Overview of Enteral Nutrition

Enteral nutrition (EN) is recognized as a medical nutrition therapy for patients with a functional gastrointestinal tract who are unable to maintain their weight and health by oral intake alone either due to a highly catabolic medical condition or a functional limitation. EN support provides calories and protein to help improve or maintain adequate weight, lean body mass, and overall nutritional status. EN also provides nonnutritive benefits such as maintaining intestinal integrity, supporting the immune system, and preventing infection. EN support can be tailored to a patient’s nutrient needs, and there are various formulas that vary in composition of macronutrients, concentration, and electrolytes for specific disease processes or conditions that may help with tolerance and absorption. EN support complications include issues with access, diarrhea, constipation, electrolyte abnormalities, hyperglycemia, and dehydration/overhydration. Generally, EN is well tolerated. While a patient is on this type of nutrition support, it is important to closely monitor tolerance, weight, laboratory values if indicated, and overall clinical progress, with adjustment to the regimen as needed. This review contains 1 figure, 4 tables, and 48 references. Key words: enteral access, enteral formula, enteral nutrition support, gastric residuals, gastrointestinal tract, immunonutrition, malnutrition, medical nutrition therapy, tube feed formula, tube feed tolerance, tube feeding, volume-based feeding

Overview of Enteral Nutrition

10.2310/fm.9053 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca Lynch ◽

Erin Sisk

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Enteral Nutrition ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Functional Limitation ◽

Tube Feeding ◽

Oral Intake ◽

Nutrition Therapy ◽

Nutrition Support ◽

Enteral nutrition (EN) is recognized as a medical nutrition therapy for patients with a functional gastrointestinal tract who are unable to maintain their weight and health by oral intake alone either due to a highly catabolic medical condition or a functional limitation. EN support provides calories and protein to help improve or maintain adequate weight, lean body mass, and overall nutritional status. EN also provides nonnutritive benefits such as maintaining intestinal integrity, supporting the immune system, and preventing infection. EN support can be tailored to a patient’s nutrient needs, and there are various formulas that vary in composition of macronutrients, concentration, and electrolytes for specific disease processes or conditions that may help with tolerance and absorption. EN support complications include issues with access, diarrhea, constipation, electrolyte abnormalities, hyperglycemia, and dehydration/overhydration. Generally, EN is well tolerated. While a patient is on this type of nutrition support, it is important to closely monitor tolerance, weight, laboratory values if indicated, and overall clinical progress, with adjustment to the regimen as needed. This review contains 1 figure, 4 tables, and 48 references. Key words: enteral access, enteral formula, enteral nutrition support, gastric residuals, gastrointestinal tract, immunonutrition, malnutrition, medical nutrition therapy, tube feed formula, tube feed tolerance, tube feeding, volume-based feeding

Overview of Enteral Nutrition

10.2310/gastro.9053 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca Lynch ◽

Erin Sisk

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Enteral Nutrition ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Functional Limitation ◽

Tube Feeding ◽

Oral Intake ◽

Nutrition Therapy ◽

Nutrition Support ◽

Enteral nutrition (EN) is recognized as a medical nutrition therapy for patients with a functional gastrointestinal tract who are unable to maintain their weight and health by oral intake alone either due to a highly catabolic medical condition or a functional limitation. EN support provides calories and protein to help improve or maintain adequate weight, lean body mass, and overall nutritional status. EN also provides nonnutritive benefits such as maintaining intestinal integrity, supporting the immune system, and preventing infection. EN support can be tailored to a patient’s nutrient needs, and there are various formulas that vary in composition of macronutrients, concentration, and electrolytes for specific disease processes or conditions that may help with tolerance and absorption. EN support complications include issues with access, diarrhea, constipation, electrolyte abnormalities, hyperglycemia, and dehydration/overhydration. Generally, EN is well tolerated. While a patient is on this type of nutrition support, it is important to closely monitor tolerance, weight, laboratory values if indicated, and overall clinical progress, with adjustment to the regimen as needed. This review contains 1 figure, 4 tables, and 48 references. Key words: enteral access, enteral formula, enteral nutrition support, gastric residuals, gastrointestinal tract, immunonutrition, malnutrition, medical nutrition therapy, tube feed formula, tube feed tolerance, tube feeding, volume-based feeding

Overview of Enteral Nutrition

DeckerMed Surgery ◽

10.2310/surg.9053 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca Lynch ◽

Erin Sisk

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Enteral Nutrition ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Functional Limitation ◽

Tube Feeding ◽

Oral Intake ◽

Nutrition Therapy ◽

Nutrition Support ◽

Enteral nutrition (EN) is recognized as a medical nutrition therapy for patients with a functional gastrointestinal tract who are unable to maintain their weight and health by oral intake alone either due to a highly catabolic medical condition or a functional limitation. EN support provides calories and protein to help improve or maintain adequate weight, lean body mass, and overall nutritional status. EN also provides nonnutritive benefits such as maintaining intestinal integrity, supporting the immune system, and preventing infection. EN support can be tailored to a patient’s nutrient needs, and there are various formulas that vary in composition of macronutrients, concentration, and electrolytes for specific disease processes or conditions that may help with tolerance and absorption. EN support complications include issues with access, diarrhea, constipation, electrolyte abnormalities, hyperglycemia, and dehydration/overhydration. Generally, EN is well tolerated. While a patient is on this type of nutrition support, it is important to closely monitor tolerance, weight, laboratory values if indicated, and overall clinical progress, with adjustment to the regimen as needed. This review contains 1 figure, 4 tables, and 48 references. Key words: enteral access, enteral formula, enteral nutrition support, gastric residuals, gastrointestinal tract, immunonutrition, malnutrition, medical nutrition therapy, tube feed formula, tube feed tolerance, tube feeding, volume-based feeding

Nutrition Support Using the American Dietetic Association Medical Nutrition Therapy Protocol for Radiation Oncology Patients Improves Dietary Intake Compared with Standard Practice

Journal of the American Dietetic Association ◽

10.1016/j.jada.2006.12.007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 107 (3) ◽

pp. 404-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

Elisabeth A. Isenring ◽

Judith D. Bauer ◽

Sandra Capra

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Radiation Oncology ◽

Nutrition Therapy ◽

Nutrition Support ◽

American Dietetic Association ◽

Standard Practice ◽

Medical Nutrition ◽

Association Medical ◽

Therapy Protocol

Enteral Nutrition and Acute Pancreatitis: A Review

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2011/857949 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

B. W. M. Spanier ◽

M. J. Bruno ◽

E. M. H. Mathus-Vliegen

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Enteral Nutrition ◽

English Language ◽

Tube Feeding ◽

Nutrition Therapy ◽

Nutrition Support ◽

Nasogastric Feeding ◽

Medline Search ◽

Nasogastric Tube Feeding

Introduction. In patients with acute pancreatitis (AP), nutritional support is required if normal food cannot be tolerated within several days. Enteral nutrition is preferred over parenteral nutrition. We reviewed the literature about enteral nutrition in AP.Methods. A MEDLINE search of the English language literature between 1999–2009.Results. Nasogastric tube feeding appears to be safe and well tolerated in the majority of patients with severe AP, rendering the concept of pancreatic rest less probable. Enteral nutrition has a beneficial influence on the outcome of AP and should probably be initiated as early as possible (within 48 hours). Supplementation of enteral formulas with glutamine or prebiotics and probiotics cannot routinely be recommended.Conclusions. Nutrition therapy in patients with AP emerged from supportive adjunctive therapy to a proactive primary intervention. Large multicentre studies are needed to confirm the safety and effectiveness of nasogastric feeding and to investigate the role of early nutrition support.

280-OR: Medical Nutrition Therapy and Glycemic Control in Youth-Onset Diabetes: SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db20-280-or ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 280-OR

Author(s):

KATHERINE A. SAUDER ◽

JEANETTE M. STAFFORD ◽

NATALIE S. THE ◽

ELIZABETH J. MAYER-DAVIS ◽

JOAN THOMAS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycemic Control ◽

Nutrition Therapy ◽

Onset Diabetes ◽

Youth Study ◽

Medical Nutrition ◽

Diabetes In Youth

Medical Nutrition Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease

Chettinad Health City Medical Journal ◽

10.36503/chcmj7(2)-04 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Nutrition Therapy ◽

Effct of route and timing of enteral nutrition support on tube feeding duration, tube-related complications and dysphagia in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing treatment: a systematic review.

Clinical Nutrition ESPEN ◽

10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.787 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 666-667

Author(s):

X. Ye ◽

Y. Chang ◽

M. Findlay ◽

T. Brown ◽

J. Bauer

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Enteral Nutrition ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Neck Cancer ◽

Tube Feeding ◽

Nutrition Support ◽

Feeding Duration ◽

Enteral Nutrition Support

Impact of Propofol Sedation upon Caloric Overfeeding and Protein Inadequacy in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Nutrition Support

Pharmacy ◽

10.3390/pharmacy9030121 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 121

Author(s):

Roland N. Dickerson ◽

Christopher T. Buckley

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Enteral Nutrition ◽

Parenteral Nutrition ◽

Critically Ill Patients ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Lipid Emulsion ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Nutrition Therapy ◽

Nutrition Support

Propofol, a commonly used sedative in the intensive care unit, is formulated in a 10% lipid emulsion that contributes 1.1 kcals per mL. As a result, propofol can significantly contribute to caloric intake and can potentially result in complications of overfeeding for patients who receive concurrent enteral or parenteral nutrition therapy. In order to avoid potential overfeeding, some clinicians have empirically decreased the infusion rate of the nutrition therapy, which also may have detrimental effects since protein intake may be inadequate. The purpose of this review is to examine the current literature regarding these issues and provide some practical suggestions on how to restrict caloric intake to avoid overfeeding and simultaneously enhance protein intake for patients who receive either parenteral or enteral nutrition for those patients receiving concurrent propofol therapy.