothelin-1 and serum erythropoietin levels remained unchanged. In conclusion, we found a blunted ANP response to maximal exercise of ANP in acute hypobaric exposure compared with that in normobaric conditions, but no significant difference in the NT-proANP responses between the two conditions. The divergence may be due to stimulation of the elimination mechanism of ANP.

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