Effects of a long-term spaceflight on immunoglobulin heavy chains of the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltl

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Boxio ◽  
Christian Dournon ◽  
Jean-Pol Frippiat

A variety of immune parameters are modified during and after a spaceflight. The effects of spaceflights on cellular immunity are well documented; however, little is known about the effects of these flights on humoral immunity. During the Genesis space experiment, two adult Pleurodeles waltl (urodele amphibian) stayed 5 mo onboard Mir and were subjected to oral immunization. Animals were killed 10 days after their return to earth. IgM and IgY heavy-chain transcripts in their spleens were quantified by Northern blotting. The use of the different VH families (coding for antibody heavy-chain variable domains) in IgM heavy chain transcripts was also analyzed. Results were compared with those obtained with ground control animals and animals reared in classical conditions in our animal facilities. We observed that, 10 days after the return on earth, the level of IgM heavy-chain transcription was normal but the level of IgY heavy-chain transcription was at least three times higher than in control animals. We also observed that the use of the different VH families in IgM heavy-chain transcripts was modified by the flight. These data suggest that the spaceflight affected the antibody response against the antigens contained in the food.

mAbs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1778435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehua Sun ◽  
Chuan Chen ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
David R. Martinez ◽  
Aleksandra Drelich ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ufuk Kirik ◽  
Helena Persson ◽  
Fredrik Levander ◽  
Lennart Greiff ◽  
Mats Ohlin

1966 ◽  
Vol 166 (1003) ◽  
pp. 176-187 ◽  

The specificity of antigenic recognition of the component chains of purified dinitrophenyl and trinitrophenyl antibodies was examined. Heavy chains were rendered soluble at neutral pH, either by prior reaction of the parent antibodies with D,L-alanine N -carboxy anhydride, or by mixing heavy chain with light chain of non-specific IgG. The degree of homologous light chain contamination of these heavy chain preparations was found to be less than 2 %, either by immune precipitation, or by end-group analysis. Association constants of the heavy chains of both antibodies with several closely related haptenes were measured by fluorescence quenching. Heavy chains differentiated among these haptenes in the same manner as the parent antibodies, though considerable binding affinity was lost. When specific homologous light chains were added to the heavy chain preparations, association constants were increased, but without change in relative selectivity. Binding activity of light chains alone could not be measured. The heavy chain, then, appears to bear the specificity of its parent molecule. Whether or not homologous light chain contributes additional specific information with respect to antigenic recognition or simply plays a non-specific modulating role cannot be answered from these experiments.


Author(s):  
Т.П. Ветлугина ◽  
Е.В. Матафонова ◽  
Н.А. Бохан ◽  
В.Б. Никитина ◽  
А.И. Мандель ◽  
...  

Цель исследования: изучение динамики показателей иммунитета и уровня кортизола у больных опийной наркоманией в процессе терапии синдрома отмены. Методика. В исследование включено 136 больных опийной наркоманией (инъекции экстракта опия) с сформировавшейся физической зависимостью. Пациенты получали в стационаре стандартную терапию с полной отменой наркотика. Исследование проводилось на следующих этапах: при поступлении в стационар (опийный абстинентный синдром - ОАС); на 5-7-е сут. терапии (переход в постабстинентное состояние - ПАС); на 25-28-е сут. лечения (становление терапевтической ремиссии - СТР). Лабораторные методы включали определение количества лимфоцитов с рецепторами CD3, CD4, CD8, СD16, с рецепторами к дофамину (D-RFC); содержание иммуноглобулинов М, G, А, уровня кортизола и циркулирующих иммунных комплексов (ЦИК) в сыворотке крови. Результаты. Основной иммуноэндокринный паттерн на всех этапах терапии синдрома отмены характеризуется дефицитом субпопуляций Т-лимфоцитов CD3, CD4, СD8; увеличением числа лимфоцитов с рецепторами к дофамину (D-RFC); активацией гуморальных факторов иммунитета (IgM, IgG, ЦИК); высокой концентрацией кортизола. На этапе ОАС и ПАС эти изменения были наиболее выражены; на 25-28-е сут. лечения отмечена позитивная динамика Т-лимфоцитов СD3 и цитотоксических Т-лимфоцитов (СD8); хелперы/индукторы CD4 оставались устойчиво сниженными; D-RFC лимфоциты, параметры гуморального иммунитета и концентрация кортизола - повышенными. Длительный срок наркотизации при употреблении высоких доз наркотика связан с большей выраженностью нарушений. Заключение. Установленная дизрегуляция параметров иммуноэндокринной системы у больных опийной наркоманией на всех этапах терапии синдрома отмены в наблюдаемые сроки (25-28 сут.) свидетельствует о неустойчивости достигнутой терапевтической ремиссии и необходимости проведения дальнейших реабилитационных мероприятий. The purpose: investigate changes in immunity parameters and cortisol level in subjects with opiate addiction during the treatment of opiate withdrawal syndrome. Methods. The study enrolled 136 subjects with opiate addiction with physical dependence receiving injections of opium extract. Patients received conventional therapy with complete opiate withdrawal. The study was performed at the following stages: at admission to the hospital (acute withdrawal syndrome (AWS); on days 5-7 of therapy (transition into post-withdrawal state - PWS); on days 25-28 of therapy (formation of therapeutic remission - FTR). Laboratory methods included determination count of lymphocytes with receptors CD3, CD4, CD8, СD16, with receptors to dopamine (D-RFC); the serum levels of IgМ, IgG, IgА, cortisol, circulating immune complexes (CIC). Results. The principal immunoendocrine pattern for all stages of withdrawal syndrome therapy is characterized in comparison to the reference normal values quantitative deficit of CD3, CD4, СD8 Т-lymphocyte subpopulations, increased count of lymphocytes with receptors to dopamine, activation of humoral immunity factors (IgM, IgG, CIC), high cortisol level. At AWS and PAS stages such changes are most pronounced; on days 25-28 of therapy positive changes in cytotoxic Т-lymphocytes (СD8) and Т-lymphocytes СD3 was revealed. CD4 count remained steadily reduced, count of lymphocytes with receptors to dopamine and cortisol level were elevated. Clinical and immunological analysis demonstrated that consumption of high opiate doses, long-term narcotization are associated with higher intensity of disorders detected. Conclusion. Dysregulation of immunoendocrine parameters was revealed in subjects with opiate addiction at all stages of withdrawal syndrome therapy within the term observed evidencing instability of therapeutic remission achieved and necessity in further rehabilitation events.


2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Wagner ◽  
Sarah Wehrle ◽  
Etienne Weiss ◽  
Marco Cavallari ◽  
Wilfried Weber

Nanobodies, the smallest possible antibody format, have become of considerable interest for biotechnological and immunotherapeutic applications. They show excellent robustness, are non-immunogenic in humans, and can easily be engineered and produced in prokaryotic hosts. Traditionally, nanobodies are selected from camelid immune libraries involving the maintenance and treatment of animals. Recent advances have involved the generation of nanobodies from naïve or synthetic libraries. However, such approaches demand large library sizes and sophisticated selection procedures. Here, we propose an alternative, two-step approach for the design and generation of nanobodies. In a first step, complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) are grafted from conventional antibody formats onto nanobody frameworks, generating weak antigen binders. In a second step, the weak binders serve as templates to design focused synthetic phage libraries for affinity maturation. We validated this approach by grafting toxin- and hapten-specific CDRs onto frameworks derived from variable domains of camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies (VHH). We then affinity matured the hapten binder via panning of a synthetic phage library. We suggest that this strategy can complement existing immune, naïve, and synthetic library based methods, requiring neither animal experiments, nor large libraries, nor sophisticated selection protocols.


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