scholarly journals Enteral Nutrition and Acute Pancreatitis: A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. M. Spanier ◽  
M. J. Bruno ◽  
E. M. H. Mathus-Vliegen
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
English Language ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Nasogastric Feeding ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Nasogastric Tube Feeding

Introduction. In patients with acute pancreatitis (AP), nutritional support is required if normal food cannot be tolerated within several days. Enteral nutrition is preferred over parenteral nutrition. We reviewed the literature about enteral nutrition in AP.Methods. A MEDLINE search of the English language literature between 1999–2009.Results. Nasogastric tube feeding appears to be safe and well tolerated in the majority of patients with severe AP, rendering the concept of pancreatic rest less probable. Enteral nutrition has a beneficial influence on the outcome of AP and should probably be initiated as early as possible (within 48 hours). Supplementation of enteral formulas with glutamine or prebiotics and probiotics cannot routinely be recommended.Conclusions. Nutrition therapy in patients with AP emerged from supportive adjunctive therapy to a proactive primary intervention. Large multicentre studies are needed to confirm the safety and effectiveness of nasogastric feeding and to investigate the role of early nutrition support.

Overview of Enteral Nutrition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Lynch ◽  
Erin Sisk
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Medical Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Medical Nutrition

Enteral nutrition (EN) is recognized as a medical nutrition therapy for patients with a functional gastrointestinal tract who are unable to maintain their weight and health by oral intake alone either due to a highly catabolic medical condition or a functional limitation. EN support provides calories and protein to help improve or maintain adequate weight, lean body mass, and overall nutritional status. EN also provides nonnutritive benefits such as maintaining intestinal integrity, supporting the immune system, and preventing infection. EN support can be tailored to a patient’s nutrient needs, and there are various formulas that vary in composition of macronutrients, concentration, and electrolytes for specific disease processes or conditions that may help with tolerance and absorption. EN support complications include issues with access, diarrhea, constipation, electrolyte abnormalities, hyperglycemia, and dehydration/overhydration. Generally, EN is well tolerated. While a patient is on this type of nutrition support, it is important to closely monitor tolerance, weight, laboratory values if indicated, and overall clinical progress, with adjustment to the regimen as needed. This review contains 1 figure, 4 tables, and 48 references. Key words: enteral access, enteral formula, enteral nutrition support, gastric residuals, gastrointestinal tract, immunonutrition, malnutrition, medical nutrition therapy, tube feed formula, tube feed tolerance, tube feeding, volume-based feeding

Overview of Enteral Nutrition

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Lynch ◽  
Erin Sisk
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Medical Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Medical Nutrition

Enteral nutrition (EN) is recognized as a medical nutrition therapy for patients with a functional gastrointestinal tract who are unable to maintain their weight and health by oral intake alone either due to a highly catabolic medical condition or a functional limitation. EN support provides calories and protein to help improve or maintain adequate weight, lean body mass, and overall nutritional status. EN also provides nonnutritive benefits such as maintaining intestinal integrity, supporting the immune system, and preventing infection. EN support can be tailored to a patient’s nutrient needs, and there are various formulas that vary in composition of macronutrients, concentration, and electrolytes for specific disease processes or conditions that may help with tolerance and absorption. EN support complications include issues with access, diarrhea, constipation, electrolyte abnormalities, hyperglycemia, and dehydration/overhydration. Generally, EN is well tolerated. While a patient is on this type of nutrition support, it is important to closely monitor tolerance, weight, laboratory values if indicated, and overall clinical progress, with adjustment to the regimen as needed. This review contains 1 figure, 4 tables, and 48 references. Key words: enteral access, enteral formula, enteral nutrition support, gastric residuals, gastrointestinal tract, immunonutrition, malnutrition, medical nutrition therapy, tube feed formula, tube feed tolerance, tube feeding, volume-based feeding

scholarly journals Nasogastric Tube Feeding in Older Patients: A Review of Current Practice and Challenges Faced

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Devkishan Chauhan ◽  
Surabhi Varma ◽  
Melanie Dani ◽  
Michael B. Fertleman ◽  
Louis J. Koizia
Keyword(s):  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Nasogastric Tube ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Nasogastric Feeding ◽  
National Patient ◽  
Nasogastric Tube Feeding

Nasogastric tube feeding is an essential way of delivering enteral nutrition when the oral route is insufficient or unsafe. Malnutrition is recognised as a reversible factor for sarcopenia and frailty. It is therefore crucial that malnutrition is treated in older inpatients who have dysphagia and require enteral nutrition. Despite five National Patient Safety Alerts since 2005, “Never Events” related to nasogastric feeding persist. In addition to placement errors, current practice often leads to delays in feeding, which subsequently result in worse patient outcomes. It is crucial that tube placement is confirmed accurately and in a timely way. Medical advancements in this area have been slow to find a solution which meets this need. In this paper, we provide an updated review on the current use of feeding nasogastric tubes in the older population, the issues associated with confirming correct placement, and innovative solutions for improving safety and outcomes in older patients.

Overview of Enteral Nutrition

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Lynch ◽  
Erin Sisk
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Medical Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Medical Nutrition

Enteral nutrition (EN) is recognized as a medical nutrition therapy for patients with a functional gastrointestinal tract who are unable to maintain their weight and health by oral intake alone either due to a highly catabolic medical condition or a functional limitation. EN support provides calories and protein to help improve or maintain adequate weight, lean body mass, and overall nutritional status. EN also provides nonnutritive benefits such as maintaining intestinal integrity, supporting the immune system, and preventing infection. EN support can be tailored to a patient’s nutrient needs, and there are various formulas that vary in composition of macronutrients, concentration, and electrolytes for specific disease processes or conditions that may help with tolerance and absorption. EN support complications include issues with access, diarrhea, constipation, electrolyte abnormalities, hyperglycemia, and dehydration/overhydration. Generally, EN is well tolerated. While a patient is on this type of nutrition support, it is important to closely monitor tolerance, weight, laboratory values if indicated, and overall clinical progress, with adjustment to the regimen as needed. This review contains 1 figure, 4 tables, and 48 references. Key words: enteral access, enteral formula, enteral nutrition support, gastric residuals, gastrointestinal tract, immunonutrition, malnutrition, medical nutrition therapy, tube feed formula, tube feed tolerance, tube feeding, volume-based feeding

Overview of Enteral Nutrition

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Lynch ◽  
Erin Sisk
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Medical Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Medical Nutrition

Enteral nutrition (EN) is recognized as a medical nutrition therapy for patients with a functional gastrointestinal tract who are unable to maintain their weight and health by oral intake alone either due to a highly catabolic medical condition or a functional limitation. EN support provides calories and protein to help improve or maintain adequate weight, lean body mass, and overall nutritional status. EN also provides nonnutritive benefits such as maintaining intestinal integrity, supporting the immune system, and preventing infection. EN support can be tailored to a patient’s nutrient needs, and there are various formulas that vary in composition of macronutrients, concentration, and electrolytes for specific disease processes or conditions that may help with tolerance and absorption. EN support complications include issues with access, diarrhea, constipation, electrolyte abnormalities, hyperglycemia, and dehydration/overhydration. Generally, EN is well tolerated. While a patient is on this type of nutrition support, it is important to closely monitor tolerance, weight, laboratory values if indicated, and overall clinical progress, with adjustment to the regimen as needed. This review contains 1 figure, 4 tables, and 48 references. Key words: enteral access, enteral formula, enteral nutrition support, gastric residuals, gastrointestinal tract, immunonutrition, malnutrition, medical nutrition therapy, tube feed formula, tube feed tolerance, tube feeding, volume-based feeding

Overview of Enteral Nutrition

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Lynch ◽  
Erin Sisk
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Medical Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Medical Nutrition

Enteral nutrition (EN) is recognized as a medical nutrition therapy for patients with a functional gastrointestinal tract who are unable to maintain their weight and health by oral intake alone either due to a highly catabolic medical condition or a functional limitation. EN support provides calories and protein to help improve or maintain adequate weight, lean body mass, and overall nutritional status. EN also provides nonnutritive benefits such as maintaining intestinal integrity, supporting the immune system, and preventing infection. EN support can be tailored to a patient’s nutrient needs, and there are various formulas that vary in composition of macronutrients, concentration, and electrolytes for specific disease processes or conditions that may help with tolerance and absorption. EN support complications include issues with access, diarrhea, constipation, electrolyte abnormalities, hyperglycemia, and dehydration/overhydration. Generally, EN is well tolerated. While a patient is on this type of nutrition support, it is important to closely monitor tolerance, weight, laboratory values if indicated, and overall clinical progress, with adjustment to the regimen as needed. This review contains 1 figure, 4 tables, and 48 references. Key words: enteral access, enteral formula, enteral nutrition support, gastric residuals, gastrointestinal tract, immunonutrition, malnutrition, medical nutrition therapy, tube feed formula, tube feed tolerance, tube feeding, volume-based feeding

scholarly journals Impact of Propofol Sedation upon Caloric Overfeeding and Protein Inadequacy in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Nutrition Support

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Roland N. Dickerson ◽  
Christopher T. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Nutrition Support

Propofol, a commonly used sedative in the intensive care unit, is formulated in a 10% lipid emulsion that contributes 1.1 kcals per mL. As a result, propofol can significantly contribute to caloric intake and can potentially result in complications of overfeeding for patients who receive concurrent enteral or parenteral nutrition therapy. In order to avoid potential overfeeding, some clinicians have empirically decreased the infusion rate of the nutrition therapy, which also may have detrimental effects since protein intake may be inadequate. The purpose of this review is to examine the current literature regarding these issues and provide some practical suggestions on how to restrict caloric intake to avoid overfeeding and simultaneously enhance protein intake for patients who receive either parenteral or enteral nutrition for those patients receiving concurrent propofol therapy.

Management of acute pancreatitis in the critically ill

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajkumar Rajendram
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Gallstone Pancreatitis ◽  
Nasogastric Feeding ◽  
Open Necrosectomy

The major causes of morbidity and mortality in acute pancreatitis are organ dysfunction and infection of necrotic tissue. Management should aim to prevent, or to diagnose and treat, the complications of pancreatic inflammation, and any predisposing factors to avoid recurrence. Medical management is essentially supportive with oxygen, intravenous fluids, analgesia, enteral or parenteral nutrition, and correction of metabolic abnormalities. Patients with severe acute pancreatitis are unlikely to resume prompt oral intake so nutritional support is also required. Post-pyloric feeding is not required if nasogastric feeding is tolerated. However, enteral nutrition, whether oral, gastric, or post-pyloric, can cause pain, recurrence of pancreatitis or an increase in fluid collections, so parenteral nutrition may be necessary. The necrotic pancreas becomes infected in a third of patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Treatment of infection includes systemic antimicrobials, enteral nutrition, percutaneous aspiration, and necrosectomy. However, compared with open necrosectomy, a minimally invasive step-up approach consisting of percutaneous drainage followed, if necessary, by open necrosectomy, reduces morbidity and mortality. The aetiology of the pancreatitis must also be treated to prevent recurrence and the complications of pancreatic failure. Gallstones are the most common cause of pancreatitis that requires specific treatment. Endoscopic or surgical removal of stones may reduce the severity of pancreatitis. Patients should also have cholecystectomy after recovery from gallstone pancreatitis. Effective management of acute pancreatitis requires multidisciplinary engagement. The mainstay of management involves supportive prevention and treatment of complications, infection, and organ failure to avoid or delay surgery.

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