Asymmetric reflex responses of the nasal and tracheal vasculatures of the dog

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 2157-2161 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Dylewska ◽  
G. Sahin ◽  
J. G. Widdicombe
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cervical Trachea ◽  
Stimulation Of

Both sides of the nasal vasculature of the dog in vivo were perfused separately, with measurement of vascular resistance responses to stimulation of various nerves. Stimulation of the central end of a cut superior laryngeal nerve caused an ipsilateral vasodilation (-4.98%) and a contralateral vasoconstriction (+3.96%), the difference being statistically significant (P < 0.01). Stimulation of a glossopharyngeal nerve caused vasodilation on both sides, the ipsilateral (-17.52%) being greater than the contralateral (-6.33%) response (P < 0.05). Mechanical stimulation of the nasal mucosa caused little ipsilateral change (+0.47%) and a weak contralateral vasoconstriction (+3.78%; P < 0.01). Stimulation of the central end of a cervical vagus nerve caused vasodilations on both sides, the ipsilateral (-9.75%) being greater than the contralateral (-5.73%) change (P < 0.05). With bilateral perfusions of the cervical tracheal arteries, stimulation of a superior laryngeal nerve caused vasodilation on both sides, the ipsilateral (-10.1%) being greater than the contralateral (-7.4%) response (P < 0.05). Stimulation of the central end of a vagus nerve caused vasoconstrictions on both the sides, the ipsilateral (+37.4%) being greater than the contralateral (+10.8%) change (P < 0.05). Thus various nervous inputs from the nose, pharynx, larynx, and vagal distribution cause asymmetric vascular responses both in the nose and in the cervical trachea.

Fictive cough in the cat

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2325-2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Bolser
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Large Amplitude ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Afferent Feedback ◽  
Respiratory Cycle ◽  
Decerebrate Cats ◽  
Stimulation Of

Experiments were performed to determine whether cough could be elicited in paralyzed cats ventilated on a respiratory cycle-triggered pump. Midcollicular decerebrate cats were paralyzed and artificially ventilated on a phrenic-triggered pump. Phrenic and cranial iliohypogastric nerve efferent activities were recorded. Cough was elicited by electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) or probing the intrathoracic trachea. Fictive coughs induced by electrical stimulation of the SLN or mechanical stimulation of the intrathoracic trachea consisted of large-amplitude bursts in phrenic discharge immediately followed by large bursts in cranial iliohypogastric discharge. During fictive cough, phrenic postinspiratory discharge was reduced relative to control cycles. Codeine (0.03–1 mg/kg iv) decreased both SLN- and probe-induced fictive cough. I conclude that fictive cough can be produced in paralyzed cats ventilated on a phrenic-triggered pump. Furthermore, fictive cough can be produced in the absence of afferent feedback associated with active expiration.

Time-dependent responses of expiration reflex in cats

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nishino ◽  
Y. Honda
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Respiratory Cycle ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Spontaneously Breathing ◽  
Stimulation Of

We investigated the effectiveness of the “expiration reflex” in 10 anesthetized spontaneously breathing cats. The expiration reflex was produced by mechanical stimulation of the vocal folds and electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve at different moments in the respiratory cycle and at various levels of respiratory chemical drive. The effectiveness of the expiration reflex was evaluated from sudden changes in expiratory flow immediately following the stimulation. Both mechanical and electrical stimulations given during early inspiration caused little or no expiratory efforts, whereas stimulations given during early expiration or hypocapnic apnea produced a typical expiration reflex. Changes in arterial CO2 and O2 partial pressures influenced neither the relationships between the stimulation and its effect on the expiration reflex nor the strength of the expiration reflex. These results indicate that the timing of stimulation with relation to the phase of the respiratory cycle is critical to its effect on the expiration reflex and that changes in respiratory chemical drive do not modify the expiration reflex characteristics.

Inputs from upper airway affect firing of respiratory-associated midbrain neurons

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zibin Chen ◽  
Frederic L. Eldridge
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Respiratory Drive ◽  
Midbrain Neurons ◽  
Rhythmic Firing ◽  
Stimulation Of

Chen, Zibin, and Frederic L. Eldridge. Inputs from upper airway affect firing of respiratory-associated midbrain neurons. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(1): 196–203, 1997.—In 16 decerebrated unanesthetized cats, we studied effects of neural inputs from upper airway on firing of 62 mesencephalic neurons that also developed respiratory-associated (RA) rhythmic firing when respiratory drive was high [Z. Chen, F. L. Eldridge, and P.G. Wagner. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 437: 305–325, 1991] and on firing of 16 neurons that did not develop the rhythmic firing (non-RA neurons). Activity in RA neurons increased after mechanical expansion of pharynx (45% of those tested) or larynx (68%) and after stimulation of glossopharyngeal (50%) or superior laryngeal nerves (77%). The increased neuronal firing occurred despite decreases or abolition of respiratory activity (expressed in phrenic nerve). Neuronal firing also increased after mechanical stimulation of nasal mucosa (66%) or by jets of air directed into the nares (48%) and after light brushing of nasal skin (∼40%). Most stimuli led to decreased firing in a smaller number of neurons, and some neurons showed no response. None of the non-RA neurons developed an increase of firing after any of the stimuli, although one had decreased firing after stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve. We conclude that inputs from the upper airway and nasal skin have independent modulatory effects on the same mesencephalic neurons that are stimulated by ascending rhythmic RA input from the medulla. These findings may have relevance to generation of the sensation of dyspnea.

Cross-Innervation of the Thyroarytenoid Muscle by a Branch from the External Division of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Nasri ◽  
Joel A. Sercarz ◽  
Pouneh Beizai ◽  
Young-Mo Kim ◽  
Ming Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Spasmodic Dysphonia ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Motor Innervation ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration ◽  
Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia ◽  
Thyroarytenoid Muscle ◽  
Stimulation Of

The neuroanatomy of the larynx was explored in seven dogs to assess whether there is motor innervation to the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle from the external division of the superior laryngeal nerve (ExSLN). In 3 animals, such innervation was identified. Electrical stimulation of microelectrodes applied to the ExSLN resulted in contraction of the TA muscle, indicating that this nerve is motor in function. This was confirmed by electromyographic recordings from the TA muscle. Videolaryngostroboscopy revealed improvement in vocal fold vibration following stimulation of the ExSLN compared to without it. Previously, the TA muscle was thought to be innervated solely by the recurrent laryngeal nerve. This additional pathway from the ExSLN to the TA muscle may have important clinical implications in the treatment of neurologic laryngeal disorders such as adductor spasmodic dysphonia.

scholarly journals STUDIES WITH THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH ON THE ACTION OF THE VAGUS NERVE ON THE HUMAN HEART

1911 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Canby Robinson ◽  
George Draper
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Vagus Stimulation ◽  
Ventricular Systole ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stimulation Of

In hearts showing auricular fibrillation mechanical stimulation of the right vagus nerve causes, as a rule, marked slowing or stoppage of ventricular rhythm, without producing any appreciable effect in the electrocardiographic record of the auricular fibrillation. The ventricular pauses are apparently due to the blocking of stimuli from the auricles. The force of ventricular systole is distinctly weakened for several beats after vagus stimulation, and ectopic ventricular systoles have been seen in several instances, apparently the result of the vagus action. There may, in some cases, be lowered excitability of the ventricles, while no constant change is seen in the size of the electrical complexes representing ventricular systole.

Functional anatomy of the vagal innervation of the cervical trachea of the dog

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Coon ◽  
Patrick J. Mueller ◽  
Philip S. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Cuff Pressure ◽  
Vagal Innervation ◽  
Cervical Trachea ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Vagus ◽  
Stimulation Of

The canine cervical trachea has been used for numerous studies regarding the neural control of tracheal smooth muscle. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether there is lateral dominance by either the left or right vagal innervation of the canine cervical trachea. In anesthetized dogs, pressure in the cuff of the endotracheal tube was used as an index of smooth muscle tone in the trachea. After establishment of tracheal tone, as indicated by increased cuff pressure, either the right or left vagus nerve was sectioned followed by section of the contralateral vagus. Sectioning the right vagus first resulted in total loss of tone in the cervical trachea, whereas sectioning the left vagus first produced either a partial or no decrease in tracheal tone. After bilateral section of the vagi, cuff pressure was recorded during electrical stimulation of the rostral end of the right or left vagus. At the maximum current strength used, stimulation of the left vagus produced tracheal constriction that averaged 28.5% of the response to stimulation of the right vagus (9.0 ± 1.8 and 31.6 ± 2.5 mmHg, respectively). In conclusion, the musculature of cervical trachea in the dog appears to be predominantly controlled by vagal efferents in the right vagus nerve.

Hyperinsulinemia of preobese and obese fa/fa rats is partly vagus nerve mediated

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (4) ◽  
pp. E317-E322 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rohner-Jeanrenaud ◽  
A. C. Hochstrasser ◽  
B. Jeanrenaud
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Parasympathetic System ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Stimulation Of

In vivo glucose-induced insulin secretion was greater in preweaned preobese 17-day-old Zucker rats than in the corresponding controls. This hypersecretion of insulin was reversed to normal by acute pretreatment with atropine. A short-lived (30 s) electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve preceding a glucose load potentiated the in vivo glucose-induced insulin release in adult animals (6-9 wk) and more so in obese Zucker (fa/fa) than in lean rats. This suggested the existence of enhanced sensitivity and/or responsiveness of the B cells of obese animals to the parasympathetic system. That the parasympathetic tone was increased in adult obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats was corroborated by the observation that acute vagotomy of these animals resulted in a significant decrease in glucose-induced insulin secretion, whereas no such effect was seen in lean rats. Also, perfused pancreases from adult obese (fa/fa) rats oversecreted insulin during a stimulation by arginine when compared with controls, an oversecretion that was restored toward normal by superimposed infusion of atropine. It is concluded that a) the increased insulin secretion of preobese Zucker fa/fa rats is an early abnormality that is mediated by the vagus nerve, and b) increased secretion of insulin in adult obese fa/fa rats continues to be partly vagus-nerve mediated, although a decreased sympathetic tone and other unknown defects could conceivably play a role as well.

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