scholarly journals The influence of sex and maturation on carotid and vertebral artery hemodynamics and associations with free-living (in)activity in 6-17 year-olds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Tallon ◽  
Kurt Jason Smith ◽  
Daniela Nowak-Flück ◽  
Alyssa V. Koziol ◽  
Mathew G. Rieger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cervical Artery

We explored the influence of sex and maturation on resting cervical artery hemodynamics (common carotid artery, CCA; internal carotid artery, ICA; and vertebral artery, VA) and free-living physical activity and sedentary behavior in children 6-17 years of age. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between physical activity and sedentary behavior and cervical artery hemodynamics. Seventy-eight children and adolescents, girls (n=42; mean age 11.4 ± 2.5 years) and boys (n=36; mean age 11.0 ± 2.6 years), completed anthropometric measures, duplex ultrasound assessment of the cervical arteries, and wore an activPAL accelerometer to assess physical activity (indexed by steps/day) and sedentary behavior for seven days. The ICA and VA diameter was similar between pre-pubertal and pubertal groups, as was volumetric blood flow (Q), however, the CCA diameter was significantly larger in the pubertal group (P < .05). Boys were found to have larger diameters in all cervical arteries than girls, as well as higher QCCA, QICA and global cerebral blood flow (P < .05). The pubertal group was more sedentary (100 min/day more; P < .05) and took 3500 fewer steps/day than the pre-pubertal group (P < .05). Shear rate (SR) and Q of the cervical arteries showed no relationship to physical activity or prolonged bouts of sedentary behavior; however, a significant negative relationship was apparent between total sedentary time and ICASR after covarying for steps/day and maturation (P < .05). These findings provide novel insight into the potential influence sedentary behavior may have on cerebrovascular blood flow in healthy girls and boys.

Impact of transient hypotension on regional cerebral blood flow in humans

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nia C.S. Lewis ◽  
Kurt J. Smith ◽  
Anthony R. Bain ◽  
Kevin W. Wildfong ◽  
Tianne Numan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood

Diameter reductions in the internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) contribute to the decline in brain blood with hypotension. The decline in vertebral blood flow with hypotension was greater when carbon dioxide was low; this was not apparent in the ICA.

Subclavian steal syndrome

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Bohmfalk ◽  
Jim L. Story ◽  
Willis E. Brown ◽  
Arthur E. Marlin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Subclavian Steal Syndrome ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Subclavian Steal ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Steal Syndrome

✓ Three patients with central nervous system symptoms due to subclavian steal syndrome were treated with proximal vertebral to common carotid artery transposition. Neurological symptoms were relieved or improved in all three, with no decrease in blood pressure or pulse in the ipsilateral upper extremity. The colorful history of this syndrome is reviewed, and the various surgical approaches to its treatment are discussed. Although the literature suggests that the commonly used carotid to subclavian artery bypass graft and other similar extrathoracic procedures are generally safe and effective for relief of symptoms of the steal, there is also evidence that these bypasses may fail to restore antegrade flow in the vertebral artery, and, in fact, may steal from the carotid artery. Thus, the blood flow provided to the brain by these procedures may be hardly more than that provided by vertebral artery ligation, whereas the principal effect is to restore blood flow into the upper extremity. Vertebral artery ligation alone has been used in 20 patients, with neurological improvement in all cases and production of persistent intermittent brachial claudication in only one. These considerations and our patient experience suggest that a relatively simple operation, proximal vertebral to common carotid artery transposition, which emphasizes restoration of flow to the brain rather than to the upper extremity, may be preferable for most patients with neurological symptoms of subclavian steal syndrome.

Persistent Cervical Intersegmental Artery as a Cause of Recurrence of a Traumatic Carotid-Cavernous Fistula

Neurosurgery ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert M. Keller ◽  
Hans-Georg Imhof ◽  
Anton Valavanis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Cavernous Sinus ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Carotid Cavernous Sinus Fistula ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

Abstract In a 16-year-old boy, minor symptoms of an arteriovenous shunt into the cavernous sinus recurred 3 months after the performance of a trapping operation of the internal carotid artery on the side of a traumatic carotid-cavernous sinus fistula. An arterial and venous cerebrovascular Doppler examination demonstrated increased blood flow in the periorbital veins of both sides, with a pathological flow direction, i.e., from intra- to extracranial. Furthermore, an internal-like artery was found at the level of the carotid bifurcation on the side of the trapped internal carotid artery, and increased blood flow was registered in the homolateral vertebral artery. Angiography confirmed occlusion of the internal carotid artery 0.5 cm distal to the carotid bifurcation, but showed blood flow from the homolateral vertebral artery through a persistent 3rd cervical intersegmental artery into the trapped portion of the internal carotid artery. The latter fed blood into the cavernous sinus through the still-existing arteriovenous fistula. Insufficient involution of the 3rd cervical intersegmental artery was assumed. Obviously, this collateral artery dilated in the presence of a major blood pressure gradient between the vertebral artery and the trapped segment of the internal carotid artery. Thus, a persistent cervical intersegmental artery can be a cause for a recurrent carotid-cavernous sinus fistula.

Axilloaxillary Bypass for the Treatment of Subclavian Artery Stenosis Complicated by Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion: Technical Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Ogino ◽  
Masashi Nagumo ◽  
Toru Nakagawa ◽  
Masashi Nakatsukasa ◽  
Ikuro Murase
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Subclavian Artery ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Left Subclavian Artery ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽  
Bilateral Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery Occlusion

Abstract OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE We successfully treated a patient with stenosis of the left subclavian artery, complicated by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion, via axilloaxillary bypass surgery. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 67-year-old patient with a history of hypertension and cerebral infarction underwent neck irradiation for treatment of a vocal cord tumor. Three months later, he began to experience transient tetraparesis several times per day. The blood pressure measurements for his right and left arms were different. Supratentorial blood flow was markedly low. The common carotid arteries were bilaterally occluded, and the right vertebral artery was hypoplastic. Therefore, only the left vertebral artery contributed to the patient's cerebral circulation; his left subclavian artery was severely stenotic. INTERVENTION The patient underwent axilloaxillary bypass surgery because the procedure avoids thoracotomy or sternotomy, manipulation of the carotid artery, and interruption of the vertebral artery blood flow. The patient has been free of symptoms for more than 5 years. CONCLUSION Neurosurgeons should be aware that extra-anatomic bypass surgery is an effective treatment option for selected patients with cerebral ischemia.

scholarly journals Four collateral circulation pathways were observed after common carotid artery occlusion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianan Wang ◽  
Chengrong Zheng ◽  
Bei Hou ◽  
Aihua Huang ◽  
Xiongwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Collateral Circulation ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Superior Thyroid Artery ◽  
Occipital Artery ◽  
Thyrocervical Trunk ◽  
Cervical Artery

Abstract Background: Common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion (CCAO) is a rare condition. Owing to collateral circulation, ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) and external carotid artery (ECA) are often patent. Methods: This study included 16 patients with unilateral CCAO and patent ipsilateral ICA and ECA. The pathways which supplied ICA were investigated by digital subtraction angiography (DSA), transcranial Doppler (TCD), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and computed tomography angiography (CTA). Results: In all 16 patients, TCD found antegrade blood flow in ipsilateral ICA in all 16 patients, which was supplied by retrograde blood flow in ipsilateral ECA through carotid bifurcation. We call this phenomenon “ICA steal”. DSA and CTA discovered four pathways of ICA steal, including 1) ipsilateral vertebral artery – occipital artery – ECA – ICA, 2) ipsilateral thyrocervical trunk or costocervical trunk – ascending cervical artery or deep cervical artery – occipital artery – ECA – ICA, 3) contralateral ECA – contralateral superior thyroid artery – ipsilateral superior thyroid artery – ipsilateral ECA – ICA, and 4) ipsilateral thyrocervical trunk – inferior thyroid artery – superior thyroid artery – ECA – ICA. Conclusions: ICA is possible to be patent and supplied by several collateral circulation pathways after CCAO.

scholarly journals Four collateral circulation pathways were observed after common carotid artery occlusion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianan Wang ◽  
Chengrong Zheng ◽  
Bei Hou ◽  
Aihua Huang ◽  
Xiongwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Collateral Circulation ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Superior Thyroid Artery ◽  
Occipital Artery ◽  
Thyrocervical Trunk ◽  
Cervical Artery

Abstract Background: Common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion (CCAO) is a rare condition. Owing to collateral circulation, ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) and external carotid artery (ECA) are often patent. Methods: This study included 16 patients with unilateral CCAO and patent ipsilateral ICA and ECA. The pathways which supplied ICA were investigated by digital subtraction angiography (DSA), transcranial Doppler (TCD), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and computed tomography angiography (CTA). Results: TCD found antegrade blood flow in ipsilateral ICA in all 16 patients, which was supplied by retrograde blood flow in ipsilateral ECA through carotid bifurcation. We call this phenomenon “ICA steal”. DSA and CTA discovered four pathways of ICA steal, including 1) ipsilateral vertebral artery – occipital artery – ECA – ICA, 2) ipsilateral thyrocervical trunk or costocervical trunk – ascending cervical artery or deep cervical artery – occipital artery – ECA – ICA, 3) contralateral ECA – contralateral superior thyroid artery – ipsilateral superior thyroid artery – ipsilateral ECA – ICA, and 4) ipsilateral thyrocervical trunk – inferior thyroid artery – superior thyroid artery – ECA – ICA. Conclusions: ICA is possible to be patent and supplied by several collateral circulation pathways after CCAO.

scholarly journals Comparison of Older and Newer Generation Active Style Pro Accelerometers in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Surveillance under a Free-Living Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Yano ◽  
Mohammad Javad Koohsari ◽  
Ai Shibata ◽  
Kaori Ishii ◽  
Levi Frehlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Japanese Workers ◽  
The Difference

Background. Comparability of accelerometers in epidemiological studies is important for public health researchers. This study aimed to compare physical activity (light, LPA; moderate, MPA; and moderate-to-vigorous, MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) data collected using two Omron triaxial accelerometer generations (Active style Pro, ASP) among a sample of Japanese workers in a free-living environment. Methods. Thirty active and sedentary workers (24–62 years) wore two types of ASP accelerometers, the HJA-350IT (350IT) and the HJA-750C (750C), simultaneously for seven consecutive days to represent a typical week. The accelerometers estimated daily average step counts and time spent per day in LPA, MPA, and MVPA. If a participant had data for ≥4 days (>10 h/day) it was considered valid. The difference and agreement between the two ASPs were analyzed using a paired t-test, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), and a Bland–Altman analysis in total and for each type of worker. Results. Among all workers, the 750C measured significantly (p < 0.05) less SB, MPA, MVPA, and more LPA compared with the 350IT. The agreements in ICC were high (ICC ≥ 0.94). Conclusions. Compared with the 350IT, the newer generation 750C ASP accelerometer may not provide equivalent estimates of activity time, regardless of the type of physical activity.

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