Ovarian blood flow responses to electroacupuncture stimulation depend on estrous cycle and on site and frequency of stimulation in anesthetized rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Stener-Victorin ◽  
Shigeko Fujisawa ◽  
Mieko Kurosawa
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Spinal Cord Transection ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Frequency Of Stimulation

Electroacupuncture (EA) applied to the abdomen and hindlimb modulates the ovarian blood flow (OBF) response. The present study aimed to further elucidate the role of the site and the frequency of short-term EA stimulation and the influence of the estrous cycle on the OBF response using anesthetized rats. EA stimulation was applied to the abdominal or the hindlimb muscles at three different frequencies (2, 10, and 80 Hz) during the estrus or diestrus phase. Involvement of spinal and supraspinal reflexes in OBF responses to EA stimulation was investigated by spinal cord transection. Abdominal EA stimulation at 10 Hz increased the OBF response, whereas hindlimb EA stimulation at 10 Hz and abdominal and hindlimb stimulation at 80 Hz decreased the OBF response; 2-Hz EA caused no OBF response. The OBF response to abdominal EA was more pronounced in the estrus than the diestrus phase. The OBF response to abdominal and hindlimb EA stimulation at both 10 and 80 Hz was almost abolished, both after severance of the sympathetic nerves and after spinal cord transection. In conclusion, the OBF response to both abdominal and hindlimb EA stimulation was mediated as a reflex response via the ovarian sympathetic nerves, and the response was controlled via supraspinal pathways. Furthermore, the OBF response to segmental abdominal EA stimulation was frequency dependent and amplified in the estrous phase.

scholarly journals The Role of Lumbar Sympathetic Nerves in Regulation of Blood Flow to Skeletal Muscle during Anaphylactic Hypotension in Anesthetized Rats

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e0150882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Song ◽  
Mamoru Tanida ◽  
Toshishige Shibamoto ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Mofei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Anesthetized Rats

Cerebral and Spinal Cord Blood Flow in Awake and Fentanyl-N2O Anesthetized Rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Hoffman ◽  
Christian Werner ◽  
Eberhard Kochs ◽  
Larry Segil ◽  
Guy Edelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Spinal Cord Blood Flow ◽  
Anesthetized Rats

Regional blood flow in transected rat spinal cord during hypothermia

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (6) ◽  
pp. H1649-H1654
Author(s):  
T. Sakamoto ◽  
A. Iwai ◽  
W. W. Monafo
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Spinal Cord Transection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord ◽  
Caudal Spinal Cord

Regional blood flow (RBF) increases in the spinal cord and sciatic nerve of acutely hypothermic rats. To determine whether cord transection affects this response, we measured RBF in rat spinal cord and sciatic nerve 2 h after cord transection at vertebrae T8 (n = 18 rats) and T11 (n = 18 rats) using [14C]butanol distribution. Nine in each group were normothermic controls. In T11 transection-hypothermia (25-27 degrees C rectal temperature), RBF increased in the three rostral cord segments by 28-40% (P less than 0.05); caudally, cord RBF was depressed in two segments (P less than 0.05), unchanged in the other; RBF fell in nerve (P less than 0.05). In T8 transection-hypothermia, RBF was unchanged in the two rostral cord segments; caudally, RBF was depressed in one cord segment (P less than 0.05) and unchanged in the others; RBF was unchanged in nerve. We conclude that RBF does not rise in caudal spinal cord segments or in sciatic nerve during hypothermia in rats with prior spinal cord transection.

scholarly journals Neuromodulation of motor-evoked potentials during stepping in spinal rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 1311-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parag Gad ◽  
Igor Lavrov ◽  
Prithvi Shah ◽  
Hui Zhong ◽  
Roland R. Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles ◽  
Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Muscle Responses

The rat spinal cord isolated from supraspinal control via a complete low- to midthoracic spinal cord transection produces locomotor-like patterns in the hindlimbs when facilitated pharmacologically and/or by epidural electrical stimulation. To evaluate the role of epidural electrical stimulation in enabling motor control (eEmc) for locomotion and posture, we recorded potentials evoked by epidural spinal cord stimulation in selected hindlimb muscles during stepping and standing in adult spinal rats. We hypothesized that the temporal details of the phase-dependent modulation of these evoked potentials in selected hindlimb muscles while performing a motor task in the unanesthetized state would be predictive of the potential of the spinal circuitries to generate stepping. To test this hypothesis, we characterized soleus and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle responses as middle response (MR; 4–6 ms) or late responses (LRs; >7 ms) during stepping with eEmc. We then compared these responses to the stepping parameters with and without a serotoninergic agonist (quipazine) or a glycinergic blocker (strychnine). Quipazine inhibited the MRs induced by eEmc during nonweight-bearing standing but facilitated locomotion and increased the amplitude and number of LRs induced by eEmc during stepping. Strychnine facilitated stepping and reorganized the LRs pattern in the soleus. The LRs in the TA remained relatively stable at varying loads and speeds during locomotion, whereas the LRs in the soleus were strongly modulated by both of these variables. These data suggest that LRs facilitated electrically and/or pharmacologically are not time-locked to the stimulation pulse but are highly correlated to the stepping patterns of spinal rats.

Reflex control of skin blood flow by skin temperature: role of core temperature

1979 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1188-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Johnson ◽  
M. K. Park
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Esophageal Temperature ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
Reflex Control ◽  
Different Levels

Two protocols were used to discover whether the reflex response in skin blood flow (SkBF) to rising skin temperature (Tsk) was dependent on the level of internal temperature. Part I. In five subjects, Tsk (controlled with water-perfused suits) was raised to 37 degrees C prior to, between 2 and 5 min, or between 10 and 17 min of exercise. The associated SkBF elevation per degree rise in Tsk averaged 0.20, 1.28, and 1.75 ml/100 ml . min, respectively. When Tsk was raised during the first 5 min of exercise, esophageal temperature (Tes) rose markedly (0.39 degrees C), but transiently fell if Tsk was raised after 10 min of exercise. Part II. In six subjects, different work loads were used to develop different levels of internal temperature. Tsk was elevated to 37 degrees C after 10--15 min at light (50--75 W) or moderate (100--150 W) work loads. At the heavier work load (and higher Tes), the rise in forearm SkBF per degree rise in Tsk averaged 2.33 +/- 0.38 (SE) times that observed at the light work load. These data strongly suggest that the reflex response of SkBF to rising Tsk is dependent on the level of internal temperature.

Effects of Glycine Administration on Canine Experimental Spinal Spasticity and the Levels of Glycine, Glutamate, and Aspartate in the Lumbar Spinal Cord

Neurosurgery ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Smith ◽  
P. V. Hall ◽  
M. R. Galvin ◽  
A. R. Jones ◽  
R. L. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Spinal Cord Transection ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Gray Matter ◽  
Central Gray ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

Abstract Twelve female mongrel dogs were made paraplegic by midthoracic spinal cord transection. Beginning at 9 weeks posttransection, either glycine (50 mg/kg) or saline was injected intramuscularly each day and the signs of spinal spasticity were assessed clinically. After treating the dogs for 3 weeks, we removed the lumbar enlargement of each dog and microdissected it into gray and white areas which we assayed for glycine, glutamate, and aspartate content. Some of the clinical signs of spasticity improved in the animals injected with glycine compared to the saline-injected controls. The content of glycine was significantly elevated in the central gray matter and ventral medial white matter of the glycinetreated dogs. The levels of glutamate were also significantly elevated in the central, lateral ventral, and medial ventral gray matter and in the dorsal lateral and ventral medial white matter of the glycine-treated dogs. The possible role of these segmental putative neurotransmitters in spinal spasticity is discussed.

Role of spinal 5-HT2receptor subtypes in quipazine-induced hindlimb movements after a low-thoracic spinal cord transection

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 2231-2242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roth-V. Ung ◽  
Eric S. Landry ◽  
Pascal Rouleau ◽  
Nicolas P. Lapointe ◽  
Claude Rouillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Transection ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal

Role of histamine in posttraumatic spinal cord hyperemia and the luxury perfusion syndrome

1976 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur I. Kobrine ◽  
Thomas F. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Related Phenomenon ◽  
Spinal Cord Trauma ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lateral Funiculus ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Luxury Perfusion

✓ The authors studied the effect of pretreatment of monkeys with antihistamines on hyperemia observed in the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord after severe experimental spinal cord trauma. After administration of Chlorpheniramine and Metiamide, the spinal cords were traumatized with a 600 gm-cm injury. Blood flow in the lateral funiculus at the injury site was then determined hourly for 6 hours. The blood flow at this site remained in the normal range at all times in all animals. Neither a hyperemia nor an ischemia could be demonstrated. This finding reaffirms the authors' previous observation that ischemia does not exist in the lateral funiculus after severe experimental spinal cord trauma, and explains the previous observation of hyperemia as a histamine-related phenomenon, easily blocked by the administration of Chlorpheniramine and Metiamide, potent antihistamines which together block both the H1 and H2 receptor sites.

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