scholarly journals SRF protein is upregulated during stretch-induced hypertrophy of rooster ALD muscle

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1793-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Flück ◽  
James A. Carson ◽  
Robert J. Schwartz ◽  
Frank W. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Serum Response Factor ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Serum Response Element ◽  
Response Element ◽  
Actin Promoter ◽  
Serum Response

Serum response element 1 has previously been reported to be necessary and sufficient for activation of the skeletal α-actin promoter during hypertrophy of the anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscle of roosters [J. A. Carson, R. J. Schwartz, and F. W. Booth. Am. J. Physiol. 270 ( Cell Physiol. 39): C1624–C1633, 1996]. Serum response factor (SRF) protein is the transcription factor that binds as a homodimer to serum response element 1 and activates the skeletal α-actin promoter. An increased expression of exogenous SRF protein in replicating C2C12myoblasts induced a three- to fourfold activation of the skeletal α-actin promoter (L. Wei, W. Zhou, J. D. Croissant, F.-E. Johansen, R. Prywes, A. Balasubramamyan, and R. J. Schwartz. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 30287–30294, 1998). Thus we hypothesized that SRF protein concentration would be increased during hypertrophy of skeletal muscle. In the present study, 10% of the rooster’s body weight was attached to the left wing to induce enlargement of the ALD muscle compared with the contralateral muscle. With Western analysis, a significant increase in SRF protein per gram of wet weight of the ALD muscle was noted at 7 and 13 days of hypertrophy. Furthermore, the increase in SRF protein occurred in both crude nuclear protein and cytoplasmic fractions in 7-day stretched ALD muscles. This is the first report showing increased protein concentration for a transcription factor whose regulatory element in the skeletal α-actin promoter has previously been shown to be required for the transduction of a hypertrophy signal in overloaded skeletal muscle of an animal.

Functional antagonism between YY1 and the serum response factor

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 4209-4214
Author(s):  
A Gualberto ◽  
D LePage ◽  
G Pons ◽  
S L Mader ◽  
K Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Response Factor ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Response Factor ◽  
Basal Expression ◽  
Actin Promoter ◽  
Alpha Actin ◽  
Serum Response

The rapid, transient induction of the c-fos proto-oncogene by serum growth factors is mediated by the serum response element (SRE). The SRE shares homology with the muscle regulatory element (MRE) of the skeletal alpha-actin promoter. It is not known how these elements respond to proliferative and cell-type-specific signals, but the response appears to involve the binding of the serum response factor (SRF) and other proteins. Here, we report that YY1, a multifunctional transcription factor, binds to SRE and MRE sequences in vitro. The methylation interference footprint of YY1 overlaps with that of the SRF, and YY1 competes with the SRF for binding to these DNA elements. Overexpression of YY1 repressed serum-inducible and basal expression from the c-fos promoter and repressed basal expression from the skeletal alpha-actin promoter. YY1 also repressed expression from the individual SRE and MRE sequences upstream from a TATA element. Unlike that of YY1, SRF overexpression alone did not influence the transcriptional activity of the target sequence, but SRF overexpression could reverse YY1-mediated trans repression. These data suggest that YY1 and the SRF have antagonistic functions in vivo.

scholarly journals The serum response factor is extensively modified by phosphorylation following its synthesis in serum-stimulated fibroblasts.

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4545-4554 ◽  
Author(s):  
R P Misra ◽  
V M Rivera ◽  
J M Wang ◽  
P D Fan ◽  
M E Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Inner Core ◽  
Serum Response Factor ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Response Factor ◽  
Serum Response Element ◽  
Response Element ◽  
Serum Stimulation ◽  
Serum Response

Growth factor regulation of c-fos proto-oncogene transcription is mediated by a 20-bp region of dyad symmetry, termed the serum response element. The inner core of this element binds a 67-kDa phosphoprotein, the serum response factor (SRF), that is thought to play a pivotal role in the c-fos transcriptional response. To investigate the mechanism by which SRF regulates c-fos expression, we generated polyclonal anti-SRF antibodies and used these antibodies to analyze the biochemical properties of SRF. These studies indicate that the synthesis of SRF is transient, occurring within 30 min to 4 h after serum stimulation of quiescent fibroblasts. Newly synthesized SRF is transported to the nucleus, where it is increasingly modified by phosphorylation during progression through the cell cycle. Within 2 h of serum stimulation, differentially modified forms of SRF can be distinguished on the basis of the ability to bind a synthetic serum response element. SRF protein exhibits a half-life of greater than 12 h and is predominantly nuclear, with no change occurring in its localization upon serum stimulation. We find that the induction of SRF synthesis is regulated at the transcriptional level and that cytoplasmic SRF mRNA is transiently expressed with somewhat delayed kinetics compared with c-fos mRNA expression. These features of SRF expression suggest a model whereby newly synthesized SRF functions in the shutoff of c-fos transcription.

Structural and dynamic changes of the serum response element and the core domain of serum response factor induced by their association

2010 ◽  
Vol 391 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Štěpánek ◽  
Vladimír Kopecký ◽  
Alberto Mezzetti ◽  
Pierre-Yves Turpin ◽  
Denise Paulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Response Factor ◽  
Response Factor ◽  
Serum Response Element ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Response Element ◽  
Core Domain ◽  
The Core ◽  
Serum Response

Isolation and properties of cDNA clones encoding SRF, a transcription factor that binds to the c-fos serum response element

Cell ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 989-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Norman ◽  
Mike Runswick ◽  
Roy Pollock ◽  
Richard Treisman
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Serum Response Element ◽  
Response Element ◽  
Serum Response

scholarly journals YY1 facilitates the association of serum response factor with the c-fos serum response element.

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 5975-5982 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Natesan ◽  
M Gilman
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Serum Response Factor ◽  
Response Factor ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Serum Response Element ◽  
Response Element ◽  
General Role ◽  
A Site ◽  
Serum Response

YY1 is a multifunctional transcription factor that acts as an activator or repressor in different contexts. YY1 binds to multiple sites in the mouse c-fos promoter, inducing at each site a sharp DNA bend. Binding of YY1 to a site situated between the cyclic AMP response element (CRE) and the TATA box bends the DNA in a way that interferes with the interaction of proteins bound at the CRE and TATA elements, resulting in repression of transcription. Here, we show that binding of YY1 to a different site in the c-fos promoter has a different result. Binding of YY1 to the c-fos serum response element (SRE) enhances the binding of serum response factor (SRF). This enhancement requires the binding of YY1 to SRE DNA. YY1 and SRF can cooccupy the SRE at least transiently. In the region of overlapping contact, YY1 contacts DNA in the major groove, while SRF contacts DNA in the minor groove. YY1 also enhances the association of SRF with the SRE in transfected insect cells. Thus, although YY1 induces similar structural changes in DNA at different binding sites, it can have distinct local effects on protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. These data support a general role for YY1 in the building of highly organized promoter complexes.

scholarly journals Functional antagonism between YY1 and the serum response factor.

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 4209-4214 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Gualberto ◽  
D LePage ◽  
G Pons ◽  
S L Mader ◽  
K Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Response Factor ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Response Factor ◽  
Basal Expression ◽  
Actin Promoter ◽  
Alpha Actin ◽  
Serum Response

The rapid, transient induction of the c-fos proto-oncogene by serum growth factors is mediated by the serum response element (SRE). The SRE shares homology with the muscle regulatory element (MRE) of the skeletal alpha-actin promoter. It is not known how these elements respond to proliferative and cell-type-specific signals, but the response appears to involve the binding of the serum response factor (SRF) and other proteins. Here, we report that YY1, a multifunctional transcription factor, binds to SRE and MRE sequences in vitro. The methylation interference footprint of YY1 overlaps with that of the SRF, and YY1 competes with the SRF for binding to these DNA elements. Overexpression of YY1 repressed serum-inducible and basal expression from the c-fos promoter and repressed basal expression from the skeletal alpha-actin promoter. YY1 also repressed expression from the individual SRE and MRE sequences upstream from a TATA element. Unlike that of YY1, SRF overexpression alone did not influence the transcriptional activity of the target sequence, but SRF overexpression could reverse YY1-mediated trans repression. These data suggest that YY1 and the SRF have antagonistic functions in vivo.

scholarly journals Mechanism of binding of serum response factor to serum response element

FEBS Journal ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 272 (12) ◽  
pp. 3105-3119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Huet ◽  
Ara Parlakian ◽  
Marie-Claire Arnaud ◽  
Jean-Marie Glandières ◽  
Pierre Valat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Response Factor ◽  
Response Factor ◽  
Serum Response Element ◽  
Response Element ◽  
Serum Response
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