Fracture Surface Analysis of Ball Bearing Steel by X-Ray Residual Stress Measurement

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 317-323
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Nakashima ◽  
Noriyuki Tsushima ◽  
Hiroshi Muro
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Plastic Deformation Zone ◽  
Static Fatigue ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ball Bearing Steel

Plastic deformation necessarily accompanies fracture even in high hardness steels such as ball bearing steel, though it is within a very shallow layer just under the fracture surface. The depth of the plastic deformation zone can he determined by X-ray measurement of half value breadth. However, in the case of high hardness steel, the half value breadth is not changed significantly by this kind of plastic deformation. On the contrary, residual stress on the fractured surface was found to change remarkably depending on the mode of fracture such as static, fatigue or delayed types.

Inclination of Principal Residual Stress and the Direction of Cracking in Contact-Fatigued Ball Bearing Steel

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 341-348
Author(s):  
Kikuo Maeda ◽  
Noriyuki Tsushima ◽  
Masatoshi Tokuda ◽  
Hiroshi Muro
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Roller Bearing ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Peeling Test ◽  
Surface Fatigue ◽  
Ball Bearing Steel

Peeling is a surface fatigue failure of a roller bearing that consists of many shallow pits less than 10 pm in depth and cracks that link the pits. Peeling occurs rather easily on a smooth Surface when in contact with a rough surface under insufficient thickness of the lubricating oil film.X-ray residual stress measurements on and under the contact surface after a peeling test revealed that the 2θ versus sin2ψ curve is not linear and that it curves depending upon the rolling contact condition and especially upon the existence of slip. Nonlinearity of the 2θ-sin2ψ) curve has been reported by Wakabayashi in a study of residual stress accompanying the grinding of soft steel and by Faninger in a study of residual stress due to rolling contact with annealed steel, but hot in the case of high hardness steel such as ball bearing steel. No complete explanation of this non-linearity has been made as yet.

The Effect of Ball Bearing Steel Structure on Rolling Friction and Contact Plastic Deformation

1960 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Drutowski ◽  
Ernie B. Mikus
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Elastic Limit ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Rolling Friction ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Very High ◽  
Ball Bearing Steel

The rolling friction, contact plastic deformation, and elastic limit were determined for SAE 52100 steel structures with retained austenite contents from zero to 18.4 per cent. The force necessary to roll a ball on a plate decreased as the retained austenite was decreased. The contact stress necessary for the initiation of plastic deformation and the elastic limit of the material increased as the retained austenite content decreased from 18.4 to 3.9 per cent. No further change occurred when the retained austenite was reduced to zero. The extent of plastic deformation at very high contact stresses was reduced by the presence of retained austenite contents up to at least 7.4 per cent. These observations were applied to the problem of selecting the best steel structure for an instrument ball bearing.

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