Increasing Prevalence of Unique Mutation Patterns in H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus HA and NA Glycoproteins from Human Infections in Egypt

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus (HPAIV) continues to be a candidate of a further influenza virus pandemic. Egypt is the country worst affected by human cases of HPAIV H5N1 infection in 2009. Increased infection of preschool children and decreased mortality rates suggested subtle changes in the epidemiology of the infection. Among other factors, the evolution of several conspicuous viral genetic markers in the HA and NA genes of HPAIV H5N1 viruses of human cases from Egypt and their putative influence on biological virus characteristics described here may contribute to this situation.

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Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of the H5N1 avian influenza virus caused the first highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in poultry in the Czech Republic in 2007

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.07.013 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 133 (3) ◽

pp. 257-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Alexander Nagy ◽

Veronika Vostinakova ◽

Zuzana Pindova ◽

Jitka Hornickova ◽

Lenka Cernikova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Influenza Virus ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

H5n1 Avian Influenza Virus ◽

Influenza Outbreak ◽

Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

H5n1 Avian Influenza

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The first 2010 Case of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus

European Journal of Risk Regulation ◽

10.1017/s1867299x00000295 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 165-166

Author(s):

Stéphanie Mahieu

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Influenza Virus ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

Avian Influenza Virus ◽

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

The European Union ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

H5n1 Avian Influenza ◽

Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus

The recent Romanian outbreak of subtype H5N1 of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, the first detected case of H5N1 avian influenza in Europe in 2010, has reinvigorated the debate concerning risks related to the spread of avian influenza in the European Union.

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H5N1 avian influenza: update on the global situation

Weekly releases (1997–2007) ◽

10.2807/esw.10.50.02856-en ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 10 (50) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S De Martin ◽

A Nicoll

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

Type A ◽

H5n1 Influenza Virus ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Influenza Virus A ◽

Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

H5n1 Influenza ◽

H5n1 Avian Influenza

Type A/H5N1 influenza virus, a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)

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Avian influenza: current situation in South East Asia and impact on Europe

Weekly releases (1997–2007) ◽

10.2807/esw.10.03.02619-en ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

Author(s):

C S Brown ◽

W J Paget ◽

A Meijer

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

East Asia ◽

Avian Influenza Virus ◽

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

South East Asia ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus ◽

Human Infections

Poultry outbreaks and human cases of infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A(H5N1) continue to be documented in Asia, with several new human infections being reported since December 2004, following a period of 2 months when no cases were reported.

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Update on human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/H7N7 during an outbreak in poultry in The Netherlands

Weekly releases (1997–2007) ◽

10.2807/esw.07.18.02217-en ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 7 (18) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M Koopmans ◽

R Fouchier ◽

B Wilbrink ◽

A Meijer ◽

G Natrop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

Avian Influenza Virus ◽

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Influenza Virus A ◽

Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus ◽

Human Infections

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Overview of the Epizootiological Situation on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Russia in 2020

Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections ◽

10.21055/0370-1069-2021-2-33-40 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 33-40

Author(s):

V. Yu. Marchenko ◽

N. I. Goncharova ◽

E. V. Gavrilova ◽

R. A. Maksyutov ◽

A. B. Ryzhikov

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

Avian Influenza Virus ◽

Large Scale ◽

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus ◽

Human Infections

This review describes the current situation on highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in 2020 and provides forecast of the possible further spread of avian influenza in Russia. In 2020, the circulation of a wide variety of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtypes which have epizootiological and epidemiological significance was recorded in the world. Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza were reported in over 30 countries. Apart from this, human infections with influenza viruses of the A/H5Nx and A/H9N2 subtypes were reported. There was a large-scale epizootic in Russia in 2020, which affected more than 10 regions. Outbreaks among wild birds and poultry were caused by the highly pathogenic influenza virus A/H5N8 of clade 2.3.4.4b. As a result of those outbreaks, more than 1.5 mil. poultry were killed or perished. It was revealed that strains of the influenza virus isolated in Russia have a high degree of identity with the strains circulating in Europe and Southeast Asia. Thus, it was shown again that the territory of Russia plays an important role in the global spread of avian influenza virus.

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