scholarly journals High-fructose corn syrup-sweetened soft drink consumption increases vascular resistance in the kidneys at rest and during sympathetic activation

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (4) ◽  
pp. F1053-F1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Chapman ◽  
Tigran Grigoryan ◽  
Nicole T. Vargas ◽  
Emma L. Reed ◽  
Paul J. Kueck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
High Fructose Corn Syrup ◽  
Segmental Artery ◽  
Pressor Test ◽  
Caffeine Content ◽  
High Fructose

We first tested the hypothesis that consuming a high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened soft drink augments kidney vasoconstriction to sympathetic stimulation compared with water ( study 1). In a second study, we examined the mechanisms underlying these observations ( study 2). In study 1, 13 healthy adults completed a cold pressor test, a sympathoexcitatory maneuver, before (preconsumption) and 30 min after drinking 500 mL of decarbonated HFCS-sweetened soft drink or water (postconsumption). In study 2, venous blood samples were obtained in 12 healthy adults before and 30 min after consumption of 500 mL water or soft drinks matched for caffeine content and taste, which were either artificially sweetened (Diet trial), sucrose-sweetened (Sucrose trial), or sweetened with HFCS (HFCS trial). In both study 1 and study 2, vascular resistance was calculated as mean arterial pressure divided by blood velocity, which was measured via Doppler ultrasound in renal and segmental arteries. In study 1, HFCS consumption increased vascular resistance in the segmental artery at rest (by 0.5 ± 0.6 mmHg·cm−1·s−1, P = 0.01) and during the cold pressor test (average change: 0.5 ± 1.0 mmHg·cm−1·s−1, main effect: P = 0.05). In study 2, segmental artery vascular resistance increased in the HFCS trial (by 0.8 ± 0.7 mmHg·cm−1·s−1, P = 0.02) but not in the other trials. Increases in serum uric acid were greater in the HFCS trial (0.3 ± 0.4 mg/dL, P ≤ 0.04) compared with the Water and Diet trials, and serum copeptin increased in the HFCS trial (by 0.8 ± 1.0 pmol/L, P = 0.06). These findings indicate that HFCS acutely increases vascular resistance in the kidneys, independent of caffeine content and beverage osmolality, which likely occurs via simultaneous elevations in circulating uric acid and vasopressin.

scholarly journals Increases in renal segmental artery vascular resistance acutely provoked by soft drink consumption are likely caused by high fructose corn syrup

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Leonard D. Pietrafesa ◽  
Christopher L. Chapman ◽  
Blair D. Johnson ◽  
Emma L. Reed ◽  
Paul J. Kueck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
High Fructose Corn Syrup ◽  
Corn Syrup ◽  
Segmental Artery ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
High Fructose

Cutaneous Vascular Responses Evoked in the Hand by the Cold Pressor Test and by Mental Arithmetic

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Marriott ◽  
Janice M. Marshall ◽  
E. J. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Pressor Test ◽  
Contralateral Hand ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cutaneous Vascular Resistance

1. Laser Doppler flowmetry has been used to study changes in cutaneous erythrocyte flux produced in the hand (i) on successive immersion of the contralateral hand in water at 20°C (cold test) and then in water at 0–4°C (cold pressor test), and (ii) by mental arithmetic. 2. In 11 subjects, placing the right hand in water at 20°C for 2 min induced a significant decrease in cutaneous erythrocyte flux in the contralateral hand and a significant fall in mean arterial pressure. Cutaneous vascular resistance, calculated as arterial pressure/cutaneous erythrocyte flux, showed no significant change. Thus, the decrease in erythrocyte flux was apparently due to a fall in perfusion pressure. 3. Subsequent immersion of the right hand in water at 0–4°C for 2 min caused a significant decrease in erythrocyte flux in the contralateral hand and a significant rise in mean arterial pressure. It is concluded that the cold pressor response evoked from one hand elicited a substantial reflex vasoconstriction in the skin of the other hand; accordingly, calculated cutaneous vascular resistance increased significantly. 4. Eight subjects performed mental arithmetic for two periods of 2 min separated by a rest period of 2 min. By the end of the second minute of each period of mental arithmetic there was a significant decrease in erythrocyte flux. Mean arterial pressure increased significantly in the first period only, but calculated cutaneous vascular resistance increased in both periods, consistent with cutaneous vasoconstriction. 5. The cold pressor test and mental arithmetic are aversive stimuli that evoke the characteristic pattern of the alerting or defence response which includes splanchnic vasoconstriction and muscle vasodilatation. Previous studies on the cutaneous vascular component of this response have yielded equivocal results. The present study provides firm evidence that it includes cutaneous vasoconstriction, at least in the hand.

Gender differences in cardiovascular responses to the cold hand pressor test and facial cooling

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1193-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Kilgour ◽  
J. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systemic Vascular Resistance ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Pressor Test ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Facial Cooling

To test the hypothesis that changes in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) contribute to the differences in arterial blood pressure responses between men and women to local cold pressor tests, nine normotensive men (25.9 ± 5.9 years old) and women (24.4 ± 5.9 years old) performed the cold hand pressor test (CPT; 6 min in 5 °C water) in the supine position. A subgroup of men (n = 5) and women (n = 5) from the CPT were exposed to 6 min of facial cooling (FC) by circulating cold water (5 °C) through a perfusion mask. Using standard auscultatory techniques, pre-experimental systolic and diastolic blood pressures were found to be significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in males than females. During the initial 2 min of CPT and FC, both males and females experienced similar relative increases in pressure. Thereafter, only the males maintained an elevated pressor response, whereas the females progressively declined. The gender-related trends in blood pressure can be explained by differences in SVR, with the males exhibiting significantly greater changes in SVR than females during min 4–6 in CPT. Heart rate increased (p ≤ 0.05) in both groups, with the greater rise occurring in females at each minute of CPT. Throughout FC, the changes in SVR were similar between groups, with the exception of the 6-min value being greater than baseline in men but not women. No differences in heart rate or cardiac output were observed between groups during FC. In general, the results indicate that men respond with greater and more prolonged peripheral adjustments (e.g., rise in SVR), whereas females are more like "cardiac" responders, with greater increases in heart rate and an attenuated blood pressure response to CPT.Key words: cold pressor test, facial cooling, gender, systemic vascular resistance, heart rate.

scholarly journals Renal and segmental artery hemodynamics during whole body passive heating and cooling recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 974-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Chapman ◽  
Julia M. Benati ◽  
Blair D. Johnson ◽  
Nicole T. Vargas ◽  
Penelope C. Lema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Artery ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Blood Velocity ◽  
Sympathetic Activation ◽  
Passive Heating ◽  
Segmental Artery ◽  
Renal Vascular

High environmental temperatures are associated with increased risk of acute kidney injury, which may be related to reductions in renal blood flow. The susceptibility of the kidneys may be increased because of heat stress-induced changes in renal vascular resistance (RVR) to sympathetic activation. We tested the hypotheses that, compared with normothermia, increases in RVR during the cold pressor test (CPT, a sympathoexcitatory maneuver) are attenuated during passive heating and exacerbated after cooling recovery. Twenty-four healthy adults (22 ± 2 yr; 12 women, 12 men) completed CPTs at normothermic baseline, after passive heating to a rise in core temperature of ~1.2°C, and after cooling recovery when core temperature returned to ~0.2°C above normothermic baseline. Blood velocity was measured by Doppler ultrasound in the distal segment of the right renal artery (Renal, n = 24 during thermal stress, n = 12 during CPTs) or the middle portion of a segmental artery (Segmental, n = 12). RVR was calculated as mean arterial pressure divided by renal or segmental blood velocity. RVR increased at the end of CPT during normothermic baseline in both arteries (Renal: by 1.0 ± 1.0 mmHg·cm−1·s, Segmental: by 2.2 ± 1.2 mmHg·cm−1·s, P ≤ 0.03), and these increases were abolished with passive heating ( P ≥ 0.76). At the end of cooling recovery, RVR in both arteries to the CPT was restored to that of normothermic baseline ( P ≤ 0.17). These data show that increases in RVR to sympathetic activation during passive heating are attenuated and return to that of normothermic baseline after cooling recovery. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our data indicate that increases in renal vascular resistance to the cold pressor test (i.e., sympathetic activation) are attenuated during passive heating, but at the end of cooling recovery this response returns to that of normothermic baseline. Importantly, hemodynamic responses were assessed in arteries going to (renal artery) and within (segmental artery) the kidney, which has not been previously examined in the same study during thermal and/or sympathetic stressors.

scholarly journals Cold pressor test using strain-gauge plethysmography

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Feliciani ◽  
Cristiano Peron ◽  
Augusto La Rocca ◽  
Maria Francesca Scuppa ◽  
Andrea Malavolta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Peripheral Vascular Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Pressor Test ◽  
Strain Gauge Plethysmography

This laboratory activity is designed to teach students how to measure forearm muscle blood flow (FBF) to describe the mechanisms of peripheral blood flow thermal regulation in healthy subjects. The cold pressor test (CPT) is the clinical procedure used in the experiment to induce arterial vasoconstriction. Strain-gauge plethysmography is applied on the patient's forearm to noninvasive monitor vasoconstriction effects on local blood perfusion and physiological parameters such as blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). Patients with an altered peripheral vascular resistance (e.g., in hypertension) have different responses to the CPT from healthy subjects. To date, experimental evidence remains unexplained, as we do not know if the BP and HR increase is caused by a decrease in flow rate or an increase in peripheral vascular resistance during the test. To clarify this situation, we have to quantify the parameter we assume is being conditioned by the regulatory physiological intervention, i.e., peripheral vascular resistance. Peripheral vascular resistance quantification can be calculated as the ratio between muscle flow and mean arterial pressure. Students will learn how to apply the instrumental procedure to collect and analyze data before, during, and after the CPT and to describe the physiological responses of the peripheral vascular system to external stressors. They will also learn how to distinguish healthy from pathological responses on the basis of how sympathetic nervous system reactions influence the biomechanics of peripheral vessels.

Repercussões pressóricas do frio local: a crioterapia deve ser administrada com precaução em pacientes hipertensos?

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Coertjens
Keyword(s):  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Pressor Test

Introdução: A crioterapia é um recurso que diminui a temperatura corporal local com finalidades terapêuticas. Uma importante repercussão é a vasoconstrição local, que seria o desencadeador de um possível aumento na pressão arterial (PA). Entretanto, não existem trabalhos que comprovem essa suposição. Nossa hipótese é que os resultados das pesquisas de Cold Pressor Test (CPT) avaliando PA acabaram historicamente fundamentando as precauções da crioterapia em relação a pacientes hipertensos. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura a respeito das pesquisas que sustentam a precaução da crioterapia em indivíduos hipertensos e verificar sua relação com estudos que utilizaram o CPT. Material e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura que utilizou as bases de dados online Medline, Scielo, Lilacs e Google Acadêmico para a realização da pesquisa. Resultado: Apesar de não serem unânimes, diversas pesquisas que utilizaram o CPT encontraram significativos aumentos da atividade nervosa simpática muscular e da PA em normotensos e hipertensos, entretanto não encontramos estudos que tenham comprovado respostas significativas de PA com o uso da crioterapia, principalmente, em hipertensos. Conclusão: Não existem evidências científicas que comprovem a precaução da crioterapia em indivíduos hipertensos. Além disso, os estudos com CPT não são unânimes em relação aos aumentos pressóricos em indivíduos normotensos e hipertensos.Palavras-chave: crioterapia, hemodinâmica, hipertensão, pressão arterial. 

scholarly journals The expanding role of the cold pressor test: a brief history

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Lamotte ◽  
Christopher J. Boes ◽  
Phillip A. Low ◽  
Elizabeth A. Coon
Keyword(s):  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Pressor Test
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