scholarly journals The dominant functional nicotinic receptor in progenitor cells in the rostral migratory stream is the α3β4 subtype

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Glutamate Release ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Odor Discrimination ◽  
Rostral Migratory Stream ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Granule Cell Layer ◽  
Migratory Stream

Addition of newly generated neurons into mature neural circuits in the adult CNS responds to changes in neurotransmitter levels and is tightly coupled to the activity of specific brain regions. This postnatal neurogenesis contributes to plasticity of the olfactory bulb and hippocampus and is thought to play a role in learning and memory, context and odor discrimination, as well as perceptual learning. While acetylcholine plays an important role in odor discrimination and perceptual learning, its role in adult neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb has not been elucidated. In this study, I have examined the functional expression of nAChRs in progenitor cells of the rostral migratory stream (RMS) in the adult olfactory bulb of mice. I show that most of these cells in the RMS exhibit large nAChR-mediated calcium transients upon application of acetylcholine (ACh). Unlike in the hippocampus, the predominant functional nAChRs on progenitor cells are of α3β4 subtype. Interestingly, functional receptor expression is lost once progenitor cells mature, and are incorporated into the granule cell layer. Instead, nAChRs are now expressed on some presynaptic terminals and modulate glutamate release onto granule cells. My results imply that ACh is a part of the permissive niche and likely plays a role in development of progenitor cells.

scholarly journals p27KIP1 Regulates Neurogenesis in the Rostral Migratory Stream and Olfactory Bulb of the Postnatal Mouse

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 2902-2914 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Li ◽  
X. Tang ◽  
B. Jablonska ◽  
A. Aguirre ◽  
V. Gallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Rostral Migratory Stream ◽  
Migratory Stream

scholarly journals Age-dependent visualization of neural progenitor cells within the rostral migratory stream via MRI and endogenously labeled micron-sized iron oxide particles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorela D. Shuboni-Mulligan ◽  
Shatadru Chakravarty ◽  
Christiane L. Mallett ◽  
Alexander M. Wolf ◽  
Stacey Forton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Rostral Migratory Stream ◽  
Iron Oxide Particles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Migratory Stream

AbstractThe subventricular zone (SVZ) is one of the primary sources for rodent neural progenitor cells (NPC), however, aging greatly impacts the substructure of the region and rate of new cell birth. To determine if age impacts the rate of in vivo migration within animals, we examined the rostral migratory stream (RMS) of animals across 12 days using an established MRI technique. To visualize NPCs, we injected micron sized particles of iron oxide (MPIO) into the lateral ventricle to endogenously label cells within the SVZ, which then appeared as hypo-intensive spots within MR images. Our in vivo MRI data showed that the rate of migration was significantly different between all ages examined, with decreases in the distance traveled as age progressed. The total number of iron oxide labeled cells within the olfactory bulb on day 12, decrease significantly when compared across ages in ex vivo high-resolution scans. We also, for the first time, demonstrated the endogenous labeling of cells within the dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus. Here too, there was a significant decrease in the number of labeled cells within the structure across age. Histology of the NPCs verified the decrease in labeling of cells with doublecortin (DCX) as age progressed for both regions. The dramatic reduction of labeling in NPCs within the SVZ and DG observed with MRI, demonstrates the importance of understanding the impact of age on the relationship of NPC and disease.

scholarly journals 8. Maturation of the Fetal Olfactory Bulb

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (S2) ◽  
pp. S4-S4
Author(s):  
Harvey B. Sarnat
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Granular Layer ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Autologous Transplantation ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Granule Cell Layer ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Mature Brain ◽  
Brain Malformations

The olfactory bulb exhibits architecture unique amongst laminar cortices, lacking molecular and subplate zones and having superficial synaptic glomeruli. Its ontogenesis also is unique because neuroblasts do not migrate radially but stream in from the rostral telencephalon; an ependymal-lined olfactory ventricle is transitory. The olfactory is the only sensory system to not project to the thalamus but incorporates a thalamic equivalent. It is a repository of progenitor cells in the mature brain. The aim was to define olfactory bulb development in the human foetus: synaptogenesis and cellular maturation.Immunoreactivity in paraffin sections of synaptophysin, NeuN, calretinin, vimentin and nestin was examined at autopsy in olfactory bulb in 20 foetuses, 9-40wks gestation. Synaptophysin reactivity was seen around the somata of mitral and tufted neurons at 9wks, synaptic glomeruli at 13wks. The granule cell layer in the core exhibited NeuN-reactive nuclei in cells of the outer half at 20wks; 60% of granular neurons reacted by term. Synaptophysin reactivity in the granular layer initiates at 15wk. GABAergic calretinin-reactive neurons and neurites and synaptic glomeruli appeared at 13wks. Nestin- and vimentin-reactive bipolar progenitor cells were shown at all gestational ages, mainly in the granular layer, the ratio to other cells remaining constant. Synapses form in the small accessory olfactory bulb of the nervus terminalis earlier than in the main bulb. Development of synaptic vesicles in the human fetal olfactory bulb is precise both spatially and temporally, but not yet fully mature at term.In brain malformations and congenital metabolic and genetic diseases, the olfactory bulb may be affected and provide additional neuropathological data. Therapeutic autologous transplantation of olfactory progenitor cells focus renewed interest in the olfactory bulb.

scholarly journals ADAM2 promotes migration of neuroblasts in the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1585-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ichi Murase ◽  
Chunghee Cho ◽  
Judith M. White ◽  
Alan F. Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Rostral Migratory Stream ◽  
Migratory Stream

scholarly journals Doublecortin Expression in the Olfactory Bulb and Rostral Stream in Infantile Rats after Exposure to Neurotoxin

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
D. A. Pozhilov ◽  
T. A. Rumyantseva ◽  
V. E. Varentsov ◽  
A. V. Moskalenko
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Rostral Migratory Stream ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Neuronal Progenitors ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Immature Neurons ◽  
Mature Neurons ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Migratory Stream

The aim of the study was to investigate changes of neuroblasts’ numeral destiny in rats’ olfactory bulb and rostral migratory stream after neurotoxic action in infant age.Material and methods. The distribution of DCX, a marker of immature neurons, was studied to reveal the dynamics of its expression in the evolutionary period of ontogenesis in olfactory bulbs and rostral migratory stream in 30, 60, 90, and 180-day-old rats. Modeling of neurotoxic effects was carried out by three times injections of capsaicin on the 30–32 day of life in a total dose of 120 mg/kg. The material for the study was sampled on the 15-, 30- and 60th days of the experiment. The marker was detected on parasagittal paraffin sections, taking into account the layers of the olfactory bulb. The numerical density of DCX+ neurons (pcs/mm2) and their part in the total number of cells were determined.Results. The standard age indicators of the numerical density of immature neurons and their share in the cell population, as well as similar indicators for two months after toxic effects, were established. The administration of toxic doses of capsaicin causes a massive death of mature neurons. Compensatory reaction manifested by activation of neurogenesis in the brain stem niches and an increase in the numerical density neuroblasts in the rostral stream.Conclusions. Activation of neurogenesis during neurodegeneration causes an increase in the number of DCX + neuronal progenitors in the olfactory bulb after 30 days after exposure and maintaining high levels until the end of observation.

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