Two Distinct Types of Noisy Oscillators in Electroreceptors of Paddlefish

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 492-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Neiman ◽  
David F. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectra ◽  
Sensory Receptors ◽  
Spontaneous Firing ◽  
Synaptic Coupling ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Computational Analyses ◽  
Peripheral Sensory ◽  
Spontaneous Firing Rate ◽  
Oscillatory Processes

Our computational analyses and experiments demonstrate that ampullary electroreceptors in paddlefish ( Polyodon spathula) contain 2 distinct types of continuously active noisy oscillators. The spontaneous firing of afferents reflects both rhythms, and as a result is stochastically biperiodic (quasiperiodic). The first type of oscillator resides in the sensory epithelia, is recorded as approximately 26 Hz and ±70 μV voltage fluctuations at the canal skin pores, and gives rise to a noisy peak at f e ≈ 26 Hz in power spectra of spontaneous afferent firing. The second type of oscillator resides in afferent terminals, is seen as a noisy peak at f a ≈ 30–70 Hz that dominates the power spectra of spontaneous afferent firing, and corresponds to the mean spontaneous firing rate. Sideband peaks at frequencies of f a ± f e are consistent with epithelia-to-afferent unidirectional synaptic coupling or, alternatively, nonlinear mixing of the 2 oscillatory processes. External stimulation affects the frequency of only the afferent oscillator, not the epithelial oscillators. Application of temperature gradients localized the f e and f a oscillators to different depths below the skin. Having 2 distinct types of internal oscillators is a novel form of organization for peripheral sensory receptors, of relevance for other hair cell sensory receptors.

INDICATIONS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RELEVANCE OF NOISE AND CHAOS

2004 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. L207-L217 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANS A. BRAUN ◽  
KARL VOIGT ◽  
J. CHRISTIAN KRIEG ◽  
MARTIN T. HUBER
Keyword(s):  
Systems Biology ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Sensory Receptors ◽  
Noise Effects ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Peripheral Sensory

In recent years biophysical approaches have had particular impact on the progress in physiological and biological research. In systems biology such progress is often associated with the terms "noise" and "chaos". The introduction of these physically based concepts into life sciences has essentially been promoted by the work of Frank Moss and his group. This paper provides evidence of the physiological relevance of such biophysically based approaches with examples from quite different physiological and pathophysiological functions like temperature transduction in peripheral sensory receptors and the progression of mood disorders. We will use modelling studies, based on experimental and clinical data, to illustrate that both systems can attain specific dynamical states where chaos and/or noise plays an essential role and we will try to describe under which conditions functionally relevant noise effects or chaotic behaviour can be expected.

Non-pharmacological methods of pain relief and systemic analgesia in labour

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace McClune ◽  
David Hill
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Complementary Therapies ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Labour Pain ◽  
Opioid Analgesia ◽  
Sensory Receptors ◽  
Pain Sensation ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Inhibitory Pathways ◽  
Peripheral Sensory

Pain in labour is an issue common to women the world over. Healthcare professionals have an important role in helping women to understand this pain and to make informed choices regarding its management. Pain relief for labour comes in many forms. This chapter explores the theory behind labour pain and then discusses the use of non-pharmacological methods of pain relief (complementary therapies) or systemic analgesia in labour. The non-pharmacological methods described include those that aim to reduce painful stimuli and those that modulate pain sensation by the activation of peripheral sensory receptors or the enhancement of descending inhibitory pathways. Systemic analgesia in labour described in this chapter includes the use of inhalational agents, non-opioid analgesia, and opioid analgesia. The rationale behind the use of each method described is discussed along with evidence regarding the efficacy and limitations where available. Routes of administration and dosing are included where applicable. The potential for maternal or neonatal side effects is highlighted and conclusions drawn for each method as to the implications of the evidence to use in practice.

Spontaneous firing rate of neurones in the prefrontal cortex of the rat: evidence for a dopaminergic inhibition

1976 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mora ◽  
K.F. Sweeney ◽  
E.T. Rolls ◽  
A.M. Sanguinetti
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Firing Rate ◽  
Spontaneous Firing ◽  
Spontaneous Firing Rate

Neurodepressing Hormone (Ndh): Fact or Fiction?

Crustaceana ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Huberman
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Firing Rate ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Spontaneous Firing ◽  
Sinus Gland ◽  
Spontaneous Firing Rate

AbstractExtracts of the crustacean eyestalk, and particularly of the sinus gland, produce an inhibition of the spontaneous firing rate of motor and sensitive neurons in two different bioassays. This activity can be ascribed to a molecule of low molecular weight, neutral, non-peptidic, soluble in water and methanol, thermostable, different from GABA but suppressed by picrotoxin. Its nature remains to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Quantitative Properties of the Creation and Activation of a Cell-Intrinsic Engram

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Gallistel ◽  
Fredrik Johansson ◽  
Dan-Anders Jirenhed ◽  
Anders Rasmussen ◽  
Matthew Ricci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstimulus Interval ◽  
Interspike Interval ◽  
Spontaneous Firing ◽  
Eyeblink Response ◽  
Trial Analysis ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Single Spike ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The One ◽  
Spontaneous Firing Rate

AbstractThe conditional pause in the spontaneous firing of the cerebellar Purkinje, which determines the timing of the conditional eyeblink response, is mediated by a cell-intrinsic engram (Johansson, et al. 2014) that encodes the interstimulus interval. Our trial-by-trial analysis of the pause parameters reveals that it consists of a single unusually long interspike interval, whose onset and offset latencies are stochastically independent scalar functions of the interstimulus interval. The coefficients of variation are comparable to those observed in the timing of the overt conditional eyeblink. The onsets of the long interspike interval are step changes; there is no prior build-up of inhibition. A single spike volley in the parallel fiber input triggers the read-out of the engram into the long interspike interval; subsequent volleys have no effect on the pause. The high spontaneous firing rate on which the one-interval firing pause supervenes is markedly non-stationary (Fano factors >> 1).

Neural Organization of Peripheral Sensory Receptors of Cephalopod Molluscs

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 142-143
Author(s):  
P. P. C. Graziadei
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Receptors ◽  
Neural Organization ◽  
Mechanical Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Peripheral Sensory ◽  
Potential Food

If one observes the behavior of an octopus and of a squid, one may notice marked differences in the manipulation of objects by the arms and suckers in these two animals. In the case of the octopus a number of complex manipulations are performed by both the arms and the individual suckers. The squid appears to utilize its arms and suckers only for the purpose of grasping and drawing potential food to the mouth. It is conceivable that this difference in behavior is due to disimilar distribution and organization of sensory receptors in octopods and decapods. Octopods may obtain chemical and mechanical information at the level of the suckers while decapods appear to obtain this information at the level of the mouth.

scholarly journals Regulation of Neuronal Function by Choline and 4OH-GTS-21 Through α7 Nicotinic Receptors

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 1797-1806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Uteshev ◽  
Edwin M. Meyer ◽  
Roger L. Papke
Keyword(s):  
Firing Rate ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Choline Uptake ◽  
Spontaneous Firing ◽  
Α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Physiological Concentration ◽  
Α7 Nachr ◽  
Synaptic Functions ◽  
Neuronal Functions ◽  
Spontaneous Firing Rate

A unique feature of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor physiology is that, under normal physiological conditions, α7 receptors are constantly perfused with their natural selective agonist, choline. Studying neurons of hypothalamic tuberomammillary (TM) nucleus, we show that choline and the selective α7 receptor agonist 4OH-GTS-21 can regulate neuronal functions directly, via activation of the native α7 receptors, and indirectly, via desensitizing those receptors or transferring them into a state “primed” for desensitization. The direct action produces depolarization and thereby increases the TM neuron spontaneous firing (SF) rate. The regulation of the spontaneous firing rate is robust in a nonphysiological range of choline concentrations >200 μM. However, modest effects persist at concentrations of choline that are likely to be attained perineuronally under some conditions (20–100 μM). At high physiological concentration levels, the indirect choline action reduces or even eliminates the responsiveness of α7 receptors and their availability to other strong cholinergic inputs. Similarly to choline, 4OH-GTS-21 increases the TM neuron spontaneous firing rate via activation of α7 receptors, and this regulation is robust in the range of clinically relevant concentrations of 4OH-GTS-21. We conclude that factors that regulate choline accumulation in the brain and in experimental slices such as choline uptake, hydrolysis of ACh, membrane phosphatidylcholine catabolism, and solution perfusion rate influence α7 nAChR neuronal and synaptic functions, especially under pathological conditions such as stroke, seizures, Alzheimer's disease, and head trauma, when the choline concentration in the CSF is expected to rise.

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