SDH activity and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers in cat diaphragm

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1284-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Sieck ◽  
R. D. Sacks ◽  
C. E. Blanco ◽  
V. R. Edgerton
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Myosin Atpase ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unimodal Distribution ◽  
Population Distributions ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Slow Twitch Fibers ◽  
Fast Twitch

The succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and cross-sectional area of individual muscle fibers in the cat diaphragm were quantified using a computerized image-processing system. The population distributions of fiber-SDH activities and cross-sectional areas showed considerable range within each diaphragm. Despite an overlap in the distribution of SDH activities between fast-twitch (i.e., those staining darkly for myosin ATPase) and slow-twitch (i.e., those staining lightly for myosin ATPase) fibers, differences between the two populations of fibers were observed. Fast-twitch fibers generally had lower SDH activities and greater cross-sectional areas than slow-twitch fibers. However, the range of SDH activities and cross-sectional areas of fast-twitch fibers was much greater than in slow-twitch fibers. The population distributions of SDH activities and cross-sectional areas of both fast- and slow-twitch fibers were unimodal. The unimodal distribution of SDH activities in fast-twitch fibers suggested that these fibers could not be clearly subdivided into two groups based on differences in their oxidative capacity (i.e., high- and low-oxidative fibers). These results were discussed in the context of the classification of fast-twitch glycolytic and fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic fibers using qualitative histochemistry. In addition, the functional significance of the unimodal distribution of oxidative capacities in fast-twitch fibers was discussed in relation to the distribution of fatigue properties in fast-twitch motor units. A significant negative correlation between cross-sectional area and SDH activity in both fast- and slow-twitch fibers was also observed. The importance of this negative correlation in relationship to the diffusion of energy substrates for oxidative metabolism was discussed.

scholarly journals Comparison of M.Semitendinosus Morphometry and Structure in Gilts and Barrows at Market Age

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Ivana Božičković ◽  
Duško Vitorović ◽  
Miloš Blagojević ◽  
Ivana Nešić ◽  
Slavoljub Jović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fiber Number ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to investigate the differences in morphometric characteristics and histological structure of m. semitendinosus, between gilts and barrows of German Landrace breed at the end of the fattening period. Morphometric characteristics (weight, length, diameter and cross sectional area) of m. semitendinosus were not significantly different, while gender as a factor influenced the histological properties of this muscle. A very high statistical difference (p<0.01) in the total number of muscle fibers in m. semitendinosus was determined, with gilts having a higher total fiber number. The cross sectional area of fast twitch oxidative (FTO) fibers was significantly higher (p<0.05) in barrows. Gender did not affect the distribution of different fiber types: in both gender, the most present fiber types (48-52 %) were fast twitch glycolitic (FTG), FTO fibers represented 27-30 % of the total fiber number, while slow twitch oxidative fibers (STO) were the least represented (≈ 20 %).

Rat soleus muscle fiber responses to 14 days of spaceflight and hindlimb suspension

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. S51-S57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ohira ◽  
B. Jiang ◽  
R. R. Roy ◽  
V. Oganov ◽  
E. Ilyina-Kakueva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hindlimb Suspension ◽  
Protein Profiles ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Rat Soleus Muscle ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Fiber Atrophy ◽  
Slow Twitch Fibers ◽  
Fast Twitch

Morphological and enzymatic responses in fibers expressing fast, slow, or both types of myosin heavy chain (MHC) were studied in rats after 14 days of spaceflight (COSMOS 2044) or hindlimb suspension. Although the percentage of slow-twitch fibers was unchanged, a higher percentage of fibers that expressed both slow and fast MHC was observed in flight and suspended rats than in synchronous ground-based controls. The soleus was 25 and 34% smaller than control after 14 days of flight and suspension, with the reduction in fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) being greater in slow- than in fast-twitch fibers in both experimental groups. The activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) were not significantly affected by flight or suspension. The total SDH activity (i.e., SDH activity x CSA) decreased significantly in the slow-twitch fibers of the flight and the fast-twitch fibers of the suspended rats, in large part due to fiber atrophy. A shift in MHC expression in 14 and 9% of the fibers in flight and suspended rats occurred without a change in myosin adenosinetriphosphatase activity. The SDH and GPD activities of the fibers that expressed both slow and fast MHC were slightly higher than the slow-twitch fibers and slightly lower than the fast-twitch fibers. These data indicate that events were initiated within 14 days of spaceflight or suspension that began to reconfigure the protein profiles of 9–14% of the slow-twitch fibers from typical slow-twitch toward those of fast-twitch fibers, while all fibers were dramatically losing total protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Long-term persistence of enlarged motor units in partially denervated hindlimb muscles of cats

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1261-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Luff ◽  
K. Torkko
Keyword(s):  
Motor Units ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Motor Axons ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Motor Units ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Fast Twitch

1. It was the aim of this study to determine the effect that regenerating motor axons would have on enlarged or sprouted motor units that had been established for a relatively long time. 2. The fast-twitch flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and slow-twitch soleus were partially denervated by unilateral section of the L7 ventral root in 12-wk-old kittens. After 200+ days single motor units were isolated, and their isometric contractile properties were determined. FDL units were also tested for their resistance to fatigue and categorized as fast-twitch-fatigable (FF), fast-twitch-fatigue-resistant (FR), and slow-twitch-fatigue-resistant (S). 3. It had been established previously that regenerating motor axons via L7 returned to the experimental muscles by approximately 100 days. Therefore from 100 to 200 days it was assumed that the sprouted units would be in competition with the regenerating axons. The extent of the original denervations was variable and was estimated from the contralateral side. In soleus most denervations ranged from 83 to 99%; in FDL, from 37 to 81%. 4. In both soleus and FDL there was no evidence that the motor units had sprouted to any less extent than found previously. Within some soleus muscles the largest motor units were developing substantially more force than was expected. However, determination of mean fiber cross-sectional area from muscles frozen, sectioned, and prepared for histochemical analysis showed that this was attributable to increased mean cross-sectional area of the type I fibers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Comparison of different skeletal muscles from growing domestic pigs and wild boars

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 766-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lösel ◽  
A. Franke ◽  
C. Kalbe
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Psoas Major ◽  
Fast Twitch

Abstract. The domestication process of pigs was associated with substantial morphological and physiological changes. The aim of this study was to comparatively investigate muscle microstructure and biochemical properties of four different skeletal muscles (M. longissimus, M. semitendinosus, M. psoas major, M. rhomboideus) in growing domestic pigs (n=5) and wild boars (n=4). The superiority of domestic pigs in body and muscle growth at three months of age was reflected by a 4-fold body weight and higher absolute weights of heart, liver and muscles. Relative muscle weights of M. psoas major and M. rhomboideus were reduced, whereas a 1.6-fold heavier M. semitendinosus was observed in domestic pigs compared with wild boars. In addition, the muscle cross-sectional area was greater in all muscles of domestic pigs resulting from about 3-fold fibre cross-sectional area, whereas total fibre number remained unchanged. As a consequence of intensified fibre hypertrophy, the fibre area per capillary is higher in all muscles of domestic pigs. Thus, the impaired supply with oxygen and nutrients may be one reason for the shift to the glycolytic muscle metabolism as indicated by a greater proportion of fast-twitch glycolytic fibres at the expense of fast-twitch oxidative fibres. This is also reflected by a higher ratio of lactate dehydrogenase to isocitrate dehydrogenase activity. Our data suggest that the intensified muscle growth was realized by myofibre hypertrophy at unchanged myofibre number in growing domestic pigs. It seems that domestication-induced changes were most pronounced in M. semitendinosus as the exterior ham muscle which may be related to muscle specific selection for lean growth.

Influence of electrical stimulation on a fast-twitch muscle in aging rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1921-1928 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Walters ◽  
H. L. Sweeney ◽  
R. P. Farrar
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Longus Muscle ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
Fast Twitch

Recently we observed that the flexor digitorum longus muscle of the Fischer 344 rat, which is comprised primarily of type IIb muscle, does not change in size, fiber type, or physiological characteristics during senescence [Am. J. Physiol. 258 (Cell Physiol. 27): C1031-C1035, 1990]. This muscle was utilized to determine whether a predominantly fast-twitch glycolytic muscle would respond to tonic electrical stimulation (ES) with the same degree of fiber-type transformation in aging and young rats. The extent of transformation was quantified by measuring the contractile and metabolic properties, as well as the fiber-type composition, of the flexor digitorum longus muscle after ES (10 Hz, 8 h/day) imposed on the tibial nerve for periods of 0–90 days in young adult (YG; 6–8 mo), middle-aged (MA; 16–18 mo), and senescent (SN; 26–28 mo) male Fischer 344 rats. Although ES induced a IIb-to-IIa fiber-type shift in all groups, in the SN rats the shift was significantly less pronounced at the intermediate time points and remained incomplete after 90 days, compared with YG and MA rats. ES resulted in a reduction in tetanic tension (Po), which in the YG and MA rats was due to a reduction in muscle cross-sectional area. In the SN rats the reduced Po was due to a combined loss of cross-sectional area and specific tension (Po, N/cm2). Contraction and half-relaxation times were largely unaffected by ES, and maximal velocity of unloaded shortening declined throughout ES in all groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Free autografting of entire limb muscles in the cat: histochemistry and biochemistry

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Maxwell ◽  
J. A. Faulkner ◽  
S. A. Mufti ◽  
A. M. Turowski
Keyword(s):  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fast Twitch

Fifty extensor digitorium longus muscles of 25 cats were autografted, 33 with and 17 without prior denervation. After 50 days, no significant differences were observed between predenervated and nonpredenervated autografts. Autografted muscles weighed 48% of the weight of control muscles. Few original muscle fibers survived and within 2 wk autografts contained regenerating muscle fibers. The mean cross-sectional area of muscle fibers in the autografts reached 125% of the value for control nontransplanted muscles. The mean percentage of fibers classified high oxidative in autografted muscles was 67% of values for control muscles. SDH activity of autografted muscle homogenates reached 55% of control values. Up to 60 days after surgery autografts had only fast-twitch fibers. At 170 days autografts remained 95% fast twitch in composition. Revascularization began within 4 days, but the capillary to fiber ratio of long term autografts reached only 60% of control values. Although fiber hypertrophy suggests that cats use autografted muscles, lower than control succinate dehydrogenase activity may result from altered recruitment.

Relationship between muscle force and muscle area showing glycogen loss during locomotion

1982 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-420
Author(s):  
R. B. Armstrong ◽  
C. R. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Stride Frequency ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Triceps Brachii Muscle ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Fast Twitch

This experiment was designed to study the relationship between the cross-sectional area of rat skeletal muscle showing glycogen loss and the muscle forces exerted during exercise. Muscular force exerted by the extensors of the elbows and ankle was increased by 24% by loading rats with 24% of their body mass while running them on a treadmill at 30 m.min-1. VO2 increased by 24% and stride frequency was unchanged when the rats ran with loads. Cross-sectional areas of the elbow and ankle extensor muscles showing glycogen loss were compared from rats running with and without the load. We found a nearly direct proportionality between the changes in force and the changes in muscle area showing glycogen loss, i.e. when the force of the extensors was increased by 24%, the cross-sectional area of the elbow extensors showing glycogen loss increased by 28%, and that of the ankle extensor group increased by 24%. The more peripheral muscles in each group accounted for a greater proportion of the increase in cross-sectional area of the group showing glycogen loss (i.e. lateral and long heads of triceps brachii muscle accounted for 91% of the increase in the elbow extensor group, and gastrocnemius muscle accounted for 84% of the increase in the ankle extensor group). Most of the increases in muscle area showing glycogen loss occurred in fast-twitch-glycolytic fibres (84% in the elbow and 88% in the ankle). The data suggest that increasing muscle force requirements by 24% by loading resulted in proportional increases in cross-sectional area of muscles recruited to produce the force, i.e. that spatial recruitment primarily accounted for the elevation in force. The relatively greater increases in cross-sectional area showing glycogen loss of peripheral muscles within a group indicate the importance of studying whole groups of muscles when considering muscular recruitment patterns during exercise.

Absence of regional differences in the size and oxidative capacity of diaphragm muscle fibers

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1076-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Sieck ◽  
R. D. Sacks ◽  
C. E. Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fast Twitch

The oxidative capacity and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers were compared between the costal and crural regions of the cat diaphragm and across the abdominal-thoracic extent of the muscle. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity of individual fibers was quantified using a microphotometric procedure implemented on an image-processing system. In both costal and crural regions, population distributions of SDH activities were unimodal for both type I and II fibers. The continuous distribution of SDH activities for type II fibers indicated that no clear threshold exists for the subclassification of fibers based on differences in oxidative capacity (e.g., the classification of fast-twitch glycolytic and fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic fiber types). No differences in either SDH activity or cross-sectional area were noted between fiber populations of the costal and crural regions. Differences in SDH activity and cross-sectional area were noted, however, between fiber populations located on the abdominal and thoracic sides of the costal region. Both type I and II fibers on the abdominal side of the costal diaphragm were larger and more oxidative than comparable fibers on the thoracic side.

The effects of age at slaughter, genotype and finishing system on the biochemical properties, muscle fibre type characteristics and eating quality of bull beef from suckled calves

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Maltin ◽  
K. D. Sinclair ◽  
P. D. Warriss ◽  
C. M. Grant ◽  
A. D. Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentage Area ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Intramuscular Fat Content

AbstractMuscle fibre characteristics and biochemical properties of muscle recovered from young bulls of two genotypes (Aberdeen Angus × and Charolais ×), reared on two different diets (silage-based and barley-based) and slaughtered at varying ages between 10 and 19 months of age were established. These analyses were restricted to samples ofm. longissimus lumborum (LI) recovered at 48 h post mortem, vacuum packed and stored at 2°C for 14 days. Biochemical measurements included intramuscular fat content, intramuscular collagen content and its solubility, haem pigment concentration, sarcomere length and myofibril fragmentation. Muscle fibre type was classified according to the contractile nature of thefibres and their metabolic properties.Intramuscular fat content increased (P < 0·01) with age at slaughter and at a fixed age was greater for Angus × than Charolais × bulls (211·5 v. 295·8 mg/g dry matter, P < 0·01). Total intramuscular collagen and its solubility tended to decrease with age (P < 0·01). Differences in haem pigment concentration in samples of LI were detected between genotype (3·99 v. 3·59 mg/g for Angus × and Charolais × bulls; P × 0·01) and diet (3·97 v. 3·62 mg/g for bulls given barley and silage; P < 0·01), and increased with age at slaughter (P < 0·01). There was a significant increase in eye muscle cross-sectional area with increasing slaughter date (P < 0·01) and this was paralleled by an increase in cross-sectional area of individual muscle fibres (P < 0·001). Differences in cross-sectional area of individual muscle fibres between genotype and diet were small and inconsistent. Charolais × bulls had a greater percentage area of fast twitch glycolytic fibres than Angus × bulls (54·3 v. 49·3%; P < 0·01) and a smaller percentage area of slow twitch oxidative fibres (15·8 v. 18·9%; P < 0·05). Beef tenderness was positively correlated (r = 0·48; P < 0·01) with the frequency of slow twitch oxidative fibres and negatively correlated (r = -0·38; P < 0·05) with the frequency offast twitch glycolytic fibres.

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